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CWE-120
Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
CVE-2025-23234 (GCVE-0-2025-23234)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-04 03:44 – Updated: 2025-03-11 16:09
VLAI
Title
Arkcompiler Ets Runtime has a buffer overflow vulnerability
Summary
in OpenHarmony v5.0.2 and prior versions allow a local attacker cause DOS through buffer overflow.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenHarmony | OpenHarmony |
Affected:
v4.1.0 , ≤ v5.0.2
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-23236 (GCVE-0-2025-23236)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-06 07:05 – Updated: 2025-02-12 19:51
VLAI
Summary
Buffer overflow vulnerability exists in Defense Platform Home Edition Ver.3.9.51.x and earlier. If an attacker performs a specific operation, SYSTEM privilege of the Windows system where the product is running may be obtained.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer overflow
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Humming Heads Inc. | Defense Platform Home Edition |
Affected:
Ver.3.9.51.x and earlier
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CVE-2025-23412 (GCVE-0-2025-23412)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-05 17:31 – Updated: 2025-02-10 16:48
VLAI
Title
BIG-IP APM access profile vulnerability
Summary
When BIG-IP APM Access Profile is configured on a virtual server, undisclosed request can cause TMM to terminate.
Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000141003 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-02-05 15:00
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CVE-2025-24003 (GCVE-0-2025-24003)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-08 06:59 – Updated: 2025-07-08 13:38
VLAI
Title
MQTT OOB Write Vulnerability in EichrechtAgents of German EV Charging Stations
Summary
An unauthenticated remote attacker can use MQTT messages to trigger out-of-bounds writes in charging stations complying with German Calibration Law, resulting in a loss of integrity for only EichrechtAgents and potential denial-of-service for these stations.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phoenix Contact | CHARX SEC-3150 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , ≤ 1.6.5
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | CHARX SEC-3100 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , ≤ 1.6.5
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | CHARX SEC-3050 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , ≤ 1.6.5
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | CHARX SEC-3000 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , ≤ 1.6.5
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-24004 (GCVE-0-2025-24004)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-08 06:59 – Updated: 2025-07-08 13:37
VLAI
Title
USB-C Buffer Overflow via Display Interface in EV Charging Stations
Summary
A physical attacker with access to the device display via USB-C can send a message to the device which triggers an unsecure copy to a buffer resulting in loss of integrity and a temporary denial-of-service for the stations until they got restarted by the watchdog.
Severity
5.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phoenix Contact | CHARX SEC-3150 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , ≤ 1.6.5
(semver)
|
|
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Affected:
0.0.0 , ≤ 1.6.5
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | CHARX SEC-3050 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , ≤ 1.6.5
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | CHARX SEC-3000 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , ≤ 1.6.5
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-24519 (GCVE-0-2025-24519)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-11 16:49 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57
VLAI
Summary
Buffer overflow for some Intel(R) QAT Windows software before version 2.6.0. within Ring 3: User Applications may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with an authenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data manipulation. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- Escalation of Privilege
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Intel(R) QAT Windows software |
Affected:
before version 2.6.0.
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CVE-2025-24956 (GCVE-0-2025-24956)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-11 10:29 – Updated: 2025-02-12 20:51
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in OpenV2G (All versions < V0.9.6). The OpenV2G EXI parsing feature is missing a length check when parsing X509 serial numbers. Thus, an attacker could introduce a buffer overflow that leads to memory corruption.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-25052 (GCVE-0-2025-25052)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-06 09:03 – Updated: 2025-05-06 14:48
VLAI
Title
arkcompiler_ets_runtime has a buffer overflow vulnerability
Summary
in OpenHarmony v5.0.3 and prior versions allow a local attacker cause DOS through buffer overflow.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenHarmony | OpenHarmony |
Affected:
v4.1.0 , ≤ v5.0.3
(custom)
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CVE-2025-25280 (GCVE-0-2025-25280)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-03 08:25 – Updated: 2025-03-03 14:53
VLAI
Summary
Buffer overflow vulnerability exists in FutureNet AS series (Industrial Routers) and FA series (Protocol Conversion Machine) provided by Century Systems Co., Ltd. If this vulnerability is exploited, a remote unauthenticated attacker may reboot the device by sending a specially crafted request.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer overflow
