CWE-497
Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere
The product does not properly prevent sensitive system-level information from being accessed by unauthorized actors who do not have the same level of access to the underlying system as the product does.
CVE-2025-9110 (GCVE-0-2025-9110)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-02 15:17 – Updated: 2026-01-02 19:14
VLAI
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
An exposure of sensitive system information to an unauthorized control sphere vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. The remote attackers can then exploit the vulnerability to read application data.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.2.8.3332 build 20251128 and later
QuTS hero h5.2.8.3321 build 20251117 and later
QuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 and later
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.2.x , < 5.2.8.3332 build 20251128
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.2.x , < h5.2.8.3321 build 20251117
(custom)
Affected: h5.3.x , < h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 (custom) |
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-9110",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-02T19:14:27.110080Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-02T19:14:42.164Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "QTS",
"vendor": "QNAP Systems Inc.",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "5.2.8.3332 build 20251128",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.2.x",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "QuTS hero",
"vendor": "QNAP Systems Inc.",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "h5.2.8.3321 build 20251117",
"status": "affected",
"version": "h5.2.x",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912",
"status": "affected",
"version": "h5.3.x",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:qnap_systems_inc.:qts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.2.8.3332_build_20251128",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.2.x",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:qnap_systems_inc.:quts_hero:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "h5.2.8.3321_build_20251117",
"versionStartIncluding": "h5.2.x",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:qnap_systems_inc.:quts_hero:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "h5.3.1.3250_build_20250912",
"versionStartIncluding": "h5.3.x",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Nanyu Zhong @ VARAS IIE"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "An exposure of sensitive system information to an unauthorized control sphere vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. The remote attackers can then exploit the vulnerability to read application data.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:\u003cbr\u003eQTS 5.2.8.3332 build 20251128 and later\u003cbr\u003eQuTS hero h5.2.8.3321 build 20251117 and later\u003cbr\u003eQuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 and later\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "An exposure of sensitive system information to an unauthorized control sphere vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. The remote attackers can then exploit the vulnerability to read application data.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:\nQTS 5.2.8.3332 build 20251128 and later\nQuTS hero h5.2.8.3321 build 20251117 and later\nQuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 and later"
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-131",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-131"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 2.7,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"exploitMaturity": "UNREPORTED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-497",
"description": "CWE-497",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-02T15:17:29.481Z",
"orgId": "2fd009eb-170a-4625-932b-17a53af1051f",
"shortName": "qnap"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-51"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:\u003cbr\u003eQTS 5.2.8.3332 build 20251128 and later\u003cbr\u003eQuTS hero h5.2.8.3321 build 20251117 and later\u003cbr\u003eQuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 and later\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:\nQTS 5.2.8.3332 build 20251128 and later\nQuTS hero h5.2.8.3321 build 20251117 and later\nQuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 and later"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "QSA-25-51",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "QTS, QuTS hero",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "2fd009eb-170a-4625-932b-17a53af1051f",
"assignerShortName": "qnap",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-9110",
"datePublished": "2026-01-02T15:17:29.481Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-08-18T08:29:16.532Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-02T19:14:42.164Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-9364 (GCVE-0-2025-9364)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-09 12:41 – Updated: 2025-09-09 13:36
VLAI
Title
Rockwell Automation FactoryTalk® Analytics™ LogixAI® Exposed Redis DB
Summary
An open database issue exists in the affected product and version. The security issue stems from an over permissive Redis instance. This could result in an attacker on the intranet accessing sensitive data and potential alteration of data.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-497 - Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rockwell Automation | FactoryTalk® Analytics™ LogixAI® |
Affected:
Versions 3.00 and 3.01
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-9364",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-09T13:36:25.672379Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-09T13:36:31.291Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FactoryTalk\u00ae Analytics\u2122 LogixAI\u00ae",
"vendor": "Rockwell Automation",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Versions 3.00 and 3.01"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003eAn open database issue exists in the affected product and version. The security issue stems from an over permissive Redis instance. This could result in an attacker on the intranet accessing sensitive data and potential alteration of data.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e"
}
],
"value": "An open database issue exists in the affected product and version. The security issue stems from an over permissive Redis instance. This could result in an attacker on the intranet accessing sensitive data and potential alteration of data."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-497",
"description": "CWE-497: Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-09T12:41:24.092Z",
"orgId": "b73dd486-f505-4403-b634-40b078b177f0",
"shortName": "Rockwell"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.rockwellautomation.com/en-us/trust-center/security-advisories/advisory.SD1748.html"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Upgrade to\u0026nbsp;\n\n\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003eVersion 3.02 and later\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Upgrade to\u00a0\n\nVersion 3.02 and later"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "SD1748",
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"title": "Rockwell Automation FactoryTalk\u00ae Analytics\u2122 LogixAI\u00ae Exposed Redis DB",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b73dd486-f505-4403-b634-40b078b177f0",
"assignerShortName": "Rockwell",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-9364",
"datePublished": "2025-09-09T12:41:23.124Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-08-22T15:52:49.830Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-09T13:36:31.291Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-9986 (GCVE-0-2025-9986)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-11 08:34 – Updated: 2026-06-05 11:00
VLAI
Title
Improper Access Control in Vadi Corporate Information System's DIGIKENT
Summary
Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Vadi Corporate Information Systems Ltd. Co. DIGIKENT allows Excavation.
