CWE-62

UNIX Hard Link

The product, when opening a file or directory, does not sufficiently account for when the name is associated with a hard link to a target that is outside of the intended control sphere. This could allow an attacker to cause the product to operate on unauthorized files.

CVE-2024-36486 (GCVE-0-2024-36486)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-03 09:43 – Updated: 2025-06-03 13:22
VLAI?
Summary
A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the virtual machine archive restoration functionality of Parallels Desktop for Mac version 20.1.1 (55740). When an archived virtual machine is restored, the prl_vmarchiver tool decompresses the file and writes the content back to its original location using root privileges. An attacker can exploit this process by using a hard link to write to an arbitrary file, potentially resulting in privilege escalation.
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Parallels Parallels Desktop for Mac Affected: version 20.1.1 (55740)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Discovered by KPC of Cisco Talos.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T11:03:05.592Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2126"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-36486",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-06-03T13:22:10.357632Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T13:22:13.518Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2126"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "Parallels Desktop for Mac",
          "vendor": "Parallels",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "version 20.1.1 (55740)"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Discovered by KPC of Cisco Talos."
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the virtual machine archive restoration functionality of Parallels Desktop for Mac version 20.1.1 (55740). When an archived virtual machine is restored, the prl_vmarchiver tool decompresses the file and writes the content back to its original location using root privileges. An attacker can exploit this process by using a hard link to write to an arbitrary file, potentially resulting in privilege escalation."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-62",
              "description": "CWE-62: UNIX Hard Link",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T09:43:26.596Z",
        "orgId": "b86d76f8-0f8a-4a96-a78d-d8abfc7fc29b",
        "shortName": "talos"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2126",
          "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2126"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b86d76f8-0f8a-4a96-a78d-d8abfc7fc29b",
    "assignerShortName": "talos",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-36486",
    "datePublished": "2025-06-03T09:43:26.596Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-09T19:55:30.980Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T13:22:13.518Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

CVE-2024-54189 (GCVE-0-2024-54189)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-03 09:43 – Updated: 2025-06-03 13:19
VLAI?
Summary
A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Snapshot functionality of Parallels Desktop for Mac version 20.1.1 (build 55740). When a snapshot of a virtual machine is taken, a root service writes to a file owned by a normal user. By using a hard link, an attacker can write to an arbitrary file, potentially leading to privilege escalation.
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Parallels Parallels Desktop for Mac Affected: version 20.1.1 (55740)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Discovered by KPC of Cisco Talos.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T11:03:07.503Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2124"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-54189",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-06-03T13:19:44.951627Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T13:19:52.966Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2124"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "Parallels Desktop for Mac",
          "vendor": "Parallels",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "version 20.1.1 (55740)"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Discovered by KPC of Cisco Talos."
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Snapshot functionality of Parallels Desktop for Mac version 20.1.1 (build 55740). When a snapshot of a virtual machine is taken, a root service writes to a file owned by a normal user. By using a hard link, an attacker can write to an arbitrary file, potentially leading to privilege escalation."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-62",
              "description": "CWE-62: UNIX Hard Link",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T09:43:27.168Z",
        "orgId": "b86d76f8-0f8a-4a96-a78d-d8abfc7fc29b",
        "shortName": "talos"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2124",
          "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2124"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b86d76f8-0f8a-4a96-a78d-d8abfc7fc29b",
    "assignerShortName": "talos",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-54189",
    "datePublished": "2025-06-03T09:43:27.168Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-05T15:34:29.663Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T13:19:52.966Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

CVE-2026-32232 (GCVE-0-2026-32232)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 18:24 – Updated: 2026-03-12 20:46
VLAI?
Title
ZeptoClaw: Path boundary checks bypass via symlink, TOCTOU, and hardlink
Summary
ZeptoClaw is a personal AI assistant. Prior to 0.7.6, there is a Dangling Symlink Component Bypass, TOCTOU Between Validation and Use, and Hardlink Alias Bypass. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.7.6.
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-62 - UNIX Hard Link
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
qhkm zeptoclaw Affected: < 0.7.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-32232",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-03-12T20:39:17.690556Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-03-12T20:46:56.857Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "zeptoclaw",
          "vendor": "qhkm",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.7.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "ZeptoClaw is a personal AI assistant. Prior to 0.7.6, there is a Dangling Symlink Component Bypass, TOCTOU Between Validation and Use, and Hardlink Alias Bypass. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.7.6."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-22",
              "description": "CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-62",
              "description": "CWE-62: UNIX Hard Link",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-03-12T18:24:35.225Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/qhkm/zeptoclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-2m67-cxxq-c3h8",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/qhkm/zeptoclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-2m67-cxxq-c3h8"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/qhkm/zeptoclaw/commit/f50c17e11ae3e2d40c96730abac41974ef2ee2a8",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/qhkm/zeptoclaw/commit/f50c17e11ae3e2d40c96730abac41974ef2ee2a8"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-2m67-cxxq-c3h8",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "ZeptoClaw: Path boundary checks bypass via symlink, TOCTOU, and hardlink"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-32232",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-12T18:24:35.225Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-11T14:47:05.683Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-03-12T20:46:56.857Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}


Mitigation ID: MIT-48.1

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

Description:

  • Follow the principle of least privilege when assigning access rights to entities in a software system.
  • Denying access to a file can prevent an attacker from replacing that file with a link to a sensitive file. Ensure good compartmentalization in the system to provide protected areas that can be trusted.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

Back to CWE stats page