CWE-346
Origin Validation Error
The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
CVE-2025-59957 (GCVE-0-2025-59957)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-09 15:43 – Updated: 2025-10-09 19:49
VLAI
Title
Junos OS: EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series: An attacker with physical access can open a persistent backdoor
Summary
An Origin Validation Error vulnerability in an insufficient protected file of Juniper Networks Junos OS on EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series allows an unauthenticated attacker with physical access to the device to create a backdoor which allows complete control of the system.
When a device isn't configured with a root password, an attacker can modify a specific file. It's contents will be added to the Junos configuration of the device without being visible. This allows for the addition of any configuration unknown
to the actual operator, which includes users, IP addresses and other configuration which could allow unauthorized access to the device.
This exploit is persistent across reboots and even zeroization.
The indicator of compromise is a modified /etc/config/<platform>-defaults[-flex].conf file. Review that file for unexpected configuration statements, or compare it to an unmodified version which can be extracted from the original Juniper software image file. For details on the extraction procedure please contact Juniper Technical Assistance Center (JTAC).
To restore the device to a trusted initial configuration the system needs to be reinstalled from physical media.
This issue affects Junos OS on EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series:
* All versions before 21.4R3,
* 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA103146 | vendor-advisory |
| https://supportportal.juniper.net/s/article/EX-QF… | technical-description |
| https://support.juniper.net/support/requesting-support/ | technical-description |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
0 , < 21.4R3
(semver)
Affected: 22.2 , < 22.2R3-S3 (semver) |
Date Public
2025-10-08 12:20
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CVE-2025-61740 (GCVE-0-2025-61740)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-22 14:32 – Updated: 2025-12-22 16:20
VLAI
Title
Johnson Controls IQ Panels2, 2+, IQHub, IQPanel 4, PowerG Origin Validation Error
Summary
Authentication issue that does not verify the source of a packet which could allow an attacker to create a denial-of-service condition or modify the configuration of the device.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Johnson Controls | IQ Panels2, 2+, IQHub, IQPanel 4, PowerG |
Affected:
IQ Panels2 , ≤ 2
(custom)
Affected: IQ Panels2+ , ≤ 2+ (custom) Affected: IQHub (custom) Affected: IQPanel 4 , ≤ 4.6.0 (custom) Affected: PowerG , ≤ 53.02 (custom) |
Date Public
2025-12-16 14:23
Credits
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CVE-2025-62250 (GCVE-0-2025-62250)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-21 15:40 – Updated: 2025-10-21 16:06
VLAI
Summary
Improper Authentication in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q4.0, 2023.Q3.1 through 2023.Q3.4, 7.4 GA through update 92, 7.3 GA through update 35, and older unsupported versions allows remote attackers to send malicious data to the Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q4.0, 2023.Q3.1 through 2023.Q3.4, 7.4 GA through update 92, 7.3 GA through update 35, and older unsupported versions that will treat it as trusted data via unauthenticated cluster messages.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-62584 (GCVE-0-2025-62584)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-16 06:52 – Updated: 2025-10-16 13:38
VLAI
Summary
Whale browser before 4.33.325.17 allows an attacker to bypass the Same-Origin Policy in a dual-tab environment.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cve.naver.com/detail/cve-2025-62584.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NAVER | NAVER Whale browser |
Unaffected:
4.33.325.17
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-66592 (GCVE-0-2025-66592)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 08:43 – Updated: 2026-06-02 08:20
VLAI
Summary
An origin validation error vulnerability in Synology Active Backup for Business Agent before 3.1.0-4967 allows local users to write arbitrary files with restricted content and conduct denial-of-service during installation.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Synology | Synology Active Backup for Business Agent |
Affected:
* , < 3.1.0-4967
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-66593 (GCVE-0-2025-66593)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 08:43 – Updated: 2026-06-02 08:21
VLAI
Summary
An origin validation error vulnerability in Synology Assistant before 7.0.6-50085 allows local users to write arbitrary files with restricted content and conduct denial-of-service during installation.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Synology | Synology Assistant |
Affected:
* , < 7.0.6-50085
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-68467 (GCVE-0-2025-68467)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-04 21:53 – Updated: 2026-03-10 17:41
VLAI
Title
Dark Reader gives users the ability to request style sheets from local web servers
Summary