This issue affects DIGIKENT: through 13092025.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-497 - Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-26-0056 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vadi Corporate Information Systems Ltd. Co. | DIGIKENT |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 13092025
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-02-11 08:27
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-9986",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-02-11T15:20:43.320650Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-11T15:21:02.220Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "DIGIKENT",
"vendor": "Vadi Corporate Information Systems Ltd. Co.",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "13092025",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Ferhat U\u00c7AR"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-02-11T08:27:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Vadi Corporate Information Systems Ltd. Co. DIGIKENT allows Excavation.\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects DIGIKENT: through 13092025.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Vadi Corporate Information Systems Ltd. Co. DIGIKENT allows Excavation.\n\nThis issue affects DIGIKENT: through 13092025."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-116",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-116 Excavation"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 8.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-497",
"description": "CWE-497 Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-05T11:00:55.226Z",
"orgId": "ca940d4e-fea4-4aa2-9a58-591a58b1ce21",
"shortName": "TR-CERT"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"government-resource",
"broken-link"
],
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-26-0056"
},
{
"tags": [
"government-resource"
],
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-26-0056"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "TR-26-0056",
"defect": [
"TR-26-0056"
],
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Improper Access Control in Vadi Corporate Information System\u0027s DIGIKENT",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.5.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ca940d4e-fea4-4aa2-9a58-591a58b1ce21",
"assignerShortName": "TR-CERT",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-9986",
"datePublished": "2026-02-11T08:34:13.377Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-09-04T13:43:47.685Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-05T11:00:55.226Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-0231 (GCVE-0-2026-0231)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 18:03 – Updated: 2026-03-11 20:21
VLAI
Title
Cortex XDR Broker VM: Sensitive Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
An information disclosure vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR® Broker VM allows an authenticated user to obtain and modify sensitive information by triggering live terminal session via Cortex UI and modifying any configuration setting.
The attacker must have network access to the Broker VM to exploit this issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-497 - Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0231 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto Networks | Cortex XDR Broker VM |
Affected:
30.0.0 , < 30.0.49
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-03-11 16:00
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-0231",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-03-11T20:21:23.660381Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-11T20:21:35.933Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Cortex XDR Broker VM",
"vendor": "Palo Alto Networks",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "30.0.49",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThan": "30.0.49",
"status": "affected",
"version": "30.0.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "No special configuration is required to be affected by this issue."
}
],
"value": "No special configuration is required to be affected by this issue."
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:palo_alto_networks:cortex_xdr_broker_vm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "30.0.49",
"versionStartIncluding": "30.0.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "an internal reporter, Nicola Kalak,"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-03-11T16:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "An information disclosure vulnerability in\u0026nbsp;Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR\u00ae Broker VM allows an authenticated user to obtain and modify sensitive information by triggering live terminal session via Cortex UI \u003cspan\u003eand modifying any configuration setting\u003c/span\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe attacker must have network access to the Broker VM to exploit this issue.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "An information disclosure vulnerability in\u00a0Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR\u00ae Broker VM allows an authenticated user to obtain and modify sensitive information by triggering live terminal session via Cortex UI and modifying any configuration setting.\u00a0\nThe attacker must have network access to the Broker VM to exploit this issue."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Palo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this issue."
