CWE-565
Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking
The product relies on the existence or values of cookies when performing security-critical operations, but it does not properly ensure that the setting is valid for the associated user.
CVE-2025-14440 (GCVE-0-2025-14440)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-13 04:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:09
VLAI
Title
JAY Login & Register <= 2.4.01 - Authentication Bypass via Cookie
Summary
The JAY Login & Register plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in versions up to, and including, 2.4.01. This is due to incorrect authentication checking in the 'jay_login_register_process_switch_back' function with the 'jay_login_register_process_switch_back' cookie value. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing user on the site, such as an administrator, if they have access to the user id.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-565 - Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jayarsiech | JAY Login & Register |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.4.01
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-2395 (GCVE-0-2025-2395)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-17 05:51 – Updated: 2025-03-17 12:55
VLAI
Title
e-Excellence U-Office Force - Improper Authentication
Summary
The U-Office Force from e-Excellence has an Improper Authentication vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to use a particular API and alter cookies to log in as an administrator.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-565 - Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10011-3de72-1.html | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10012-d5bbc-2.html | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| e-Excellence | U-Office Force |
Affected:
0 , < 28.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-03-17 05:48
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CVE-2025-31120 (GCVE-0-2025-31120)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-18 15:52 – Updated: 2025-04-18 20:01
VLAI
Title
NamelessMC Vulnerable to Cookie-Based View Count Manipulation
Summary
NamelessMC is a free, easy to use & powerful website software for Minecraft servers. In version 2.1.4 and prior, an insecure view count mechanism in the forum page allows an unauthenticated attacker to artificially increase the view count. The application relies on a client-side cookie (nl-topic-[tid]) (or session variable for guests) to determine if a view should be counted. When a client does not provide the cookie, every page request increments the counter, leading to incorrect view metrics. This issue has been patched in version 2.2.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-565 - Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/NamelessMC/Nameless/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/NamelessMC/Nameless/commit/9b1… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/NamelessMC/Nameless/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NamelessMC | Nameless |
Affected:
< 2.2.0
|
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CVE-2025-59247 (GCVE-0-2025-59247)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-09 21:04 – Updated: 2026-02-22 17:26 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
Azure PlayFab Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Azure PlayFab Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Azure PlayFab |
Affected:
-
|
Date Public
2025-10-09 14:00
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CVE-2025-64447 (GCVE-0-2025-64447)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:18 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57
VLAI
Summary
A reliance on cookies without validation and integrity checking vulnerability in Fortinet FortiWeb 8.0.0 through 8.0.1, FortiWeb 7.6.0 through 7.6.5, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.10, FortiWeb 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiWeb 7.0.0 through 7.0.11 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary operations on the system via crafted HTTP or HTTPS request via forged cookies, requiring prior knowledge of the FortiWeb serial number.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-565 - Escalation of privilege
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiWeb |
Affected:
8.0.0 , ≤ 8.0.1
(semver)
Affected: 7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.5 (semver) Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.10 (semver) Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.11 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.11 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:8.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:8.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.6.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.6.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-0257 (GCVE-0-2026-0257)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 18:15 – Updated: 2026-05-13 18:59
VLAI
Title
PAN-OS: GlobalProtect Authentication Bypass Vulnerabilities
Summary
Authentication bypass vulnerabilities in the GlobalProtect portal and gateway of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software allows the attacker to bypass security restrictions and establish an unauthorized VPN connection.