Dark Reader is an accessibility browser extension that makes web pages colors dark. The dynamic dark mode feature of the extension works by analyzing the colors of web pages found in CSS style sheet files. In order to analyze cross-origin style sheets (stored on websites different from the original web page), Dark Reader requests such files via a background worker, ensuring the request is performed with no credentials and that the content type of the response is a CSS file. Prior to Dark Reader 4.9.117, this style content was assigned to an HTML Style Element in order to parse and loop through style declarations, and also stored in page's Session Storage for performance gains. This could allow a website author to request a style sheet from a locally running web server, for example by having a link pointing to `http[:]//localhost[:]8080/style[.]css`. The brute force of the host name, port and file name would be unlikely due to performance impact, that would cause the browser tab to hang shortly, but it could be possible to request a style sheet if the full URL was known in advance. As per December 18, 2025 there is no known exploit of the issue. The problem has been fixed in version 4.9.117 on December 3, 2025. The style sheets are now parsed using modern Constructed Style Sheets API and the contents of cross-origin style sheets is no longer stored in page's Session Storage. Version 4.9.118 (December 8, 2025) restricts cross-origin requests to localhost aliases, IP addresses, hosts with ports and non-HTTPS resources. The absolute majority of users have received an update 4.1.117 or 4.9.118 automatically within a week. However users must ensure their automatic updates are not blocked and they are using the latest version of the extension by going to chrome://extensions or about:addons pages in browser settings. Users utilizing manual builds must upgrade to version 4.9.118 and above. Developers using `darkreader` NPM package for their own websites are likely not affected, but must ensure the function passed to `setFetchMethod()` for performing cross-origin requests works within the intended scope. Developers using custom forks of earlier versions of Dark Reader to build other extensions or integrating into their apps or browsers must ensure they perform cross-origin requests safely and the responses are not accessible outside of the app or extension.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/darkreader/darkreader/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| darkreader | darkreader |
Affected:
< 4.9.117
|
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CVE-2025-69235 (GCVE-0-2025-69235)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-30 01:22 – Updated: 2025-12-31 17:15
VLAI
Summary
Whale browser before 4.35.351.12 allows an attacker to bypass the Same-Origin Policy in a sidebar environment.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cve.naver.com/detail/cve-2025-69235.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NAVER | NAVER Whale browser |
Unaffected:
4.35.351.12
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-69258 (GCVE-0-2025-69258)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-08 12:50 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:04
VLAI
Summary
A LoadLibraryEX vulnerability in Trend Micro Apex Central could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to load an attacker-controlled DLL into a key executable, leading to execution of attacker-supplied code under the context of SYSTEM on affected installations.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trend Micro, Inc. | Trend Micro Apex Central |
Affected:
2019 (14.0) , < Build 7190
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:trendmicro:apexcentral:2019:7190:-:*:-:windows:*:* |
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CVE-2025-69259 (GCVE-0-2025-69259)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-08 12:50 – Updated: 2026-01-08 14:58
VLAI
Summary
A message unchecked NULL return value vulnerability in Trend Micro Apex Central could allow a remote attacker to create a denial-of-service condition on affected installations.
Please note: authentication is not required in order to exploit this vulnerability..
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trend Micro, Inc. | Trend Micro Apex Central |
Affected:
2019 (14.0) , < Build 7190
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:trendmicro:apexcentral:2019:7190:-:*:-:windows:*:* |
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-160: Exploit Script-Based APIs
Some APIs support scripting instructions as arguments. Methods that take scripted instructions (or references to scripted instructions) can be very flexible and powerful. However, if an attacker can specify the script that serves as input to these methods they can gain access to a great deal of functionality. For example, HTML pages support <script> tags that allow scripting languages to be embedded in the page and then interpreted by the receiving web browser. If the content provider is malicious, these scripts can compromise the client application. Some applications may even execute the scripts under their own identity (rather than the identity of the user providing the script) which can allow attackers to perform activities that would otherwise be denied to them.
CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-510: SaaS User Request Forgery
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, performs malicious actions against a third-party Software as a Service (SaaS) application (also known as a cloud based application) by leveraging the persistent and implicit trust placed on a trusted user's session. This attack is executed after a trusted user is authenticated into a cloud service, "piggy-backing" on the authenticated session, and exploiting the fact that the cloud service believes it is only interacting with the trusted user. If successful, the actions embedded in the malicious application will be processed and accepted by the targeted SaaS application and executed at the trusted user's privilege level.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-89: Pharming
A pharming attack occurs when the victim is fooled into entering sensitive data into supposedly trusted locations, such as an online bank site or a trading platform. An attacker can impersonate these supposedly trusted sites and have the victim be directed to their site rather than the originally intended one. Pharming does not require script injection or clicking on malicious links for the attack to succeed.