}
],
"value": "Palo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this issue."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-37",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-37 Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NO",
"Recovery": "USER",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 5.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "UNREPORTED",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"providerUrgency": "AMBER",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "DIFFUSE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "MODERATE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-497",
"description": "CWE-497 Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-11T18:03:21.302Z",
"orgId": "d6c1279f-00f6-4ef7-9217-f89ffe703ec0",
"shortName": "palo_alto"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0231"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis issue is fixed in Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.49, and all later Cortex XDR Broker VM versions.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIf automatic upgrades are enabled for Broker VM, then no action is required at this time.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIf automatic upgrades are not enabled for Broker VM, then we recommend that you do so to ensure that you always have the latest security patches installed in your software.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e"
}
],
"value": "This issue is fixed in Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.49, and all later Cortex XDR Broker VM versions.\n\n * If automatic upgrades are enabled for Broker VM, then no action is required at this time.\n\n * If automatic upgrades are not enabled for Broker VM, then we recommend that you do so to ensure that you always have the latest security patches installed in your software."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-11T16:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Initial Publication"
}
],
"title": "Cortex XDR Broker VM: Sensitive Information Disclosure Vulnerability",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "No known workarounds exist for this issue."
}
],
"value": "No known workarounds exist for this issue."
}
],
"x_affectedList": [
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.0",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.1",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.2",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.3",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.4",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.5",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.6",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.7",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.8",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.9",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.10",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.11",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.12",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.13",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.14",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.15",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.16",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.17",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.18",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.19",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.20",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.21",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.22",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.23",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.24",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.25",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.26",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.27",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.28",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.29",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.30",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.31",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.32",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.33",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.34",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.35",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.36",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.37",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.38",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.39",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.40",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.41",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.42",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.43",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.44",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.45",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.46",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.47",
"Cortex XDR Broker VM 30.0.48"
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d6c1279f-00f6-4ef7-9217-f89ffe703ec0",
"assignerShortName": "palo_alto",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-0231",
"datePublished": "2026-03-11T18:03:21.302Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-03T20:43:52.020Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-11T20:21:35.933Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-0239 (GCVE-0-2026-0239)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:27 – Updated: 2026-05-13 18:42
VLAI
Title
Chronosphere Chronocollector Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
An information disclosure vulnerability in the Chronosphere Chronocollector enables an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the collector service to retrieve sensitive information.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-497 - Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0239 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto Networks | Chronosphere Chronocollector |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < v0.116.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-05-13 16:00
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-0239",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-13T18:41:27.690781Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T18:42:18.103Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Chronosphere Chronocollector",
"vendor": "Palo Alto Networks",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "v0.116.0",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThan": "v0.116.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eNo special configuration is required to be affected by this issue.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "No special configuration is required to be affected by this issue."
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:palo_alto_networks:chronosphere_chronocollector:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "v0.116.0",
"versionStartIncluding": "0.0.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "other",
"value": "Palo Alto Networks thanks our internal security research teams for discovering and reporting this issue."
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-05-13T16:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eAn information disclosure vulnerability in the Chronosphere Chronocollector enables an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the collector service to retrieve sensitive information.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "An information disclosure vulnerability in the Chronosphere Chronocollector enables an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the collector service to retrieve sensitive information."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003ePalo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this issue.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Palo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this issue."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-37",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-37 Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NO",
"Recovery": "USER",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT",
"baseScore": 4.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "UNREPORTED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "AMBER",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "CONCENTRATED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/AU:N/R:U/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "MODERATE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-497",
"description": "CWE-497 Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T18:27:10.295Z",
"orgId": "d6c1279f-00f6-4ef7-9217-f89ffe703ec0",
"shortName": "palo_alto"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0239"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003ctable class=\"tbl\"\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth\u003eVersion\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth\u003eSuggested Solution\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eChronosphere Chronocollector\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to v0.116.0 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Version Suggested Solution\nChronosphere Chronocollector Upgrade to v0.116.0 or later."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-05-13T16:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Initial publication."
}
],
"title": "Chronosphere Chronocollector Information Disclosure Vulnerability",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eNo known workarounds exist for this issue.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "No known workarounds exist for this issue."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d6c1279f-00f6-4ef7-9217-f89ffe703ec0",
"assignerShortName": "palo_alto",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-0239",
"datePublished": "2026-05-13T18:27:10.295Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-03T20:43:59.870Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T18:42:18.103Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-0240 (GCVE-0-2026-0240)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:54 – Updated: 2026-05-15 09:56
VLAI
Title
Trust Protection Foundation: Sensitive Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
An information disclosure vulnerability in Trust Protection Foundation enables an authenticated attacker to obtain sensitive information from the server's vault. Successful exploitation of this issue allows the attacker to impersonate any user within the environment and arbitrarily modify configuration settings.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-497 - Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0240 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto Networks | Trust Protection Foundation |
Affected:
25.3.0 , < 25.3.3
(custom)
Affected: 25.1.0 , < 25.1.8 (custom) Affected: 24.3.0 , < 24.3.6 (custom) Affected: 24.1.0 , < 24.1.13 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-05-13 16:00
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-0240",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-15T03:56:11.417596Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-15T09:56:36.574Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Trust Protection Foundation",
"vendor": "Palo Alto Networks",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "25.3.3",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThan": "25.3.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "25.3.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "25.1.8",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThan": "25.1.8",
"status": "affected",
"version": "25.1.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "24.3.6",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThan": "24.3.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "24.3.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "24.1.13",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThan": "24.1.13",
"status": "affected",
"version": "24.1.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eNo specific configuration is required for exposure to this vulnerability.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "No specific configuration is required for exposure to this vulnerability."
