CWE-1333

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.

CVE-2026-22691 (GCVE-0-2026-22691)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 04:46 – Updated: 2026-01-12 16:48
VLAI
Title
pypdf has possible long runtimes for malformed startxref
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to version 6.6.0, pypdf has possible long runtimes for malformed startxref. An attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to possibly long runtimes for invalid startxref entries. When rebuilding the cross-reference table, PDF files with lots of whitespace characters become problematic. Only the non-strict reading mode is affected. Only the non-strict reading mode is affected. This issue has been patched in version 6.6.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
py-pdf pypdf Affected: < 6.6.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-22809 (GCVE-0-2026-22809)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 19:36 – Updated: 2026-01-13 19:47
VLAI
Title
tarteaucitron.js has Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability
Summary
tarteaucitron.js is a compliant and accessible cookie banner. Prior to 1.29.0, a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability was identified in tarteaucitron.js in the handling of the issuu_id parameter. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.29.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AmauriC tarteaucitron.js Affected: < 1.29.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23897 (GCVE-0-2026-23897)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-04 19:18 – Updated: 2026-02-04 19:55
VLAI
Title
Apollo Server is vulnerable to denial of service with `startStandaloneServer`
Summary
Apollo Server is an open-source, spec-compliant GraphQL server that's compatible with any GraphQL client, including Apollo Client. In versions from 2.0.0 to 3.13.0, 4.2.0 to before 4.13.0, and 5.0.0 to before 5.4.0, the default configuration of startStandaloneServer from @apollo/server/standalone is vulnerable to denial of service (DoS) attacks through specially crafted request bodies with exotic character set encodings. This issue does not affect users that use @apollo/server as a dependency for integration packages, like @as-integrations/express5 or @as-integrations/next, only direct usage of startStandaloneServer.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
apollographql apollo-server Affected: >= 2.0.0, <= 3.13.0
Affected: >= 4.2.0, < 4.13.0
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23956 (GCVE-0-2026-23956)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 01:23 – Updated: 2026-05-20 00:53
VLAI
Title
seroval affected by Denial of Service via RegExp serialization
Summary
seroval facilitates JS value stringification, including complex structures beyond JSON.stringify capabilities. In versions 0.2.0 through 1.4.0, overriding RegExp serialization with extremely large patterns can exhaust JavaScript runtime memory during deserialization. Additionally, overriding RegExp serialization with patterns that trigger catastrophic backtracking can lead to ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service). This issue has been fixed in version 1.4.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lxsmnsyc seroval Affected: >= 0.2.0, < 1.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-24001 (GCVE-0-2026-24001)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 02:23 – Updated: 2026-02-03 16:03
VLAI
Title
jsdiff has a Denial of Service vulnerability in parsePatch and applyPatch
Summary
jsdiff is a JavaScript text differencing implementation. Prior to versions 8.0.3, 5.2.2, 4.0.4, and 3.5.1, attempting to parse a patch whose filename headers contain the line break characters `\r`, `\u2028`, or `\u2029` can cause the `parsePatch` method to enter an infinite loop. It then consumes memory without limit until the process crashes due to running out of memory. Applications are therefore likely to be vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack if they call `parsePatch` with a user-provided patch as input. A large payload is not needed to trigger the vulnerability, so size limits on user input do not provide any protection. Furthermore, some applications may be vulnerable even when calling `parsePatch` on a patch generated by the application itself if the user is nonetheless able to control the filename headers (e.g. by directly providing the filenames of the files to be diffed). The `applyPatch` method is similarly affected if (and only if) called with a string representation of a patch as an argument, since under the hood it parses that string using `parsePatch`. Other methods of the library are unaffected. Finally, a second and lesser interdependent bug - a ReDOS - also exhibits when those same line break characters are present in a patch's *patch* header (also known as its "leading garbage"). A maliciously-crafted patch header of length *n* can take `parsePatch` O(*n*³) time to parse. Versions 8.0.3, 5.2.2, 4.0.4, and 3.5.1 contain a fix. As a workaround, do not attempt to parse patches that contain any of these characters: `\r`, `\u2028`, or `\u2029`.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kpdecker jsdiff Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 8.0.3
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.2.2
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.4
