Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Out-of-bounds Read

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

CVE-2025-7997 (GCVE-0-2025-7997)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:53 – Updated: 2025-09-18 14:40
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of XE files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read before the start of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26045.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-30 15:20
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8003 (GCVE-0-2025-8003)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:53 – Updated: 2025-09-18 14:40
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of CO files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26235.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-30 15:20
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8004 (GCVE-0-2025-8004)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:53 – Updated: 2025-09-18 14:04
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of XE files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26236.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-30 15:21
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8006 (GCVE-0-2025-8006)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:53 – Updated: 2025-09-18 14:04
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of XE files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26238.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-30 15:21
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8067 (GCVE-0-2025-8067)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-28 14:47 – Updated: 2026-06-25 02:05
VLAI
Title
Udisks: out-of-bounds read in udisks daemon
Summary
A flaw was found in the Udisks daemon, where it allows unprivileged users to create loop devices using the D-BUS system. This is achieved via the loop device handler, which handles requests sent through the D-BUS interface. As two of the parameters of this handle, it receives the file descriptor list and index specifying the file where the loop device should be backed. The function itself validates the index value to ensure it isn't bigger than the maximum value allowed. However, it fails to validate the lower bound, allowing the index parameter to be a negative value. Under these circumstances, an attacker can cause the UDisks daemon to crash or perform a local privilege escalation by gaining access to files owned by privileged users.
Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
storaged-project udisks Affected: 0 , < 2.10.2 (semver)
Affected: 2.10.3 , < 2.10.91 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 Unaffected: 0:2.10.90-5.el10_0.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.0
 Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support Unaffected: 0:2.8.4-1.el7_9.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7
 Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Unaffected: 0:2.9.0-16.el8_10.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::crb
 Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support Unaffected: 0:2.8.3-2.el8_2.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.2::appstream
 Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support Unaffected: 0:2.9.0-6.el8_4.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstream
 Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On Unaffected: 0:2.9.0-6.el8_4.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstream
 Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support Unaffected: 0:2.9.0-9.el8_6.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6::appstream
 Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service Unaffected: 0:2.9.0-9.el8_6.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6::appstream
 Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:2.9.0-9.el8_6.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6::appstream
 Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service Unaffected: 0:2.9.0-13.el8_8.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:2.9.0-13.el8_8.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Unaffected: 0:2.9.4-11.el9_6.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::crb
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:2.9.4-3.el9_0.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0::appstream
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:2.9.4-7.el9_2.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::appstream
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support Unaffected: 0:2.9.4-10.el9_4.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::crb
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
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Red Hat Red Hat In-Vehicle Operating System 1     cpe:/o:redhat:rhivos:1
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Date Public
2025-08-28 14:42
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank Michael Imfeld (born0monday) for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8298 (GCVE-0-2025-8298)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-02 20:02 – Updated: 2025-09-03 14:50
VLAI
Title
Realtek RTL8811AU rtwlanu.sys N6CQueryInformationHandleCustomized11nOids Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Realtek RTL8811AU rtwlanu.sys N6CQueryInformationHandleCustomized11nOids Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Realtek RTL8811AU drivers. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the N6CQueryInformationHandleCustomized11nOids function. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the kernel. Was ZDI-CAN-25864.
Severity
3.8 (Low)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Realtek RTL8811AU Affected: 1030.38.712.2019
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-09-02 19:58
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8351 (GCVE-0-2025-8351)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-01 15:51 – Updated: 2026-06-12 22:32
VLAI
Title
Avira antivirus engine heap buffer OOB read when scanning a malformed file
Summary
Heap-based Buffer Overflow, Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Avira Antivirus engine when scanning a malformed file may allow Local Execution of Code or Denial-of-Service of the antivirus engine process. This issue affects Avira Antivirus on Windows, macOS, and Linux for engine builds before 8.3.70.98.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Gen Digital Avira Antivirus Affected: 0 , < 8.3.70.98 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-06-25 08:25