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
15 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-250/S |
Affected:
firmware Version 1.14.0 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-250/F-SC |
Affected:
firmware Version 1.14.0 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-250/F-KO |
Affected:
firmware Version 1.14.0 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-250/NL |
Affected:
firmware Version 1.14.0 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-250/KL |
Affected:
firmware Version 1.14.0 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-250/KL Rev2 |
Affected:
firmware Version 2.6.6 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-250/L |
Affected:
firmware Version 2.6.6 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-M250/L |
Affected:
firmware Version 3.0.0 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-M250/KL |
Affected:
firmware Version 3.0.0 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-M250/NL |
Affected:
firmware Version 3.0.0 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-P250/NL |
Affected:
firmware Version 2.6.6 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-P250/KL |
Affected:
firmware Version 2.6.6 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet AS-210/U4 |
Affected:
firmware Version 2.6.6 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet FA-210 |
Affected:
firmware Version 1.1.9 and earlier
|
|
| Century Systems Co., Ltd. | FutureNet FA-215 |
Affected:
firmware Version 1.0.1 and earlier
|
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CVE-2025-27043 (GCVE-0-2025-27043)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-08 12:49 – Updated: 2025-07-08 14:04
VLAI
Title
Buffer Copy Without Checking Size of Input in Video
Summary
Memory corruption while processing manipulated payload in video firmware.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy Without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qualcomm, Inc. | Snapdragon |
Affected:
AR8035
Affected: CSR8811 Affected: FastConnect 6200 Affected: FastConnect 6700 Affected: FastConnect 6900 Affected: FastConnect 7800 Affected: Flight RB5 5G Platform Affected: Immersive Home 3210 Platform Affected: Immersive Home 326 Platform Affected: IPQ5424 Affected: IPQ8070A Affected: IPQ8071A Affected: IPQ8072A Affected: IPQ8074A Affected: IPQ8076 Affected: IPQ8076A Affected: IPQ8078 Affected: IPQ8078A Affected: IPQ8173 Affected: IPQ8174 Affected: QAM8255P Affected: QAM8295P Affected: QAM8620P Affected: QAM8650P Affected: QAM8775P Affected: QAMSRV1H Affected: QAMSRV1M Affected: QCA4024 Affected: QCA6174A Affected: QCA6391 Affected: QCA6574 Affected: QCA6574A Affected: QCA6574AU Affected: QCA6584AU Affected: QCA6595 Affected: QCA6595AU Affected: QCA6678AQ Affected: QCA6688AQ Affected: QCA6696 Affected: QCA6698AQ Affected: QCA6698AU Affected: QCA6797AQ Affected: QCA8080 Affected: QCA8081 Affected: QCA8082 Affected: QCA8084 Affected: QCA8085 Affected: QCA8101 Affected: QCA8337 Affected: QCA8384 Affected: QCA8385 Affected: QCA8386 Affected: QCA9367 Affected: QCA9377 Affected: QCA9888 Affected: QCA9889 Affected: QCC710 Affected: QCF8001 Affected: QCM2290 Affected: QCM4325 Affected: QCM5430 Affected: QCM6125 Affected: QCM6490 Affected: QCM8550 Affected: QCN5024 Affected: QCN5124 Affected: QCN5154 Affected: QCN5164 Affected: QCN5224 Affected: QCN6023 Affected: QCN6024 Affected: QCN6224 Affected: QCN6274 Affected: QCN9011 Affected: QCN9012 Affected: QCN9070 Affected: QCN9072 Affected: QCN9074 Affected: QCN9274 Affected: QCS2290 Affected: QCS410 Affected: QCS5430 Affected: QCS610 Affected: QCS6125 Affected: QCS615 Affected: QCS6490 Affected: QCS7230 Affected: QCS8250 Affected: QCS8300 Affected: QCS8550 Affected: QCS9100 Affected: QDU1000 Affected: QDU1010 Affected: QDU1110 Affected: QDU1210 Affected: QDX1010 Affected: QDX1011 Affected: QEP8111 Affected: QFW7114 Affected: QFW7124 Affected: QMP1000 Affected: QRB5165N Affected: QRU1032 Affected: QRU1052 Affected: QRU1062 Affected: Qualcomm Video Collaboration VC1 Platform Affected: Qualcomm Video Collaboration VC3 Platform Affected: Qualcomm Video Collaboration VC5 Platform Affected: Robotics RB5 Platform Affected: SA4150P Affected: SA4155P Affected: SA6145P Affected: SA6150P Affected: SA6155P Affected: SA7255P Affected: SA7775P Affected: SA8145P Affected: SA8150P Affected: SA8155P Affected: SA8195P Affected: SA8255P Affected: SA8295P Affected: SA8620P Affected: SA8650P Affected: SA8770P Affected: SA8775P Affected: SA9000P Affected: SD660 Affected: SD865 5G Affected: SG4150P Affected: SM4635 Affected: SM6370 Affected: SM6650 Affected: SM6650P Affected: SM7635 Affected: SM7635P Affected: SM7675 Affected: SM7675P Affected: SM8550P Affected: SM8635 Affected: SM8635P Affected: SM8650Q Affected: SM8735 Affected: SM8750 Affected: SM8750P Affected: Snapdragon 4 Gen 1 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 460 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 480 5G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 480+ 5G Mobile Platform (SM4350-AC) Affected: Snapdragon 660 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 662 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 680 4G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 685 4G Mobile Platform (SM6225-AD) Affected: Snapdragon 695 5G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 8 Gen 1 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 8+ Gen 2 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 888 5G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 888+ 5G Mobile Platform (SM8350-AC) Affected: Snapdragon AR1 Gen 1 Platform Affected: Snapdragon AR1 Gen 1 Platform "Luna1" Affected: Snapdragon Auto 5G Modem-RF Affected: Snapdragon