Affected: < 3.5.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-25547 (GCVE-0-2026-25547)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-04 21:51 – Updated: 2026-02-05 14:31
VLAI
Title
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in @isaacs/brace-expansion
Summary
@isaacs/brace-expansion is a hybrid CJS/ESM TypeScript fork of brace-expansion. Prior to version 5.0.1, @isaacs/brace-expansion is vulnerable to a denial of service (DoS) issue caused by unbounded brace range expansion. When an attacker provides a pattern containing repeated numeric brace ranges, the library attempts to eagerly generate every possible combination synchronously. Because the expansion grows exponentially, even a small input can consume excessive CPU and memory and may crash the Node.js process. This issue has been patched in version 5.0.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
isaacs brace-expansion Affected: < 5.0.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-26006 (GCVE-0-2026-26006)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 21:21 – Updated: 2026-02-11 21:27
VLAI
Title
Redos (Regular Expression Denial of Service) at Code Extraction Block in significant-gravitas/autogpt
Summary
AutoGPT is a platform that allows users to create, deploy, and manage continuous artificial intelligence agents that automate complex workflows. The autogpt before 0.6.32 is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service due to the use of regex at Code Extraction Block. The two Regex are used containing the corresponding dangerous patterns \s+[\s\S]*? and \s+(.*?). They share a common characteristic — the combination of two adjacent quantifiers that can match the same space character (\s). As a result, an attacker can supply a long sequence of space characters to trigger excessive regex backtracking, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.6.32.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Significant-Gravitas AutoGPT Affected: >= 0.4.0, < 0.6.32
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-26936 (GCVE-0-2026-26936)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-26 17:07 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:28
VLAI
Title
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in Kibana Leading to Denial of Service
Summary
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity (CWE-1333) in the AI Inference Anonymization Engine in Kibana can lead Denial of Service via Regular Expression Exponential Blowup (CAPEC-492).
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Elastic Kibana Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.2.4 (semver)
Affected: 8.0.0 , ≤ 8.19.10 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-26996 (GCVE-0-2026-26996)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 03:05 – Updated: 2026-02-20 15:34
VLAI
Title
minimatch has a ReDoS via repeated wildcards with non-matching literal in pattern
Summary
minimatch is a minimal matching utility for converting glob expressions into JavaScript RegExp objects. Versions 10.2.0 and below are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) when a glob pattern contains many consecutive * wildcards followed by a literal character that doesn't appear in the test string. Each * compiles to a separate [^/]*? regex group, and when the match fails, V8's regex engine backtracks exponentially across all possible splits. The time complexity is O(4^N) where N is the number of * characters. With N=15, a single minimatch() call takes ~2 seconds. With N=34, it hangs effectively forever. Any application that passes user-controlled strings to minimatch() as the pattern argument is vulnerable to DoS. This issue has been fixed in version 10.2.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
isaacs minimatch Affected: < 10.2.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-27904 (GCVE-0-2026-27904)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-26 01:07 – Updated: 2026-02-26 19:21
VLAI
Title
minimatch ReDoS: nested *() extglobs generate catastrophically backtracking regular expressions
Summary
minimatch is a minimal matching utility for converting glob expressions into JavaScript RegExp objects. Prior to version 10.2.3, 9.0.7, 8.0.6, 7.4.8, 6.2.2, 5.1.8, 4.2.5, and 3.1.4, nested `*()` extglobs produce regexps with nested unbounded quantifiers (e.g. `(?:(?:a|b)*)*`), which exhibit catastrophic backtracking in V8. With a 12-byte pattern `*(*(*(a|b)))` and an 18-byte non-matching input, `minimatch()` stalls for over 7 seconds. Adding a single nesting level or a few input characters pushes this to minutes. This is the most severe finding: it is triggered by the default `minimatch()` API with no special options, and the minimum viable pattern is only 12 bytes. The same issue affects `+()` extglobs equally. Versions 10.2.3, 9.0.7, 8.0.6, 7.4.8, 6.2.2, 5.1.8, 4.2.5, and 3.1.4 fix the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
isaacs minimatch Affected: >= 10.0.0, < 10.2.3
Affected: >= 9.0.0, < 9.0.7
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.0.6
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.4.8
Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.2.2
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.1.8
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.2.5
Affected: < 3.1.4
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
Mitigation

Phase: System Configuration

Description:

  • Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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