CWE-602

Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security

The product is composed of a server that relies on the client to implement a mechanism that is intended to protect the server.

CVE-2025-33024 (GCVE-0-2025-33024)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-13 09:38 – Updated: 2025-05-13 13:29
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000RE (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1400 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1500 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1501 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1510 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1511 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1512 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1524 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1536 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX5000 (All versions < V2.16.5). The 'tcpdump' tool in the web interface of affected devices is vulnerable to command injection due to missing server side input sanitation. This could allow an authenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-33025 (GCVE-0-2025-33025)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-13 09:38 – Updated: 2025-05-13 13:28
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000RE (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1400 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1500 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1501 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1510 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1511 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1512 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1524 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1536 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX5000 (All versions < V2.16.5). The 'traceroute' tool in the web interface of affected devices is vulnerable to command injection due to missing server side input sanitation. This could allow an authenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-33137 (GCVE-0-2025-33137)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-22 16:36 – Updated: 2025-08-26 15:05
VLAI
Title
IBM Aspera Faspex data modification
Summary
IBM Aspera Faspex 5.0.0 through 5.0.12 could allow an authenticated user to obtain sensitive information or perform unauthorized actions on behalf of another user due to client-side enforcement of server-side security.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
ibm
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7234114 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Aspera Faspex Affected: 5.0.0 , ≤ 5.0.12 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-36039 (GCVE-0-2025-36039)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-30 23:47 – Updated: 2025-07-31 17:55
VLAI
Title
IBM Aspera Faspex bypass security
Summary
IBM Aspera Faspex 5.0.0 through 5.0.12.1 could allow an authenticated user to perform unauthorized actions due to client-side enforcement of sever side security mechanisms,
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
ibm
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7241007 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Aspera Faspex Affected: 5.0.0 , ≤ 5.0.12.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_faspex:5.0.12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-36093 (GCVE-0-2025-36093)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-03 15:54 – Updated: 2025-11-03 16:25
VLAI
Title
security vulnerabilities are addressed with IBM Business Automation Insights iFixes for October 2025.
Summary
IBM Cloud Pak For Business Automation 25.0.0, 24.0.1, and 24.0.0 could allow an attacker to access unauthorized content or perform unauthorized actions using man in the middle techniques due to improper access controls.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
ibm
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7249999 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Cloud Pak For Business Automation Affected: 25.0.0
Affected: 24.0.1
Affected: 24.0.0
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:cloud_pak_for_business_automation:24.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:cloud_pak_for_business_automation:24.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:cloud_pak_for_business_automation:25.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-36102 (GCVE-0-2025-36102)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-08 21:30 – Updated: 2025-12-09 16:05
VLAI
Title
IBM Controller Validation Bypass
Summary
IBM Controller 11.1.0 through 11.1.1 and IBM Cognos Controller 11.0.0 through 11.0.1 FP6 could allow a privileged user to bypass validation, passing user input into the application as trusted data, due to client-side enforcement of server-side security.
Severity
2.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
ibm
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7253273 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Controller Affected: 11.1.0 , ≤ 11.1.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:controller:11.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:controller:11.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
IBM Cognos Controller Affected: 11.0.0 , ≤ 11.0.1 FP6 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:cognos_controller:11.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:cognos_controller:11.0.1:FP6:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-36410 (GCVE-0-2025-36410)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-20 15:39 – Updated: 2026-01-20 16:41
VLAI
Title
Multiple vulnerabilities found in IBM ApplinX.
Summary
IBM ApplinX 11.1 could allow an authenticated user to perform unauthorized administrative actions on the server due to server-side enforcement of client-side security.
Severity
3.1 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
ibm
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7257446 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM ApplinX Affected: 11.1
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:applinx:11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-40591 (GCVE-0-2025-40591)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-10 15:17 – Updated: 2025-06-10 15:41
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000RE (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1400 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1500 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1501 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1510 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1511 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1512 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1524 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1536 (All versions < V2.16.5), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX5000 (All versions < V2.16.5). The 'Log Viewers' tool in the web interface of affected devices is vulnerable to command injection due to missing server side input sanitation. This could allow an authenticated remote attacker to execute the 'tail' command with root privileges and disclose contents of all files in the filesystem.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
8.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41402 (GCVE-0-2025-41402)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-23 03:38 – Updated: 2025-10-23 14:35
VLAI
Summary
Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security (CWE-602) in the Command Centre Server allows a privileged operator to enter invalid competency data, bypassing expiry checks. This issue affects Command Centre Server:  9.30 prior to vEL9.30.2482 (MR2), 9.20 prior to vEL9.20.2819 (MR4), 9.10 prior to vEL9.10.3672 (MR7), all versions of 9.00 and prior.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Gallagher Command Centre Server Affected: 0 , ≤ 9.00 (custom)
Affected: 9.30 , < 9.30.2482 (MR2) (custom)
Affected: 9.20 , < 9.20.2819 (MR4) (custom)
Affected: 9.10 , < 9.10.3672 (MR7) (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-42601 (GCVE-0-2025-42601)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-23 10:32 – Updated: 2025-04-23 15:28
VLAI
Title
Captcha Bypass Vulnerability in Meon KYC solutions
Summary
This vulnerability exists in Meon KYC solutions due to insufficient server-side validation of the Captcha in certain API endpoints. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting the request and removing the Captcha parameter leading to bypassing the Captcha verification mechanism.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Meon KYC solutions Affected: 1.1
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
This vulnerability is reported by Mohit Gadiya.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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              "value": "Upgrade KYC Solutions to version 1.2\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Upgrade KYC Solutions to version 1.2"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Captcha Bypass Vulnerability in Meon KYC solutions",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "66834db9-ab24-42b4-be80-296b2e40335c",
    "assignerShortName": "CERT-In",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-42601",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-23T10:32:30.140Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T12:00:23.726Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-04-23T15:28:27.959Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
  • Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • If some degree of trust is required between the two entities, then use integrity checking and strong authentication to ensure that the inputs are coming from a trusted source. Design the product so that this trust is managed in a centralized fashion, especially if there are complex or numerous communication channels, in order to reduce the risks that the implementer will mistakenly omit a check in a single code path.
CAPEC-162: Manipulating Hidden Fields