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:palo_alto_networks:trust_protection_foundation:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "25.3.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "25.3.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:palo_alto_networks:trust_protection_foundation:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "25.1.8",
"versionStartIncluding": "25.1.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:palo_alto_networks:trust_protection_foundation:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "24.3.6",
"versionStartIncluding": "24.3.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:palo_alto_networks:trust_protection_foundation:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "24.1.13",
"versionStartIncluding": "24.1.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "other",
"value": "Palo Alto Networks thanks our internal security research teams for discovering and reporting this issue."
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-05-13T16:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eAn information disclosure vulnerability in Trust Protection Foundation enables an authenticated attacker to obtain sensitive information from the server\u0027s vault. Successful exploitation of this issue allows the attacker to impersonate any user within the environment and arbitrarily modify configuration settings.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "An information disclosure vulnerability in Trust Protection Foundation enables an authenticated attacker to obtain sensitive information from the server\u0027s vault. Successful exploitation of this issue allows the attacker to impersonate any user within the environment and arbitrarily modify configuration settings."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003ePalo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this issue.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Palo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this issue."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-37",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-37 Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NO",
"Recovery": "USER",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT",
"baseScore": 4.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "UNREPORTED",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "AMBER",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "DIFFUSE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:U/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "MODERATE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-497",
"description": "CWE-497 Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T18:54:07.294Z",
"orgId": "d6c1279f-00f6-4ef7-9217-f89ffe703ec0",
"shortName": "palo_alto"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0240"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003ctable class=\"tbl\"\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eVersion\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eMinor Version\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSuggested Solution\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eTrust Protection Foundation 25.3\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e25.3.0 through 25.3.2\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 25.3.3 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eTrust Protection Foundation 25.1\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e25.1.0 through 25.1.7\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 25.1.8 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eTrust Protection Foundation 24.3\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e24.3.0 through 24.3.5\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 24.3.6 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eTrust Protection Foundation 24.1\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e24.1.0 through 24.1.12\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 24.1.13 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/table\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Version Minor Version Suggested Solution\nTrust Protection Foundation 25.3 25.3.0 through 25.3.2 Upgrade to 25.3.3 or later.\nTrust Protection Foundation 25.1 25.1.0 through 25.1.7 Upgrade to 25.1.8 or later.\nTrust Protection Foundation 24.3 24.3.0 through 24.3.5 Upgrade to 24.3.6 or later.\nTrust Protection Foundation 24.1 24.1.0 through 24.1.12 Upgrade to 24.1.13 or later."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-05-13T16:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Initial publication."
}
],
"title": "Trust Protection Foundation: Sensitive Information Disclosure Vulnerability",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eNo known workarounds exist for this issue.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "No known workarounds exist for this issue."