Auto 5G Modem-RF Gen 2 Affected: Snapdragon W5+ Gen 1 Wearable Platform Affected: Snapdragon X32 5G Modem-RF System Affected: Snapdragon X35 5G Modem-RF System Affected: Snapdragon X72 5G Modem-RF System Affected: Snapdragon X75 5G Modem-RF System Affected: Snapdragon XR2 5G Platform Affected: Snapdragon XR2+ Gen 1 Platform Affected: SRV1H Affected: SRV1L Affected: SRV1M Affected: SW-only Affected: SW5100 Affected: SW5100P Affected: SXR2330P Affected: WCD9335 Affected: WCD9340 Affected: WCD9341 Affected: WCD9370 Affected: WCD9375 Affected: WCD9378 Affected: WCD9380 Affected: WCD9385 Affected: WCD9390 Affected: WCD9395 Affected: WCN3910 Affected: WCN3950 Affected: WCN3980 Affected: WCN3988 Affected: WCN3990 Affected: WCN6450 Affected: WCN6650 Affected: WCN6755 Affected: WCN7750 Affected: WCN7860 Affected: WCN7861 Affected: WCN7880 Affected: WCN7881 Affected: WSA8810 Affected: WSA8815 Affected: WSA8830 Affected: WSA8832 Affected: WSA8835 Affected: WSA8840 Affected: WSA8845 Affected: WSA8845H |
{
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"timestamp": "2025-07-08T14:03:25.313495Z",
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{
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{
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{
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"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 Mobile Platform"
},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
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{
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"version": "Snapdragon AR1 Gen 1 Platform"
},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Snapdragon Auto 5G Modem-RF"
},
{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Snapdragon W5+ Gen 1 Wearable Platform"
},
{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Snapdragon X35 5G Modem-RF System"
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
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{
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"status": "affected",
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},
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"status": "affected",
"version": "WCN3990"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WCN6450"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WCN6650"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WCN6755"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WCN7750"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WCN7860"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WCN7861"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WCN7880"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WCN7881"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8810"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8815"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8830"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8832"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8835"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8840"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8845"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "WSA8845H"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Memory corruption while processing manipulated payload in video firmware."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-120",
"description": "CWE-120 Buffer Copy Without Checking Size of Input (\u0027Classic Buffer Overflow\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-08T12:49:06.668Z",
"orgId": "2cfc7d3e-20d3-47ac-8db7-1b7285aff15f",
"shortName": "qualcomm"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/july-2025-bulletin.html"
}
],
"title": "Buffer Copy Without Checking Size of Input in Video"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "2cfc7d3e-20d3-47ac-8db7-1b7285aff15f",
"assignerShortName": "qualcomm",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-27043",
"datePublished": "2025-07-08T12:49:06.668Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-02-18T09:19:46.884Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-08T14:04:18.866Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation ID: MIT-3
Phase: Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
Description:
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation ID: MIT-4.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation ID: MIT-10
Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation ID: MIT-9
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that your buffer is as large as you specify.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-11
Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation ID: MIT-12
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation
Phases: Build and Compilation, Operation
Description:
- Most mitigating technologies at the compiler or OS level to date address only a subset of buffer overflow problems and rarely provide complete protection against even that subset. It is good practice to implement strategies to increase the workload of an attacker, such as leaving the attacker to guess an unknown value that changes every program execution.
Mitigation ID: MIT-13
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog()
This attack targets applications and software that uses the syslog() function insecurely. If an application does not explicitely use a format string parameter in a call to syslog(), user input can be placed in the format string parameter leading to a format string injection attack. Adversaries can then inject malicious format string commands into the function call leading to a buffer overflow. There are many reported software vulnerabilities with the root cause being a misuse of the syslog() function.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.