An adversary exploits a weakness in the server's trust of client-side processing by modifying data on the client-side, such as price information, and then submitting this data to the server, which processes the modified data. For example, eShoplifting is a data manipulation attack against an on-line merchant during a purchasing transaction. The manipulation of price, discount or quantity fields in the transaction message allows the adversary to acquire items at a lower cost than the merchant intended. The adversary performs a normal purchasing transaction but edits hidden fields within the HTML form response that store price or other information to give themselves a better deal. The merchant then uses the modified pricing information in calculating the cost of the selected items.

CAPEC-202: Create Malicious Client

An adversary creates a client application to interface with a target service where the client violates assumptions the service makes about clients. Services that have designated client applications (as opposed to services that use general client applications, such as IMAP or POP mail servers which can interact with any IMAP or POP client) may assume that the client will follow specific procedures.

CAPEC-207: Removing Important Client Functionality

An adversary removes or disables functionality on the client that the server assumes to be present and trustworthy.

CAPEC-208: Removing/short-circuiting 'Purse' logic: removing/mutating 'cash' decrements

An attacker removes or modifies the logic on a client associated with monetary calculations resulting in incorrect information being sent to the server. A server may rely on a client to correctly compute monetary information. For example, a server might supply a price for an item and then rely on the client to correctly compute the total cost of a purchase given the number of items the user is buying. If the attacker can remove or modify the logic that controls these calculations, they can return incorrect values to the server. The attacker can use this to make purchases for a fraction of the legitimate cost or otherwise avoid correct billing for activities.

CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers

An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies

This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.

CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring

An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.

CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.

CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation

An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.

CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.

CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content

An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.

CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.

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