CWE-178

Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity

The product does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.

CVE-2026-29054 (GCVE-0-2026-29054)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-05 16:18 – Updated: 2026-03-06 16:11
VLAI
Title
Traefik: lowercase `Connection` tokens can delete traefik-managed forwarded identity headers (for example, `X-Real-Ip`)
Summary
Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. From version 2.11.9 to 2.11.37 and from version 3.1.3 to 3.6.8, there is a potential vulnerability in Traefik managing the Connection header with X-Forwarded headers. When Traefik processes HTTP/1.1 requests, the protection put in place to prevent the removal of Traefik-managed X-Forwarded headers (such as X-Real-Ip, X-Forwarded-Host, X-Forwarded-Port, etc.) via the Connection header does not handle case sensitivity correctly. The Connection tokens are compared case-sensitively against the protected header names, but the actual header deletion operates case-insensitively. As a result, a remote unauthenticated client can use lowercase Connection tokens (e.g. Connection: x-real-ip) to bypass the protection and trigger the removal of Traefik-managed forwarded identity headers. This issue has been patched in versions 2.11.38 and 3.6.9.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
traefik traefik Affected: >= 2.11.9, < 2.11.38
Affected: >= 3.1.3, < 3.6.9
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-32939 (GCVE-0-2026-32939)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 03:27 – Updated: 2026-03-20 16:28
VLAI
Title
DataEase is Vulnerable to H2 JDBC RCE Bypass
Summary
DataEase is an open source data visualization analysis tool. Versions 2.10.19 and below have inconsistent Locale handling between the JDBC URL validation logic and the H2 JDBC engine's internal parsing. DataEase uses String.toUpperCase() without specifying an explicit Locale, causing its security checks to rely on the JVM's default runtime locale, while H2 JDBC always normalizes URLs using Locale.ENGLISH. In Turkish locale environments (tr_TR), Java converts the lowercase letter i to İ (dotted capital I) instead of the standard I, so a malicious parameter like iNIT becomes İNIT in DataEase's filter (bypassing its blacklist) while H2 still correctly interprets it as INIT. This discrepancy allows attackers to smuggle dangerous JDBC parameters past DataEase's security validation, and the issue has been confirmed as exploitable in real DataEase deployment scenarios running under affected regional settings. The issue has been fixed in version 2.10.20.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dataease dataease Affected: < 2.10.20
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-33691 (GCVE-0-2026-33691)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-02 15:03 – Updated: 2026-04-18 19:16
VLAI
Title
OWASP CRS: Whitespace padding in filenames bypasses file upload extension checks
Summary
The OWASP core rule set (CRS) is a set of generic attack detection rules for use with compatible web application firewalls. Prior to versions 3.3.9 and 4.25.0, a bypass was identified in OWASP CRS that allows uploading files with dangerous extensions (.php, .phar, .jsp, .jspx) by inserting whitespace padding in the filename (e.g. photo. php or shell.jsp ). The affected rules do not normalize whitespace before evaluating the file extension regex, so the dot-extension check fails to match. This issue has been patched in versions 3.3.9 and 4.25.0.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
coreruleset coreruleset Affected: < 3.3.9
Affected: >= 4.0.0-rc1, < 4.25.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-3532 (GCVE-0-2026-3532)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 20:04 – Updated: 2026-03-27 13:53
VLAI
Title
OpenID Connect / OAuth client - Less critical - Access bypass - SA-CONTRIB-2026-027
Summary
Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Drupal OpenID Connect / OAuth client allows Privilege Escalation.This issue affects OpenID Connect / OAuth client: from 0.0.0 before 1.5.0.
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Drupal OpenID Connect / OAuth client Affected: 0.0.0 , < 1.5.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-03-04 18:02
Credits
Eric Smith (ericgsmith) Philip Frilling (pfrilling) Greg Knaddison (greggles) Drew Webber (mcdruid) Juraj Nemec (poker10)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-3833 (GCVE-0-2026-3833)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-30 17:37 – Updated: 2026-05-27 02:17
VLAI
Title
Gnutls: gnutls: policy bypass due to case-sensitive nameconstraints comparison
Summary
A flaw was found in gnutls. This vulnerability occurs because gnutls performs case-sensitive comparisons of `nameConstraints` labels, specifically for `dNSName` (DNS) or `rfc822Name` (email) constraints within `excludedSubtrees` or `permittedSubtrees`. A remote attacker can exploit this by crafting a leaf certificate with casing differences in the Subject Alternative Name (SAN), leading to a policy bypass where a certificate that should be rejected is instead accepted. This could result in unauthorized access or information disclosure.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 3.8.13 (semver)
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Unaffected: 0:3.6.16-8.el8_10.6 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Unaffected: 0:3.6.16-8.el8_10.6 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos
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Red Hat Red Hat Hardened Images Unaffected: 3.8.13-1.hum1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4
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Date Public
2026-04-30 17:26
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40453 (GCVE-0-2026-40453)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-27 08:23 – Updated: 2026-04-28 03:55
VLAI
Title
Apache Camel JMS, Apache Camel CoAP, Apache Camel Google PubSub: Incomplete fix for CVE-2025-27636 in non-HTTP HeaderFilterStrategies (camel-jms, camel-sjms, camel-coap, camel-google-pubsub) allows case-variant header injection
Summary