Panorama and Cloud NGFW are not impacted by these issues.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-565 - Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0257 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto Networks | Cloud NGFW |
Unaffected:
All
(custom)
|
|
| Palo Alto Networks | PAN-OS |
Affected:
12.1.0 , < 12.1.7, 12.1.4-h6
(custom)
Affected: 11.2.0 , < 11.2.12, 11.2.10-h7, 11.2.7-h14, 11.2.4-h17 (custom) Affected: 11.1.0 , < 11.1.15, 11.1.13-h5, 11.1.10-h25, 11.1.7-h6, 11.1.6-h32, 11.1.4-h33 (custom) Affected: 10.2.0 , < 10.2.18-h6, 10.2.16-h7, 10.2.13-h21, 10.2.10-h36, 10.2.7-h34 (custom) cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.1.4:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.1.4:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.1.4:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.1.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:12.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.10:h6:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.10:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.10:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.10:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.10:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.10:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.10:-:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:h12:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:h11:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:h10:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:h8:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:h7:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h15:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h14:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h12:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h11:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h10:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h9:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h8:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h7:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h6:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* 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|
| Palo Alto Networks | Prisma Access |
Affected:
10.2.0 , < 10.2.10-h36
(custom)
Affected: 11.2.0 , < 11.2.7-h13 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-05-13 16:00
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-0257",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-13T18:59:07.054504Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T18:59:16.461Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Cloud NGFW",
"vendor": "Palo Alto Networks",
"versions": [
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "All",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects firewalls with GlobalProtect portal or gateway configured when authentication override cookies are enabled and a specific certificate configuration exists. To check if authentication cookies are enabled follow the steps below:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOn the Portal:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Navigate to \u003cb\u003eNetwork\u003c/b\u003e \u0026gt; \u003cb\u003eGlobalProtect\u003c/b\u003e \u0026gt; \u003cb\u003ePortals\u003c/b\u003e in the management interface.\u003cbr\u003e2. Click on your \u003cb\u003ePortal Name\u003c/b\u003e and go to the \u003cb\u003eAgent\u003c/b\u003e tab.\u003cbr\u003e3. Click on your \u003cb\u003eAgent Configuration\u003c/b\u003e profile.\u003cbr\u003e4. Go to the \u003cb\u003eAuthentication\u003c/b\u003e tab.\u003cbr\u003e5. \u003cb\u003eGenerate cookie for authentication override\u003c/b\u003e or \u003cb\u003eAccept cookie for authentication override\u003c/b\u003e options are checked.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003eOn the Gateway:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Navigate to \u003cb\u003eNetwork\u003c/b\u003e \u0026gt; \u003cb\u003eGlobalProtect\u003c/b\u003e \u0026gt; \u003cb\u003eGateways\u003c/b\u003e in the management interface.\u003cbr\u003e2. Click on your \u003cb\u003eGateway Name\u003c/b\u003e and go to the \u003cb\u003eAgent\u003c/b\u003e tab.\u003cbr\u003e3. Click on your \u003cb\u003eClient Settings\u003c/b\u003e profile.\u003cbr\u003e4. Go to the \u003cb\u003eAuthentication Override\u003c/b\u003e tab.\u003cbr\u003e5. \u003cb\u003eAccept cookie for authentication override\u003c/b\u003e option is checked.\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "This issue affects firewalls with GlobalProtect portal or gateway configured when authentication override cookies are enabled and a specific certificate configuration exists. To check if authentication cookies are enabled follow the steps below:\n\nOn the Portal:\n\n1. Navigate to Network \u003e GlobalProtect \u003e Portals in the management interface.\n2. Click on your Portal Name and go to the Agent tab.\n3. Click on your Agent Configuration profile.\n4. Go to the Authentication tab.\n5. Generate cookie for authentication override or Accept cookie for authentication override options are checked.\n\n\nOn the Gateway:\n\n1. Navigate to Network \u003e GlobalProtect \u003e Gateways in the management interface.\n2. Click on your Gateway Name and go to the Agent tab.\n3. Click on your Client Settings profile.\n4. Go to the Authentication Override tab.\n5. Accept cookie for authentication override option is checked."
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{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:palo_alto_networks:prisma_access:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "11.2.7-h13",
"versionStartIncluding": "11.2.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "other",
"value": "Palo Alto Networks thanks our internal security research teams for discovering and reporting this issue."
