Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11265 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JRQ9-FH3P-H9G6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-28 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-28 21:31
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, Pages 15.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1. Processing a maliciously crafted Pages document may result in unexpected termination or disclosure of process memory.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46316"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-28T18:16:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, Pages 15.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1. Processing a maliciously crafted Pages document may result in unexpected termination or disclosure of process memory.",
"id": "GHSA-jrq9-fh3p-h9g6",
"modified": "2026-01-28T21:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-01-28T18:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125634"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126255"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRQP-JJ3R-GR59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-29 21:32 – Updated: 2026-06-30 00:31
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds access issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.5.2, iOS 26.5.2 and iPadOS 26.5.2, macOS Tahoe 26.5.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43676"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-29T20:17:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds access issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.5.2, iOS 26.5.2 and iPadOS 26.5.2, macOS Tahoe 26.5.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash.",
"id": "GHSA-jrqp-jj3r-gr59",
"modified": "2026-06-30T00:31:28Z",
"published": "2026-06-29T21:32:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127594"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127685"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRRP-87J9-7387
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:24 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:24
VLAI
Details
In the PatternMatch function in fontfile/fontdir.c in libXfont through 1.5.2 and 2.x before 2.0.2, an attacker with access to an X connection can cause a buffer over-read during pattern matching of fonts, leading to information disclosure or a crash (denial of service). This occurs because '\0' characters are incorrectly skipped in situations involving ? characters.
Severity
7.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-13720"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-11T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the PatternMatch function in fontfile/fontdir.c in libXfont through 1.5.2 and 2.x before 2.0.2, an attacker with access to an X connection can cause a buffer over-read during pattern matching of fonts, leading to information disclosure or a crash (denial of service). This occurs because \u0027\\0\u0027 characters are incorrectly skipped in situations involving ? characters.",
"id": "GHSA-jrrp-87j9-7387",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:24:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:24:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1500690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1054285"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libXfont/commit/?id=d1e670a4a8704b8708e493ab6155589bcd570608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201711-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.x.org/releases/individual/lib/libXfont2-2.0.2.tar.bz2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3995"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRV3-F6MQ-763R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-04 03:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 21:30
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in visionOS 26.1, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, watchOS 26.1, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, tvOS 26.1. Processing a maliciously crafted media file may lead to unexpected app termination or corrupt process memory.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43445"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-04T02:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in visionOS 26.1, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, watchOS 26.1, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, tvOS 26.1. Processing a maliciously crafted media file may lead to unexpected app termination or corrupt process memory.",
"id": "GHSA-jrv3-f6mq-763r",
"modified": "2025-12-17T21:30:37Z",
"published": "2025-11-04T03:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125633"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125634"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125639"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRV4-GGGM-R53C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-15 00:00 – Updated: 2024-11-22 12:39
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds read/write vulnerability was found in e2fsprogs 1.46.5. This issue leads to a segmentation fault and possibly arbitrary code execution via a specially crafted filesystem.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1304"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-14T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read/write vulnerability was found in e2fsprogs 1.46.5. This issue leads to a segmentation fault and possibly arbitrary code execution via a specially crafted filesystem.",
"id": "GHSA-jrv4-gggm-r53c",
"modified": "2024-11-22T12:39:07Z",
"published": "2022-04-15T00:00:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1304"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:7720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:8361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-1304"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2069726"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/10/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241122-0010"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRVF-VCCR-MVP6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-11 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:32
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in psi/zfile.c in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.04.0. Out-of-bounds data access in filenameforall can lead to arbitrary code execution.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46956"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-10T22:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in psi/zfile.c in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.04.0. Out-of-bounds data access in filenameforall can lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-jrvf-vccr-mvp6",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:02Z",
"published": "2024-11-11T00:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=707895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cgit.ghostscript.com/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/ghostpdl.git/commit/?id=f4151f12db32cd3ed26c24327de714bf2c3ed6ca"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/ghostpdl/blob/master/doc/News.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/11/msg00023.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.suse.com/support/update/announcement/2024/suse-su-20243942-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRW3-VMVW-GW3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-17 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-17 21:31
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the EMF functionality of Canva Affinity. By using a specially crafted EMF file, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to perform an out-of-bounds read, potentially leading to the disclosure of sensitive information.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62403"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-17T19:15:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the EMF functionality of Canva Affinity. By using a specially crafted EMF file, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to perform an out-of-bounds read, potentially leading to the disclosure of sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-jrw3-vmvw-gw3c",
"modified": "2026-03-17T21:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-03-17T21:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62403"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2321"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://trust.canva.com/?tcuUid=1f728b0d-17f3-4c9c-97e9-6662b769eb62"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2321"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRW9-9G4G-6HXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2023-03-12 00:30
VLAI
Details
The PALM image coder at coders/palm.c makes an improper call to AcquireQuantumMemory() in routine WritePALMImage() because it needs to be offset by 256. This can cause a out-of-bounds read later on in the routine. The patch adds 256 to bytes_per_row in the call to AcquireQuantumMemory(). This could cause impact to reliability. This flaw affects ImageMagick versions prior to 7.0.8-68.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25665"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-08T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The PALM image coder at coders/palm.c makes an improper call to AcquireQuantumMemory() in routine WritePALMImage() because it needs to be offset by 256. This can cause a out-of-bounds read later on in the routine. The patch adds 256 to bytes_per_row in the call to AcquireQuantumMemory(). This could cause impact to reliability. This flaw affects ImageMagick versions prior to 7.0.8-68.",
"id": "GHSA-jrw9-9g4g-6hxf",
"modified": "2023-03-12T00:30:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1891606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/01/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/03/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRX3-7W53-466R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-28 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:31
VLAI
Details
In HeifDecoderImpl::getScanline of HeifDecoderImpl.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.
Severity
5.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-13317"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-28T17:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In HeifDecoderImpl::getScanline of HeifDecoderImpl.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-jrx3-7w53-466r",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:31:03Z",
"published": "2025-01-28T18:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2018-05-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRXJ-MM3C-M6GG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-27 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-10 21:30
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
NFS: fs_context: validate UDP retrans to prevent shift out-of-bounds
Fix shift out-of-bounds in xprt_calc_majortimeo(). This is caused by a garbage timeout (retrans) mount option being passed to nfs mount, in this case from syzkaller.
If the protocol is XPRT_TRANSPORT_UDP, then 'retrans' is a shift value for a 64-bit long integer, so 'retrans' cannot be >= 64. If it is >= 64, fail the mount and return an error.
Severity
7.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46952"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-27T19:04:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nNFS: fs_context: validate UDP retrans to prevent shift out-of-bounds\n\nFix shift out-of-bounds in xprt_calc_majortimeo(). This is caused\nby a garbage timeout (retrans) mount option being passed to nfs mount,\nin this case from syzkaller.\n\nIf the protocol is XPRT_TRANSPORT_UDP, then \u0027retrans\u0027 is a shift\nvalue for a 64-bit long integer, so \u0027retrans\u0027 cannot be \u003e= 64.\nIf it is \u003e= 64, fail the mount and return an error.",
"id": "GHSA-jrxj-mm3c-m6gg",
"modified": "2024-04-10T21:30:29Z",
"published": "2024-02-27T21:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46952"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f3380121d49e829fb73ba86240c181bc32ad897"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d0163821c035040a46d816a42c0780f0f0a30a8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/96fa26b74cdcf9f5c98996bf36bec9fb5b19ffe2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c09f11ef35955785f92369e25819bf0629df2e59"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.