The fix for CVE-2025-27636 added setLowerCase(true) to HttpHeaderFilterStrategy so that case-variant header names such as 'CAmelExecCommandExecutable' are filtered out alongside 'CamelExecCommandExecutable'. The same setLowerCase(true) call was not applied to five non-HTTP HeaderFilterStrategy implementations: JmsHeaderFilterStrategy and ClassicJmsHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-jms, SjmsHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-sjms, CoAPHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-coap, and GooglePubsubHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-google-pubsub. Because those strategies use case-sensitive String.startsWith('Camel'/'camel') filtering while the Camel Exchange stores headers in a case-insensitive map, an attacker with JMS (or equivalent) producer access to the broker consumed by a Camel route can inject case-variant Camel internal headers, which are then resolved by downstream components such as camel-exec and camel-file using their canonical casing. This enables remote code execution and arbitrary file write on routes that forward JMS messages to header-driven components. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 3.0.0 before 4.14.6, from 4.15.0 before 4.18.2, from 4.19.0 before 4.20.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.20.0, which fixes the issue. If users are on the 4.14.x LTS releases stream, then they are suggested to upgrade to 4.14.6. If users are on the 4.18.x releases stream, then they are suggested to upgrade to 4.18.2.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Camel JMS Affected: 3.0.0 , < 4.14.6 (semver)
Affected: 4.15.0 , < 4.18.2 (semver)
Affected: 4.19.0 , < 4.20.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Apache Software Foundation Apache Camel CoAP Affected: 3.0.0 , < 4.14.6 (semver)
Affected: 4.15.0 , < 4.18.2 (semver)
Affected: 4.19.0 , < 4.20.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Apache Software Foundation Apache Camel Google PubSub Affected: 3.0.0 , < 4.14.6 (semver)
Affected: 4.15.0 , < 4.18.2 (semver)
Affected: 4.19.0 , < 4.20.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Saroj Khadka
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-42272 (GCVE-0-2026-42272)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 03:40 – Updated: 2026-05-08 23:12
VLAI
Title
Heimdall: Case-sensitive handling of URL-encoded slashes may lead to inconsistent path interpretation
Summary
Heimdall is a cloud native Identity Aware Proxy and Access Control Decision service. Prior to version 0.17.14, Heimdall handles URL-encoded slashes (%2F) in a case-sensitive manner, while percent-encoding is defined to be case-insensitive. As a result, the lowercase equivalent (%2f) is not recognized and therefore not processed as expected when allow_encoded_slashes is set to off (the default setting). This discrepancy can lead to differences in how request paths are interpreted by heimdall and upstream components, which may result in authorization bypass. This issue has been patched in version 0.17.14.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-436 - Interpretation Conflict
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dadrus heimdall Affected: < 0.17.14
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-42273 (GCVE-0-2026-42273)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 03:42 – Updated: 2026-05-08 10:40
VLAI
Title
Heimdall: Case-sensitive host matching may lead to policy bypass
Summary
Heimdall is a cloud native Identity Aware Proxy and Access Control Decision service. Prior to version 0.17.14, Heimdall performs host matching in a case-sensitive manner, while HTTP hostnames are case-insensitive. This discrepancy can result in heimdall failing to match a rule for a request host that differs only in letter casing, potentially causing the request to be classified differently than intended. This issue has been patched in version 0.17.14.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-436 - Interpretation Conflict
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dadrus heimdall Affected: < 0.17.14
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-43513 (GCVE-0-2026-43513)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 15:26 – Updated: 2026-05-14 19:53
VLAI
Title
Apache Tomcat: LockOutRealm treats user names as case-sensitive
Summary
Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in LockOutRealm in Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.21, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.54, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.117, from 8.5.0 through 8.5.100, from 7.0.0 through 7.0.109. Older unsupported versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.22, 10.1.55 or 9.0.118 which fix the issue.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Tomcat Affected: 11.0.0-M1 , ≤ 11.0.21 (semver)
Affected: 10.1.0-M1 , ≤ 10.1.54 (semver)
Affected: 9.0.0.M1 , ≤ 9.0.117 (semver)
Affected: 8.5.0 , ≤ 8.5.100 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.109 (semver)
Unknown: 0 , < 7.00 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-47323 (GCVE-0-2026-47323)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-19 12:25 – Updated: 2026-05-21 03:55
VLAI
Title
Apache Camel: Camel-CXF Message Header Injection via Missing Inbound Filtering
Summary
Camel-CXF and Camel-Knative Message Header Injection via Missing Inbound Filtering The CXF and Knative HeaderFilterStrategy implementations (CxfRsHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-cxf-rest, CxfHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-cxf-transport, and KnativeHttpHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-knative-http) only filter outbound Camel-internal headers via setOutFilterStartsWith, while not configuring inbound filtering via setInFilterStartsWith. As a result, an unauthenticated attacker can inject Camel-internal headers (e.g. CamelExecCommandExecutable, CamelFileName) via HTTP requests to CXF-RS or CXF-SOAP endpoints. When a route forwards messages from these endpoints to header-driven components such as camel-exec or camel-file, the injected headers override configured values, enabling remote code execution or arbitrary file writes. This is the same pattern that was previously addressed in camel-undertow (CVE-2025-30177), the broader incoming-header filter (CVE-2025-27636 and CVE-2025-29891), and non-HTTP strategies (CVE-2026-40453). This issue affects Apache Camel: from 3.18.0 before 4.14.6, from 4.15.0 before 4.18.2. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.19.0, which fixes the issue. If users are on the 4.18.x LTS releases stream, then they are suggested to upgrade to 4.18.2. If users are on the 4.14.x LTS releases stream, then they are suggested to upgrade to 4.14.6.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Camel Affected: 3.18.0 , < 4.14.6 (semver)
Affected: 4.15.0 , < 4.18.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Quac Tran
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation ID: MIT-44

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Avoid making decisions based on names of resources (e.g. files) if those resources can have alternate names.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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