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-05-13T16:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eAuthentication bypass vulnerabilities in the GlobalProtect portal and gateway of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS\u00ae software allows the attacker to bypass security restrictions and establish an unauthorized VPN connection.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePanorama and Cloud NGFW are not impacted by these issues.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Authentication bypass vulnerabilities in the GlobalProtect portal and gateway of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS\u00ae software allows the attacker to bypass security restrictions and establish an unauthorized VPN connection.\n\nPanorama and Cloud NGFW are not impacted by these issues."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003ePalo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of these issues.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Palo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of these issues."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-114",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-114 Authentication Abuse"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NO",
"Recovery": "AUTOMATIC",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 4.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "UNREPORTED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "AMBER",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "DIFFUSE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:U/AU:N/R:A/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "MODERATE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-565",
"description": "CWE-565 Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T18:15:10.172Z",
"orgId": "d6c1279f-00f6-4ef7-9217-f89ffe703ec0",
"shortName": "palo_alto"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0257"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
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"value": "\u003ctable class=\"tbl\"\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth\u003eVersion\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth\u003eMinor Version\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth\u003eSuggested Solution\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eCloud NGFW All\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eNo action needed.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003ePAN-OS 12.1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e12.1.5 through 12.1.6\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 12.1.7 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e12.1.2 through 12.1.4-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 12.1.4-h6 or 12.1.7 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003ePAN-OS 11.2\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e11.2.11 or later\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.2.12 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e11.2.8 through 11.2.10-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.2.10-h7 or 11.2.12 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e11.2.5 through 11.2.7-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.2.7-h14 or 11.2.12 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e11.2.0 through 11.2.4-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.2.4-h17 or 11.2.12 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003ePAN-OS 11.1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e11.1.14 or later\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.1.15 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e11.1.11 through 11.1.13-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.1.13-h5 or 11.1.15 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e11.1.8 through 11.1.10-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.1.10-h25 or 11.1.15 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e11.1.7 through 11.1.7-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.1.7-h6 or 11.1.15 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e11.1.5 through 11.1.6-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.1.6-h32 or 11.1.15 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e11.1.0 through 11.1.4-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.1.4-h33 or 11.1.15 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003ePAN-OS 10.2\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e10.2.17 through 10.2.18-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 10.2.18 or 10.2.18-h6 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e10.2.14 through 10.2.16-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 10.2.16-h7 or 10.2.18 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e10.2.11 through 10.2.13-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 10.2.13-h21 or 10.2.18 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e10.2.8 through 10.2.10-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 10.2.10-h36 or 10.2.18 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e10.2.0 through 10.2.7-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 10.2.7-h34 or 10.2.18 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eAll older\u003cbr\u003eunsupported\u003cbr\u003ePAN-OS versions\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to a supported fixed version.