CWE-113
Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
The product receives data from an HTTP agent/component (e.g., web server, proxy, browser, etc.), but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.
CVE-2024-42487 (GCVE-0-2024-42487)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-15 20:26 – Updated: 2024-08-15 20:46
VLAI
Title
Cilium's Gateway API route matching order contradicts specification
Summary
Cilium is a networking, observability, and security solution with an eBPF-based dataplane. In the 1.15 branch prior to 1.15.8 and the 1.16 branch prior to 1.16.1, Gateway API HTTPRoutes and GRPCRoutes do not follow the match precedence specified in the Gateway API specification. In particular, request headers are matched before request methods, when the specification describes that the request methods must be respected before headers are matched. This could result in unexpected behaviour with security This issue is fixed in Cilium v1.15.8 and v1.16.1. There is no workaround for this issue.
Severity
4 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cilium/cilium/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cilium/cilium/pull/34109 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cilium/cilium/commit/a3510fe4a… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-45687 (GCVE-0-2024-45687)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-21 16:35 – Updated: 2025-02-12 20:41
VLAI
Title
HTTP Server incorrectly accepting disallowed characters within header values
Summary
Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting') vulnerability in Payara Platform Payara Server (Grizzly, REST Management Interface modules), Payara Platform Payara Micro (Grizzly modules) allows Manipulating State, Identity Spoofing.This issue affects Payara Server: from 4.1.151 through 4.1.2.191.51, from 5.20.0 through 5.70.0, from 5.2020.2 through 5.2022.5, from 6.2022.1 through 6.2024.12, from 6.0.0 through 6.21.0; Payara Micro: from 4.1.152 through 4.1.2.191.51, from 5.20.0 through 5.70.0, from 5.2020.2 through 5.2022.5, from 6.2022.1 through 6.2024.12, from 6.0.0 through 6.21.0.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://docs.payara.fish/enterprise/docs/Release%… | release-notes |
| https://docs.payara.fish/enterprise/docs/5.71.0/R… | release-notes |
| https://docs.payara.fish/community/docs/6.2025.1/… | release-notes |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Payara Platform | Payara Server |
Affected:
4.1.151 , ≤ 4.1.2.191.51
(custom)
Affected: 5.20.0 , ≤ 5.70.0 (semver) Affected: 5.2020.2 , ≤ 5.2022.5 (semver) Affected: 6.2022.1 , ≤ 6.2024.12 (semver) Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.21.0 (semver) |
|
| Payara Platform | Payara Micro |
Affected:
4.1.152 , ≤ 4.1.2.191.51
(custom)
Affected: 5.20.0 , ≤ 5.70.0 (semver) Affected: 5.2020.2 , ≤ 5.2022.5 (semver) Affected: 6.2022.1 , ≤ 6.2024.12 (semver) Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.21.0 (semver) |
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CVE-2024-52875 (GCVE-0-2024-52875)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-31 00:00 – Updated: 2025-02-12 20:41
VLAI
Summary
An issue was discovered in GFI Kerio Control 9.2.5 through 9.4.5. The dest GET parameter passed to the /nonauth/addCertException.cs and /nonauth/guestConfirm.cs and /nonauth/expiration.cs pages is not properly sanitized before being used to generate a Location HTTP header in a 302 HTTP response. This can be exploited to perform Open Redirect or HTTP Response Splitting attacks, which in turn lead to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). Remote command execution can be achieved by leveraging the upgrade feature in the admin interface.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GFI | Kerio Control |
Affected:
9.2.5 , ≤ 9.4.5
(custom)
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CVE-2024-54021 (GCVE-0-2024-54021)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-14 14:09 – Updated: 2025-08-06 18:04
VLAI
Summary
An Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('http response splitting') vulnerability [CWE-113] in Fortinet FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.6.0, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.4.5 may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to bypass the file filter via crafted HTTP headers.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-113 - Execute unauthorized code or commands
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiOS |
Affected:
7.6.0
Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.4 (semver) Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.8 (semver) cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Fortinet | FortiProxy |
Affected:
7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.5
(semver)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.11 (semver) |
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CVE-2025-0825 (GCVE-0-2025-0825)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-04 14:11 – Updated: 2025-05-23 12:50
VLAI
Title
CRLF injection in Cpp-httplib
Summary
cpp-httplib version v0.17.3 through v0.18.3 fails to filter CRLF characters ("\r\n") when those are prefixed with a null byte. This enables attackers to exploit CRLF injection that could further lead to HTTP Response Splitting, XSS, and more.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
2 references
Credits
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CVE-2025-30221 (GCVE-0-2025-30221)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-27 14:46 – Updated: 2025-03-27 15:05
VLAI
Title
Pitchfork HTTP Request/Response Splitting vulnerability
Summary
Pitchfork is a preforking HTTP server for Rack applications. Versions prior to 0.11.0 are vulnerable to HTTP Response Header Injection when used in conjunction with Rack 3. The issue was fixed in Pitchfork release 0.11.0. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Shopify/pitchfork/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2025-40927 (GCVE-0-2025-40927)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 00:10 – Updated: 2025-08-29 13:18
VLAI
Title
CGI::Simple versions 1.281 and earlier for Perl has a HTTP response splitting flaw
Summary
CGI::Simple versions before 1.282 for Perl has a HTTP response splitting flaw
This vulnerability is a confirmed HTTP response splitting flaw in CGI::Simple that allows HTTP response header injection, which can be used for reflected XSS or open redirect under certain conditions.
Although some validation exists, it can be bypassed using URL-encoded values, allowing an attacker to inject untrusted content into the response via query parameters.
As a result, an attacker can inject a line break (e.g. %0A) into the parameter value, causing the server to split the HTTP response and inject arbitrary headers or even an HTML/JavaScript body, leading to reflected cross-site scripting (XSS), open redirect or other attacks.
