CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8285 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X487-866M-P8HR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-26 15:30 – Updated: 2023-06-03 00:02Camaleon CMS prior to 2.7.4 was discovered to contain a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability via the formats parameter.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "camaleon_cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30145"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-05-26T19:44:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-26T15:15:12Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Camaleon CMS prior to 2.7.4 was discovered to contain a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability via the `formats` parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-x487-866m-p8hr",
"modified": "2023-06-03T00:02:26Z",
"published": "2023-05-26T15:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30145"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/owen2345/camaleon-cms/issues/1052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/owen2345/camaleon-cms/commit/4485788c544eb1aae52ca613bd9626129e3df6ee"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-web/ssti-server-side-template-injection"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/11MsSYqUnDRFjcwbQKJeL9Q8nWpgVYf2r/view?usp=share_link"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/owen2345/camaleon-cms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/owen2345/camaleon-cms/releases/tag/2.7.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/paragbagul111/CVE-2023-30145"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/camaleon_cms/CVE-2023-30145.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portswigger.net/research/server-side-template-injection"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172593/Camaleon-CMS-2.7.0-Server-Side-Template-Injection.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Server-Side Template Injection in Camaleon CMS"
}
GHSA-X48H-JVV3-M642
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 06:43 – Updated: 2022-05-01 06:43PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in common.php in Intensive Point iUser Ecommerce allows remote attackers to include arbitrary files via a URL in the include_path variable, which is not initialized before being used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-0854"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-02-23T02:06:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in common.php in Intensive Point iUser Ecommerce allows remote attackers to include arbitrary files via a URL in the include_path variable, which is not initialized before being used.",
"id": "GHSA-x48h-jvv3-m642",
"modified": "2022-05-01T06:43:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T06:43:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-0854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/24724"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2006-02/0339.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/18903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/23429"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/16787"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/0699"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.xorcrew.net/xpa/XPA-iUser.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X4F6-M5WJ-HXVG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-09 03:46PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in NewsCMS/news/newstopic_inc.php in North Country Public Radio Public Media Manager (PMM) 1.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the indir parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-5149"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-10-01T05:17:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in NewsCMS/news/newstopic_inc.php in North Country Public Radio Public Media Manager (PMM) 1.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the indir parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-x4f6-m5wj-hxvg",
"modified": "2025-04-09T03:46:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/36866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4465"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://arfis.wordpress.com/2007/09/14/rfi-02-public-media-manager"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/37399"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/27020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/481073/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25860"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/3310"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X4FW-2374-XPJM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:15 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:15The OpenType Font (OTF) driver in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, R2, and R2 SP1, Windows 7 Gold and SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted OpenType font file, aka "OpenType Font Parsing Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-2556"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-12-12T00:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The OpenType Font (OTF) driver in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, R2, and R2 SP1, Windows 7 Gold and SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted OpenType font file, aka \"OpenType Font Parsing Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-x4fw-2374-xpjm",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:15:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:15:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2556"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2012/ms12-078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A16067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA12-346A.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X4JX-MWQ9-XJR3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-21 03:36 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:33An issue in Lepton CMS v.7.0.0 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the upgrade.php file in the languages place.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-24520"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-21T02:52:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in Lepton CMS v.7.0.0 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the upgrade.php file in the languages place.",
"id": "GHSA-x4jx-mwq9-xjr3",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:33:47Z",
"published": "2024-03-21T03:36:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-24520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/capture0x/leptoncms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xF9979/LEPTON-CMS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176647/Lepton-CMS-7.0.0-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lepton.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X4MJ-7F9G-29H4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 15:19 – Updated: 2026-07-01 22:20Impact
Contour's Cookie Rewriting feature is vulnerable to Lua code injection. An attacker with RBAC permissions to create or modify HTTPProxy resources can craft a malicious value in the following fields that results in arbitrary code execution in the Envoy proxy:
spec.routes[].cookieRewritePolicies[].pathRewrite.valuespec.routes[].services[].cookieRewritePolicies[].pathRewrite.value
The cookie rewriting feature is internally implemented using Envoy's HTTP Lua filter. User-controlled values are interpolated into Lua source code using Go text/template without sufficient sanitization.
The injected code only executes when processing traffic on the attacker's own route, which they already control. However, since Envoy runs as shared infrastructure, the injected code can also:
- Read Envoy's xDS client credentials from the filesystem, which could be used to read all Contour xDS configuration, including TLS certificates and private keys of other tenants.
- Cause denial of service for other tenants sharing the Envoy instance.
Other use cases of Lua filter are not vulnerable.
Patches
The fix is available in Contour v1.33.4, v1.32.5, and v1.31.6.
- v1.33.4: User-provided values are no longer interpolated into Lua code. Use of
text/templateis removed. Requires Envoy 1.35.0 or later. - v1.32.5, v1.31.6: User-provided values are escaped before interpolation into Lua code.