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003ePrisma Access 10.2\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e10.2.0 through 10.2.10-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 10.2.10-h36 or later.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003ePrisma Access 11.2\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e11.2.0 through 11.2.7-h*\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eUpgrade to 11.2.7-h13 or later.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNote\u003c/b\u003e:\u0026nbsp;With this fix, if the firewall is configured to use an authentication override cookie for the GlobalProtect Portal or Gateway, it will regenerate the cookie using a more secure method. Therefore, GP users will need to re-authenticate after a PAN-OS upgrade, even if a valid cookie is present. This is a one time requirement. Once they re-authenticate after the upgrade, the authentication override cookie and its validity will work as they do today.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "VERSION MINOR VERSION SUGGESTED SOLUTION\nCloud NGFW All No action needed.\nPAN-OS 12.1 12.1.5 through 12.1.6 Upgrade to 12.1.7 or later.\n 12.1.2 through 12.1.4-h* Upgrade to 12.1.4-h6 or 12.1.7 or later.\nPAN-OS 11.2 11.2.11 or later Upgrade to 11.2.12 or later.\n 11.2.8 through 11.2.10-h* Upgrade to 11.2.10-h7 or 11.2.12 or later.\n 11.2.5 through 11.2.7-h* Upgrade to 11.2.7-h14 or 11.2.12 or later.\n 11.2.0 through 11.2.4-h* Upgrade to 11.2.4-h17 or 11.2.12 or later.\nPAN-OS 11.1 11.1.14 or later Upgrade to 11.1.15 or later.\n 11.1.11 through 11.1.13-h* Upgrade to 11.1.13-h5 or 11.1.15 or later.\n 11.1.8 through 11.1.10-h* Upgrade to 11.1.10-h25 or 11.1.15 or later.\n 11.1.7 through 11.1.7-h* Upgrade to 11.1.7-h6 or 11.1.15 or later.\n 11.1.5 through 11.1.6-h* Upgrade to 11.1.6-h32 or 11.1.15 or later.\n 11.1.0 through 11.1.4-h* Upgrade to 11.1.4-h33 or 11.1.15 or later.\nPAN-OS 10.2 10.2.17 through 10.2.18-h* Upgrade to 10.2.18 or 10.2.18-h6 or later.\n 10.2.14 through 10.2.16-h* Upgrade to 10.2.16-h7 or 10.2.18 or later.\n 10.2.11 through 10.2.13-h* Upgrade to 10.2.13-h21 or 10.2.18 or later.\n 10.2.8 through 10.2.10-h* Upgrade to 10.2.10-h36 or 10.2.18 or later.\n 10.2.0 through 10.2.7-h* Upgrade to 10.2.7-h34 or 10.2.18 or later.\nAll older Upgrade to a supported fixed version.\nunsupported\nPAN-OS versions\nPrisma Access 10.2 10.2.0 through 10.2.10-h* Upgrade to 10.2.10-h36 or later.\nPrisma Access 11.2 11.2.0 through 11.2.7-h* Upgrade to 11.2.7-h13 or later.\n\nNote: With this fix, if the firewall is configured to use an authentication override cookie for the GlobalProtect Portal or Gateway, it will regenerate the cookie using a more secure method. Therefore, GP users will need to re-authenticate after a PAN-OS upgrade, even if a valid cookie is present. This is a one time requirement. Once they re-authenticate after the upgrade, the authentication override cookie and its validity will work as they do today."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-05-13T16:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Initial publication."
}
],
"title": "PAN-OS: GlobalProtect Authentication Bypass Vulnerabilities",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCustomers can mitigate the risk of this issue by taking any of the following actions:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUse a dedicated certificate for \u003c/span\u003eAuthentication Override cookies:\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGenerate a new certificate exclusively for authentication override cookies and store it securely. Do not reuse the portal or gateway certificate, and do not share this certificate with other features or users.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cb\u003eDisable Authentication Override:\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Uncheck the Authentication Override options (for generating and accepting cookies) in the GlobalProtect portal and gateway configuration.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Customers can mitigate the risk of this issue by taking any of the following actions:\n\n\n\n * Use a dedicated certificate for Authentication Override cookies: Generate a new certificate exclusively for authentication override cookies and store it securely. Do not reuse the portal or gateway certificate, and do not share this certificate with other features or users.\n * Disable Authentication Override: Uncheck the Authentication Override options (for generating and accepting cookies) in the GlobalProtect portal and gateway configuration."
