CWE-1274

Improper Access Control for Volatile Memory Containing Boot Code

The product conducts a secure-boot process that transfers bootloader code from Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) into Volatile Memory (VM), but it does not have sufficient access control or other protections for the Volatile Memory.

CVE-2022-2482 (GCVE-0-2022-2482)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-06 21:03 – Updated: 2025-01-16 22:03
VLAI?
Summary
A vulnerability exists in Nokia’s ASIK AirScale system module (versions 474021A.101 and 474021A.102) that could allow an attacker to place a script on the file system accessible from Linux. A script placed in the appropriate place could allow for arbitrary code execution in the bootloader.
Severity ?
8.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-1274 - Improper Access Control for Volatile Memory Containing Boot Code
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Nokia ASIK AirScale Affected: 474021A.101
Affected: 474021A.102
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Joel Cretan Red Balloon Security
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-2484 (GCVE-0-2022-2484)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-06 21:05 – Updated: 2025-01-16 22:02
VLAI?
Summary
The signature check in the Nokia ASIK AirScale system module version 474021A.101 can be bypassed allowing an attacker to run modified firmware. This could result in the execution of a malicious kernel, arbitrary programs, or modified Nokia programs.
Severity ?
8.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-1274 - Improper Access Control for Volatile Memory Containing Boot Code
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Nokia ASIK AirScale Affected: 474021A.101
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Joel Cretan Red Balloon Security
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-31345 (GCVE-0-2023-31345)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-11 23:49 – Updated: 2025-09-23 21:25
VLAI?
Summary
Improper input validation in the SMM handler may allow a privileged attacker to overwrite SMRAM, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.
Severity ?
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-1274 - Improper Access Control for Volatile Memory Containing Boot Code
Assigner
AMD
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AMD AMD EPYC™ 7003 Processors Affected: MilanPI 1.0.0.C
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD EPYC™ 9004 Processors Unaffected: GenoaPI 1.0.0.B
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Instinct™ MI300A Unaffected: MI300API 1.0.0.5
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 3000 Series Desktop Processors Unaffected: ComboAM4v2PI 1.2.0.C
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Desktop Processors Unaffected: ComboAM4v2PI 1.2.0.C
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Desktop Processor with Radeon™ Graphics Unaffected: ComboAM4v2PI 1.2.0.C
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 7000 Series Desktop Processors Unaffected: ComboAM5 1.1.0.2
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 4000 Series Desktop Processor with Radeon™ Graphics Unaffected: ComboAM4v2PI 1.2.0.C
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 8000 Series Processor with Radeon™ Graphics Unaffected: ComboAM5 1.1.0.2
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ Threadripper™ PRO 5000WX- Series Desktop Processors Unaffected: ChagallWSPI-sWRX8 1.0.0.7
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Athlon™ 3000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics Unaffected: "Pollock-FT5 1.0.0.7"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 3000 Series Mobile Processor with Radeon™ Graphics Unaffected: "Picasso-FP5 1.0.1.1"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 4000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics Unaffected: "RenoirPI-FP6 1.0.0.D"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Processors with Radeon™ Graphics Unaffected: "Cezanne-FP6 1.0.1.0"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 7020 Series Processors with Radeon™ Graphics Unaffected: "MendocinoPI-FT6 1.0.0.6"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 6000 Series Processor with Radeon™ Graphics Unaffected: "Rembrandt-FP7 1.0.0.A"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 7035 Series Processor with Radeon™ Graphics Unaffected: "Rembrandt-FP7 1.0.0.A"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 7040 Series Processors with Radeon™ Graphics Unaffected: "PhoenixPI-FP8-FP7 1.1.0.2"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ 7000 Series Mobile Processors Unaffected: "DragonRangeFL1PI 1.0.0.3C"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD EPYC™ Embedded 7003 Unaffected: "EmbMilanPI-SP3 1.0.0.8"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD EPYC™ Embedded 9004 Unaffected: EmbGenoaPI-SP5 1.0.0.6
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ Embedded 5000 Unaffected: "EmbAM4PI 1.0.0.5"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ Embedded 7000 Unaffected: EmbeddedAM5PI 1.0.0.1
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V2000 Unaffected: "EmbeddedPI-FP6 1.0.0.9"
Create a notification for this product.
    AMD AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V3000 Unaffected: "Embedded-PI FP7r2 1.0.0.9"
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-4043 (GCVE-0-2025-4043)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-07 20:25 – Updated: 2025-05-08 15:12
VLAI?
Summary
An admin user can gain unauthorized write access to the /etc/rc.local file on the device, which is executed on a system boot.
Severity ?
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Milesight UG65-868M-EA Affected: 0 , < 60.0.0.46 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Joe Lovett of Pen Test Partners reported this vulnerability to CISA.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Ensure that the design of volatile-memory protections is enough to prevent modification from an adversary or untrusted code.
Mitigation

Phase: Testing

Description:

  • Test the volatile-memory protections to ensure they are safe from modification or untrusted code.
CAPEC-456: Infected Memory

An adversary inserts malicious logic into memory enabling them to achieve a negative impact. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-679: Exploitation of Improperly Configured or Implemented Memory Protections

An adversary takes advantage of missing or incorrectly configured access control within memory to read/write data or inject malicious code into said memory.

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