}
],
"x_affectedList": [
"Trust Protection Foundation 25.3.0",
"Trust Protection Foundation 25.3.1",
"Trust Protection Foundation 25.3.2",
"Trust Protection Foundation 25.1.0",
"Trust Protection Foundation 25.1.1",
"Trust Protection Foundation 25.1.2",
"Trust Protection Foundation 25.1.3",
"Trust Protection Foundation 25.1.4",
"Trust Protection Foundation 25.1.5",
"Trust Protection Foundation 25.1.6",
"Trust Protection Foundation 25.1.7",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.3.0",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.3.1",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.3.2",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.3.3",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.3.4",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.3.5",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.0",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.1",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.2",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.3",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.4",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.5",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.6",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.7",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.8",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.9",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.10",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.11",
"Trust Protection Foundation 24.1.12"
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d6c1279f-00f6-4ef7-9217-f89ffe703ec0",
"assignerShortName": "palo_alto",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-0240",
"datePublished": "2026-05-13T18:54:07.294Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-03T20:44:01.023Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-15T09:56:36.574Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-0466 (GCVE-0-2026-0466)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:33 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:57
VLAI
Summary
Improper access control in AMD uProf may allow a local attacker with user privileges to write to the kernel-shared memory section, potentially resulting in crash or denial of service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-497 - Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere
Assigner
References
1 reference
Date Public
2026-06-09 17:33
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-0466",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-09T18:57:21.372440Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-09T18:57:37.132Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "AMD \u00b5Prof",
"vendor": "AMD",
"versions": [
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.3"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-06-09T17:33:35.113Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Improper access control in AMD uProf may allow a local attacker with user privileges to write to the kernel-shared memory section, potentially resulting in crash or denial of service.\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Improper access control in AMD uProf may allow a local attacker with user privileges to write to the kernel-shared memory section, potentially resulting in crash or denial of service."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 6.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-497",
"description": "CWE-497 Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-09T17:33:58.582Z",
"orgId": "b58fc414-a1e4-4f92-9d70-1add41838648",
"shortName": "AMD"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/AMD-SB-9025.html"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"x_generator": {
"engine": "AMD PSIRT Automation 1.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b58fc414-a1e4-4f92-9d70-1add41838648",
"assignerShortName": "AMD",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-0466",
"datePublished": "2026-06-09T17:33:58.582Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-06T15:11:22.297Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-09T18:57:37.132Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-0494 (GCVE-0-2026-0494)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 01:13 – Updated: 2026-01-13 16:19
VLAI
Title
Information Disclosure vulnerability in SAP Fiori App (Intercompany Balance Reconciliation)
Summary
Under certain conditions SAP Fiori App Intercompany Balance Reconciliation application allows an attacker to access information which would otherwise be restricted. This has low impact on confidentiality of the application, integrity and availability are not impacted.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-497 - Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAP_SE | SAP Fiori App (Intercompany Balance Reconciliation) |
Affected:
UIAPFI70 500
Affected: 600 Affected: 700 Affected: 800 Affected: 900 Affected: 901 Affected: 902 Affected: UIS4H 109 |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-0494",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-13T16:19:26.654230Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-13T16:19:32.833Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "SAP Fiori App (Intercompany Balance Reconciliation)",
"vendor": "SAP_SE",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "UIAPFI70 500"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "600"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "700"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "800"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "900"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "901"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "902"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "UIS4H 109"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eUnder certain conditions SAP Fiori App Intercompany Balance Reconciliation application allows an attacker to access information which would otherwise be restricted. This has low impact on confidentiality of the application, integrity and availability are not impacted.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Under certain conditions SAP Fiori App Intercompany Balance Reconciliation application allows an attacker to access information which would otherwise be restricted. This has low impact on confidentiality of the application, integrity and availability are not impacted."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-497",
"description": "CWE-497: Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere",
"lang": "eng",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-13T01:13:14.370Z",
"orgId": "e4686d1a-f260-4930-ac4c-2f5c992778dd",
"shortName": "sap"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3655227"
},
{
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Information Disclosure vulnerability in SAP Fiori App (Intercompany Balance Reconciliation)",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.5.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "e4686d1a-f260-4930-ac4c-2f5c992778dd",
"assignerShortName": "sap",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-0494",
"datePublished": "2026-01-13T01:13:14.370Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-09T22:06:36.684Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-13T16:19:32.833Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-0853 (GCVE-0-2026-0853)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-12 03:26 – Updated: 2026-01-12 15:54
VLAI
Title
A-Plus Video Technologies｜NVR - Sensitive Data Exposure
Summary
Certain NVR models developed by A-Plus Video Technologies has a Sensitive Data Exposure vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access the debug page and obtain device status information.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-497 - Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10620-527f1-1.html | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10621-55584-2.html | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A-Plus Video Technologies | AP-RM864P |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(custom)
|
|
| A-Plus Video Technologies | AP-RM864 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(custom)
|
|
| A-Plus Video Technologies | AP-RM832P |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(custom)
|
|
| A-Plus Video Technologies | AP-RM832 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(custom)
|
|
| A-Plus Video Technologies | AP-RM816 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(custom)
|
|
| A-Plus Video Technologies | AP-BS416 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(custom)
|
|
| A-Plus Video Technologies | AP-BS408 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(custom)
|
|
| A-Plus Video Technologies | AP-BS404 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-01-12 03:16
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-0853",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-12T15:54:24.725911Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-12T15:54:38.969Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "AP-RM864P",
"vendor": "A-Plus Video Technologies",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "AP-RM864",
"vendor": "A-Plus Video Technologies",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "AP-RM832P",
"vendor": "A-Plus Video Technologies",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "AP-RM832",
"vendor": "A-Plus Video Technologies",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "AP-RM816",
"vendor": "A-Plus Video Technologies",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "AP-BS416",
"vendor": "A-Plus Video Technologies",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "AP-BS408",
"vendor": "A-Plus Video Technologies",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "AP-BS404",
"vendor": "A-Plus Video Technologies",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-01-12T03:16:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Certain NVR models developed by A-Plus Video Technologies has a Sensitive Data Exposure vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access the debug page and obtain device status information."