}
],
"x_affectedList": [
"PAN-OS 12.1.6",
"PAN-OS 12.1.5",
"PAN-OS 12.1.4-h3",
"PAN-OS 12.1.4-h2",
"PAN-OS 12.1.4",
"PAN-OS 12.1.3-h3",
"PAN-OS 12.1.3-h1",
"PAN-OS 12.1.3",
"PAN-OS 12.1.2",
"PAN-OS 11.2.11",
"PAN-OS 11.2.10-h4",
"PAN-OS 11.2.10-h3",
"PAN-OS 11.2.10-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.2.10-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.2.10",
"PAN-OS 11.2.9",
"PAN-OS 11.2.8",
"PAN-OS 11.2.7-h11",
"PAN-OS 11.2.7-h10",
"PAN-OS 11.2.7-h8",
"PAN-OS 11.2.7-h7",
"PAN-OS 11.2.7-h4",
"PAN-OS 11.2.7-h3",
"PAN-OS 11.2.7-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.2.7-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.2.7",
"PAN-OS 11.2.6",
"PAN-OS 11.2.5",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h15",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h14",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h12",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h11",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h10",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h9",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h8",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h7",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h6",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h5",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h4",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h3",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.2.4",
"PAN-OS 11.2.3-h5",
"PAN-OS 11.2.3-h4",
"PAN-OS 11.2.3-h3",
"PAN-OS 11.2.3-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.2.3-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.2.3",
"PAN-OS 11.2.2-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.2.2-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.2.1-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.2.1",
"PAN-OS 11.2.0-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.2.0",
"PAN-OS 11.1.13-h3",
"PAN-OS 11.1.13-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.1.13-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.1.13",
"PAN-OS 11.1.12",
"PAN-OS 11.1.11",
"PAN-OS 11.1.10-h21",
"PAN-OS 11.1.10-h12",
"PAN-OS 11.1.10-h10",
"PAN-OS 11.1.10-h9",
"PAN-OS 11.1.10-h7",
"PAN-OS 11.1.10-h5",
"PAN-OS 11.1.10-h4",
"PAN-OS 11.1.10-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.1.10",
"PAN-OS 11.1.9",
"PAN-OS 11.1.8",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h29",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h25",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h23",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h22",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h21",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h20",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h19",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h18",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h17",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h14",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h10",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h7",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h6",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h4",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h3",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.1.6",
"PAN-OS 11.1.5-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.1.5",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h27",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h25",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h18",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h17",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h15",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h13",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h12",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h11",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h10",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h9",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h8",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h7",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h6",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h5",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h4",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h3",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.1.4",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h13",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h12",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h11",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h10",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h9",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h8",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h7",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h6",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h5",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h4",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h3",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.1.3",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h18",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h17",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h16",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h15",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h14",
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"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h11",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h10",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h9",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h8",
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"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h6",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h5",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h4",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h3",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.1.2",
"PAN-OS 11.1.1-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.1.1-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.1.1",
"PAN-OS 11.1.0-h4",
"PAN-OS 11.1.0-h3",
"PAN-OS 11.1.0-h2",
"PAN-OS 11.1.0-h1",
"PAN-OS 11.1.0",
"PAN-OS 10.2.18-h1",
"PAN-OS 10.2.18",
"PAN-OS 10.2.17",
"PAN-OS 10.2.16-h6",
"PAN-OS 10.2.16-h4",
"PAN-OS 10.2.16-h1",
"PAN-OS 10.2.16",
"PAN-OS 10.2.15",
"PAN-OS 10.2.14-h1",
"PAN-OS 10.2.14",
"PAN-OS 10.2.13-h18",
"PAN-OS 10.2.13-h16",
"PAN-OS 10.2.13-h15",
"PAN-OS 10.2.13-h10",
"PAN-OS 10.2.13-h7",
"PAN-OS 10.2.13-h5",
"PAN-OS 10.2.13-h4",
"PAN-OS 10.2.13-h3",
"PAN-OS 10.2.13-h2",
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CVE-2026-39324 (GCVE-0-2026-39324)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-07 18:13 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:44