Workarounds
There are no workarounds. Users should upgrade to a patched version.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/projectcontour/contour"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.19.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.31.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/projectcontour/contour"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.32.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.32.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/projectcontour/contour"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.33.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.33.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41246"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-24T15:19:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-23T19:17:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nContour\u0027s [Cookie Rewriting](https://projectcontour.io/docs/1.33/config/cookie-rewriting/) feature is vulnerable to Lua code injection. An attacker with RBAC permissions to create or modify `HTTPProxy` resources can craft a malicious value in the following fields that results in arbitrary code execution in the Envoy proxy:\n\n- `spec.routes[].cookieRewritePolicies[].pathRewrite.value`\n- `spec.routes[].services[].cookieRewritePolicies[].pathRewrite.value`\n\nThe cookie rewriting feature is internally implemented using Envoy\u0027s [HTTP Lua filter](https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/configuration/http/http_filters/lua_filter). User-controlled values are interpolated into Lua source code using Go `text/template` without sufficient sanitization.\n\nThe injected code only executes when processing traffic on the attacker\u0027s own route, which they already control. However, since Envoy runs as shared infrastructure, the injected code can also:\n\n- Read Envoy\u0027s xDS client credentials from the filesystem, which could be used to read all Contour xDS configuration, including TLS certificates and private keys of other tenants.\n- Cause denial of service for other tenants sharing the Envoy instance.\n\nOther use cases of Lua filter are not vulnerable.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe fix is available in Contour [v1.33.4](https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/releases/tag/v1.33.4), [v1.32.5](https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/releases/tag/v1.32.5), and [v1.31.6](https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/releases/tag/v1.31.6).\n\n- v1.33.4: User-provided values are no longer interpolated into Lua code. Use of `text/template` is removed. Requires Envoy 1.35.0 or later.\n- v1.32.5, v1.31.6: User-provided values are escaped before interpolation into Lua code.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no workarounds. Users should upgrade to a patched version.",
"id": "GHSA-x4mj-7f9g-29h4",
"modified": "2026-07-01T22:20:13Z",
"published": "2026-04-24T15:19:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/security/advisories/GHSA-x4mj-7f9g-29h4"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41246"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-41246"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2461257"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/projectcontour/contour"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/releases/tag/v1.31.6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/releases/tag/v1.32.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/releases/tag/v1.33.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://projectcontour.io/docs/1.33/config/cookie-rewriting"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-41246.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/configuration/http/http_filters/lua_filter"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Contour has Lua code injection via Cookie Path Rewrite Policy"
}
GHSA-X4Q7-M6FP-4V9V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-13 19:11 – Updated: 2022-10-24 18:35Impact
This vulnerability only affects installations that rely on the safe mode restriction, commonly used when providing public access to the admin panel. Assuming an attacker has access to the admin panel and permission to open the "Editor" section, they can bypass the Safe Mode (cms.safe_mode) restriction to introduce new PHP code in a CMS template using a specially crafted request.
Patches
The issue has been patched in v2.2.34 and v3.0.66
References
Credits to:
- David Miller
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
- Email us at hello@octobercms.com
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "october/system"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.34"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "october/system"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.66"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35944"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-13T19:11:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-13T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThis vulnerability only affects installations that rely on the safe mode restriction, commonly used when providing public access to the admin panel. Assuming an attacker has access to the admin panel and permission to open the \"Editor\" section, they can bypass the Safe Mode (`cms.safe_mode`) restriction to introduce new PHP code in a CMS template using a specially crafted request.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue has been patched in v2.2.34 and v3.0.66\n\n### References\n\nCredits to:\n\n- David Miller\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n- Email us at [hello@octobercms.com](mailto:hello@octobercms.com)\n",
"id": "GHSA-x4q7-m6fp-4v9v",
"modified": "2022-10-24T18:35:38Z",
"published": "2022-10-13T19:11:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/octobercms/october/security/advisories/GHSA-x4q7-m6fp-4v9v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35944"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/octobercms/october"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "October CMS Safe Mode bypass leads to authenticated Remote Code Execution"
}
GHSA-X4RF-M9HC-VJF6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:41 – Updated: 2025-03-31 12:30ownCloud Server before 5.0.15 and 6.0.x before 6.0.2 allows remote attackers to conduct an LDAP injection attack via unspecified vectors, as demonstrated using a "login query."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-2051"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-06-05T15:44:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ownCloud Server before 5.0.15 and 6.0.x before 6.0.2 allows remote attackers to conduct an LDAP injection attack via unspecified vectors, as demonstrated using a \"login query.\"",
"id": "GHSA-x4rf-m9hc-vjf6",
"modified": "2025-03-31T12:30:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:41:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-2051"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://owncloud.org/about/security/advisories/oC-SA-2014-005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X4WF-678H-2PMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-16 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-02 16:07A arbitrary code injection vulnerability in TensorFlow's Keras framework (<2.13) allows attackers to execute arbitrary code with the same permissions as the application using a model that allow arbitrary code irrespective of the application.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "keras"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.13.1rc0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3660"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-02T16:07:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-16T21:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A arbitrary code injection vulnerability in TensorFlow\u0027s Keras framework (\u003c2.13) allows attackers to execute arbitrary code with the same permissions as the application using a model that allow arbitrary code irrespective of the application.",
"id": "GHSA-x4wf-678h-2pmq",
"modified": "2024-08-02T16:07:44Z",
"published": "2024-04-16T21:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3660"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/compare/r2.12...r2.13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/253266"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/253266"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Keras code injection vulnerability"
}
GHSA-X526-HJ2X-J34R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:29 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:29install/installNewDB.php in TestLink through 1.9.16 allows remote attackers to conduct injection attacks by leveraging control over DB LOGIN NAMES data during installation to provide a long, crafted value.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-7466"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-25T07:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "install/installNewDB.php in TestLink through 1.9.16 allows remote attackers to conduct injection attacks by leveraging control over DB LOGIN NAMES data during installation to provide a long, crafted value.",
"id": "GHSA-x526-hj2x-j34r",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:29:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:29:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7466"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TestLinkOpenSourceTRMS/testlink-code/commit/9696012eecbafb0aa21cc346234512c29b474679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44226"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44349"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.