The issue documented in CVE-2010-4410 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2010-4410 is related but the fix was incomplete.
Impact
By injecting %0A (newline) into a query string parameter, an attacker can:
* Break the current HTTP header
* Inject a new header or entire body
* Deliver a script payload that is reflected in the server’s response
That can lead to the following attacks:
* reflected XSS
* open redirect
* cache poisoning
* header manipulation
Severity
7.3 (High)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://metacpan.org/release/MANWAR/CGI-Simple-1.… | related |
| https://metacpan.org/release/MANWAR/CGI-Simple-1.… | related |
| https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/HTTP_Resp… | technical-description |
| https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3 | technical-description |
| https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CV… | related |
| https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=21951 | related |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MANWAR | CGI::Simple |
Affected:
0 , < 1.282
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-41234 (GCVE-0-2025-41234)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-12 21:14 – Updated: 2025-06-13 14:03
VLAI
Title
RFD Attack via “Content-Disposition” Header Sourced from Request
Summary
Description
In Spring Framework, versions 6.0.x as of 6.0.5, versions 6.1.x and 6.2.x, an application is vulnerable to a reflected file download (RFD) attack when it sets a “Content-Disposition” header with a non-ASCII charset, where the filename attribute is derived from user-supplied input.
Specifically, an application is vulnerable when all the following are true:
* The header is prepared with org.springframework.http.ContentDisposition.
* The filename is set via ContentDisposition.Builder#filename(String, Charset).
* The value for the filename is derived from user-supplied input.
* The application does not sanitize the user-supplied input.
* The downloaded content of the response is injected with malicious commands by the attacker (see RFD paper reference for details).
An application is not vulnerable if any of the following is true:
* The application does not set a “Content-Disposition” response header.
* The header is not prepared with org.springframework.http.ContentDisposition.
* The filename is set via one of: * ContentDisposition.Builder#filename(String), or
* ContentDisposition.Builder#filename(String, ASCII)
* The filename is not derived from user-supplied input.
* The filename is derived from user-supplied input but sanitized by the application.
* The attacker cannot inject malicious content in the downloaded content of the response.
Affected Spring Products and VersionsSpring Framework:
* 6.2.0 - 6.2.7
* 6.1.0 - 6.1.20
* 6.0.5 - 6.0.28
* Older, unsupported versions are not affected
MitigationUsers of affected versions should upgrade to the corresponding fixed version.
Affected version(s)Fix versionAvailability6.2.x6.2.8OSS6.1.x6.1.21OSS6.0.x6.0.29 Commercial https://enterprise.spring.io/ No further mitigation steps are necessary.
CWE-113 in `Content-Disposition` handling in VMware Spring Framework versions 6.0.5 to 6.2.7 allows remote attackers to launch Reflected File Download (RFD) attacks via unsanitized user input in `ContentDisposition.Builder#filename(String, Charset)` with non-ASCII charsets.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| VMware | Spring Framework |
Affected:
6.0.5 , ≤ 6.0.28
(COMMERCIAL)
Affected: 6.1.0 , ≤ 6.1.20 (OSS) Affected: 6.2.0 , ≤ 6.2.7 (OSS) |
Date Public
2025-06-12 21:00
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CVE-2025-42934 (GCVE-0-2025-42934)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-12 02:04 – Updated: 2025-08-12 14:06
VLAI
Title
CRLF Injection vulnerability in SAP S/4HANA (Supplier invoice)
Summary
SAP S/4HANA Supplier invoice is vulnerable to CRLF Injection. An attacker with user-level privileges can bypass the allowlist and insert untrusted sites into the 'Trusted Sites' configuration by injecting line feed (LF) characters into application inputs. This vulnerability has a low impact on the application's integrity and no impact on confidentiality or availability.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAP_SE | SAP S/4HANA (Supplier invoice) |
Affected:
S4CORE 102
Affected: 103 Affected: 104 Affected: 105 Affected: 106 Affected: 107 Affected: 108 Affected: 109 |
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CVE-2025-52479 (GCVE-0-2025-52479)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-25 16:06 – Updated: 2026-05-07 20:47
VLAI
Title
HTTP.jl vulnerable to CR/LF Injection in URIs
Summary
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Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
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| https://github.com/JuliaWeb/HTTP.jl/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/JuliaWeb/URIs.jl/pull/66 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/JuliaWeb/HTTP.jl/commit/e12495… | x_refsource_MISC |
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"name": "https://github.com/JuliaWeb/HTTP.jl/security/advisories/GHSA-4g68-4pxg-mw93",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/JuliaWeb/HTTP.jl/security/advisories/GHSA-4g68-4pxg-mw93"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/JuliaWeb/URIs.jl/pull/66",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/JuliaWeb/URIs.jl/pull/66"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/JuliaWeb/HTTP.jl/commit/e124953f388e7750f893fcf90efc72b7a59e35eb",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/JuliaWeb/HTTP.jl/commit/e124953f388e7750f893fcf90efc72b7a59e35eb"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-4g68-4pxg-mw93",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "HTTP.jl vulnerable to CR/LF Injection in URIs"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-52479",
"datePublished": "2025-06-25T16:06:45.402Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-06-17T02:28:39.717Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-07T20:47:37.830Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Construct HTTP headers very carefully, avoiding the use of non-validated input data.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. If an input does not strictly conform to specifications, reject it or transform it into something that conforms.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-30
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Description:
- Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-105: HTTP Request Splitting
['An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to split a single HTTP request into multiple unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).', 'See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.']
CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies
This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.
CAPEC-34: HTTP Response Splitting
['An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content, in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server) or into an already spoofed HTTP response from an adversary controlled domain/site.', 'See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.']
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.