VLAI
Title
Rack::Session::Cookie secrets: decrypt failure fallback enables secretless session forgery and Marshal deserialization
Summary
Rack::Session is a session management implementation for Rack. From 2.0.0 to before 2.1.2, Rack::Session::Cookie incorrectly handles decryption failures when configured with secrets:. If cookie decryption fails, the implementation falls back to a default decoder instead of rejecting the cookie. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to supply a crafted session cookie that is accepted as valid session data without knowledge of any configured secret. Because this mechanism is used to load session state, an attacker can manipulate session contents and potentially gain unauthorized access. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.2.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rack/rack-session/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rack | rack-session |
Affected:
>= 2.0.0, < 2.1.2
|
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CVE-2026-39963 (GCVE-0-2026-39963)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 23:31 – Updated: 2026-04-15 13:23
VLAI
Title
Serendipity: Host Header Injection enables authentication cookie scoping to an attacker-controlled domain
Summary
Serendipity is a PHP-powered weblog engine. In versions 2.6-beta2 and below, the serendipity_setCookie() function in include/functions_config.inc.php uses $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] without validation as the domain parameter of setcookie(). An attacker who can influence the Host header at login time, such as via MITM, reverse proxy misconfiguration, or load balancer manipulation, can force authentication cookies including session tokens and auto-login tokens to be scoped to an attacker-controlled domain. This enables session fixation, token leakage to attacker-controlled infrastructure, and privilege escalation if an admin logs in under a poisoned Host header. This issue has been fixed in version 2.6.0.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-565 - Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/s9y/Serendipity/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/s9y/Serendipity/releases/tag/2.6.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| s9y | Serendipity |
Affected:
< 2.6.0
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CVE-2026-5130 (GCVE-0-2026-5130)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-30 22:24 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:47
VLAI
Title
Debugger & Troubleshooter <= 1.3.2 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation to Administrator via Cookie Manipulation
Summary
The Debugger & Troubleshooter plugin for WordPress was vulnerable to Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation in versions up to and including 1.3.2. This was due to the plugin accepting the wp_debug_troubleshoot_simulate_user cookie value directly as a user ID without any cryptographic validation or authorization checks. The cookie value was used to override the determine_current_user filter, which allowed unauthenticated attackers to impersonate any user by simply setting the cookie to their target user ID. This made it possible for unauthenticated attackers to gain administrator-level access and perform any privileged actions including creating new administrator accounts, modifying site content, installing plugins, or taking complete control of the WordPress site. The vulnerability was fixed in version 1.4.0 by implementing a cryptographic token-based validation system where only administrators can initiate user simulation, and the cookie contains a random 64-character token that must be validated against database-stored mappings rather than accepting arbitrary user IDs.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-565 - Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jhimross | Debugger & Troubleshooter |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.3.2
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-8337 (GCVE-0-2026-8337)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-21 21:13 – Updated: 2026-05-22 13:13
VLAI
Title
Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below is vulnerable to IDOR in surveys when sites are running concurrent public surveys and private surveys
Summary
Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below is vulnerable to IDOR in surveys. To be vulnerable, a site would have to be configured in such a way that both public and private surveys are present on the site. An unauthenticated attacker can vote in the restricted survey by submitting the restricted optionID through the public survey’s endpoint. The Concrete CMS security team gave this vulnerability a CVSS v.4.0 score of 6.3 with vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N. Thanks Zer0daySec https://github.com/Zee99y for reporting
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://documentation.concretecms.org/9-x/develop… | release-notes |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Concrete CMS | Concrete CMS |
Affected:
5.0 , ≤ 9.5.0
(git)
|
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Avoid using cookie data for a security-related decision.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Perform thorough input validation (i.e.: server side validation) on the cookie data if you're going to use it for a security related decision.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Add integrity checks to detect tampering.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Protect critical cookies from replay attacks, since cross-site scripting or other attacks may allow attackers to steal a strongly-encrypted cookie that also passes integrity checks. This mitigation applies to cookies that should only be valid during a single transaction or session. By enforcing timeouts, you may limit the scope of an attack. As part of your integrity check, use an unpredictable, server-side value that is not exposed to the client.
CAPEC-226: Session Credential Falsification through Manipulation
An attacker manipulates an existing credential in order to gain access to a target application. Session credentials allow users to identify themselves to a service after an initial authentication without needing to resend the authentication information (usually a username and password) with every message. An attacker may be able to manipulate a credential sniffed from an existing connection in order to gain access to a target server.
CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies
This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.