Credits
Mike Zhang, an independent security researcher
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-9032 (GCVE-0-2025-9032)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 22:14 – Updated: 2026-06-15 18:10
VLAI
Title
Avira antivirus engine heap buffer OOB read when scanning a malformed PE file
Summary
Heap buffer out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Avira Antivirus engine when scanning a malformed Windows PE file may allow Local Execution of Code or Denial-of-Service of the antivirus engine process. This issue affects Avira Antivirus on Windows, macOS, and Linux for engine builds before 8.3.70.98.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
GEN
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Gen Digital Avira Antivirus Affected: 0 , < 8.3.70.98 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-08-14 11:32
Credits
Mike Zhang, an independent security researcher
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-9033 (GCVE-0-2025-9033)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 22:15 – Updated: 2026-06-15 18:10
VLAI
Title
Avira antivirus engine heap buffer OOB read when scanning a malformed PDF file (variant 3)
Summary
Heap buffer out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Avira Antivirus engine when scanning a malformed PDF file may allow Local Execution of Code or Denial-of-Service of the antivirus engine process. This issue affects Avira Antivirus on Windows, macOS, and Linux for engine builds before 8.3.70.76.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
GEN
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Gen Digital Avira Antivirus Affected: 0 , < 8.3.70.76 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-08-15 14:33
Credits
Mike Zhang, an independent security researcher
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-9136 (GCVE-0-2025-9136)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 11:32 – Updated: 2025-08-19 13:15
VLAI
Title
libretro RetroArch file_stream.c filestream_vscanf out-of-bounds
Summary
A flaw has been found in libretro RetroArch 1.18.0/1.19.0/1.20.0. This affects the function filestream_vscanf of the file libretro-common/streams/file_stream.c. This manipulation causes out-of-bounds read. The attack needs to be launched locally. Upgrading to version 1.21.0 mitigates this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
libretro RetroArch Affected: 1.18.0
Affected: 1.19.0
Affected: 1.20.0
Unaffected: 1.21.0
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Simcha Kosman simkca (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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                "timestamp": "2025-08-19T13:15:00.564640Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-08-19T13:15:15.055Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.617657"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "RetroArch",
          "vendor": "libretro",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.18.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.19.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.20.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "1.21.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Simcha Kosman"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "simkca (VulDB User)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A flaw has been found in libretro RetroArch 1.18.0/1.19.0/1.20.0. This affects the function filestream_vscanf of the file libretro-common/streams/file_stream.c. This manipulation causes out-of-bounds read. The attack needs to be launched locally. Upgrading to version 1.21.0 mitigates this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component."
        },
        {
          "lang": "de",
          "value": "Eine Schwachstelle wurde in libretro RetroArch 1.18.0/1.19.0/1.20.0 gefunden. Betroffen davon ist die Funktion filestream_vscanf der Datei libretro-common/streams/file_stream.c. Dank der Manipulation mit unbekannten Daten kann eine out-of-bounds read-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Angriff muss lokal erfolgen. Das Problem kann durch ein Upgrade auf Version 1.21.0 adressiert werden. Es wird empfohlen, die betroffene Komponente zu aktualisieren."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 4.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 4.3,
            "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:ND/RL:OF/RC:C",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-125",
              "description": "Out-of-Bounds Read",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-119",
              "description": "Memory Corruption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-08-19T11:32:08.147Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-320516 | libretro RetroArch file_stream.c filestream_vscanf out-of-bounds",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.320516"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-320516 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.320516"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #617657 | libretro RetroArch v1.20.0/v1.19.0/v1.18.0 Out-of-Bounds Read",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.617657"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/libretro/RetroArch/pull/17555"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/libretro/RetroArch/pull/17555#issuecomment-2651403849"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking",
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/libretro/RetroArch/pull/17555/commits/6446f045ec7fc6a5cac3e8ec35a2f0a5889c88e8"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/libretro/RetroArch/releases/tag/v1.21.0"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-19T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-19T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-19T07:36:02.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "libretro RetroArch file_stream.c filestream_vscanf out-of-bounds"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-9136",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-19T11:32:08.147Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-08-19T05:30:17.042Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-08-19T13:15:15.055Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation ID: MIT-5

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Description:

  • Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

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