}
],
"value": "Certain NVR models developed by A-Plus Video Technologies has a Sensitive Data Exposure vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access the debug page and obtain device status information."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-497",
"description": "CWE-497 Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-12T03:26:47.546Z",
"orgId": "cded6c7f-6ce5-4948-8f87-aa7a3bbb6b0e",
"shortName": "twcert"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10620-527f1-1.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10621-55584-2.html"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Update firmware to version 2.2.0 or later."
}
],
"value": "Update firmware to version 2.2.0 or later."
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "TVN-202601002",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "A-Plus Video Technologies\uff5cNVR - Sensitive Data Exposure",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.5.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "cded6c7f-6ce5-4948-8f87-aa7a3bbb6b0e",
"assignerShortName": "twcert",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-0853",
"datePublished": "2026-01-12T03:26:47.546Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-12T03:07:23.341Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-12T15:54:38.969Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-22537 (GCVE-0-2026-22537)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-07 17:05 – Updated: 2026-01-07 17:23 X_Ics X_Charger
VLAI
Title
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE WITHIN THE OPERATING SYSTEM
Summary
The lack of hardening of the system allows the user used to manage and maintain the charger to consult different files containing clear-text credentials or valuable information for an attacker.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-497 - Exposure of sensitive system information to an unauthorized control sphere
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cds.thalesgroup.com/en |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| EFACEC | QC 60/90/120 |
Affected:
8
|
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-22537",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-07T17:23:07.591539Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-07T17:23:18.255Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "QC 60/90/120",
"vendor": "EFACEC",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "8"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Aar\u00f3n Flecha Men\u00e9ndez"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Iv\u00e1n Alonso \u00c1lvarez"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "V\u00edctor Bello Cuevas"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "The lack of hardening of the system allows the user used to manage and maintain the charger to consult different files containing clear-text credentials or valuable information for an attacker."
}
],
"value": "The lack of hardening of the system allows the user used to manage and maintain the charger to consult different files containing clear-text credentials or valuable information for an attacker."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC\u2011118: Sniffing Network Traffic"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 6.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-497",
"description": "CWE-497: Exposure of sensitive system information to an unauthorized control sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-07T17:05:41.610Z",
"orgId": "50b5080a-775f-442e-83b5-926b5ca517b6",
"shortName": "S21sec"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://cds.thalesgroup.com/en"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"tags": [
"x_ICS",
"x_Charger"
],
"title": "INFORMATION DISCLOSURE WITHIN THE OPERATING SYSTEM",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.5.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "50b5080a-775f-442e-83b5-926b5ca517b6",
"assignerShortName": "S21sec",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-22537",
"datePublished": "2026-01-07T17:05:41.610Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-07T14:01:04.828Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-07T17:23:18.255Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation
Description:
- Production applications should never use methods that generate internal details such as stack traces and error messages unless that information is directly committed to a log that is not viewable by the end user. All error message text should be HTML entity encoded before being written to the log file to protect against potential cross-site scripting attacks against the viewer of the logs
CAPEC-170: Web Application Fingerprinting
An attacker sends a series of probes to a web application in order to elicit version-dependent and type-dependent behavior that assists in identifying the target. An attacker could learn information such as software versions, error pages, and response headers, variations in implementations of the HTTP protocol, directory structures, and other similar information about the targeted service. This information can then be used by an attacker to formulate a targeted attack plan. While web application fingerprinting is not intended to be damaging (although certain activities, such as network scans, can sometimes cause disruptions to vulnerable applications inadvertently) it may often pave the way for more damaging attacks.
CAPEC-694: System Location Discovery
["An adversary collects information about the target system in an attempt to identify the system's geographical location.", 'Information gathered could include keyboard layout, system language, and timezone. This information may benefit an adversary in confirming the desired target and/or tailoring further attacks.']