Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-78

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.

CVE-2026-25723 (GCVE-0-2026-25723)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-06 17:52 – Updated: 2026-02-06 18:40

Title

Claude Code Vulnerable to Command Injection via Piped sed Command Bypasses File Write Restrictions

Summary

Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to version 2.0.55, Claude Code failed to properly validate commands using piped sed operations with the echo command, allowing attackers to bypass file write restrictions. This vulnerability enabled writing to sensitive directories like the .claude folder and paths outside the project scope. Exploiting this required the ability to execute commands through Claude Code with the "accept edits" feature enabled. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.55.

Severity

7.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
anthropics	claude-code	Affected: < 2.0.55

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-25763 (GCVE-0-2026-25763)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-06 22:10 – Updated: 2026-02-09 15:26

Title

Command Injection on OpenProject repositories leads to Remote Code Execution

Summary

OpenProject is an open-source, web-based project management software. Prior to versions 16.6.7 and 17.0.3, an arbitrary file write vulnerability exists in OpenProject’s repository changes endpoint (/projects/:project_id/repository/changes) when rendering the “latest changes” view via git log. By supplying a specially crafted rev value (for example, rev=--output=/tmp/poc.txt), an attacker can inject git log command-line options. When OpenProject executes the SCM command, Git interprets the attacker-controlled rev as an option and writes the output to an attacker-chosen path. As a result, any user with the :browse_repository permission on the project can create or overwrite arbitrary files that the OpenProject process user is permitted to write. The written contents consist of git log output, but by crafting custom commits the attacker can still upload valid shell scripts, ultimately leading to RCE. The RCE lets the attacker create a reverse shell to the target host and view confidential files outside of OpenProject, such as /etc/passwd. This issue has been patched in versions 16.6.7 and 17.0.3.

Severity

9.4 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/opf/openproject/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/opf/openproject/releases/tag/v16.6.7	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/opf/openproject/releases/tag/v17.0.3	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
opf	openproject	Affected: < 16.6.7 Affected: < 17.0.3

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-25836 (GCVE-0-2026-25836)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 16:44 – Updated: 2026-05-12 16:54

Summary

An improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox Cloud 5.0.4, FortiSandbox PaaS 5.0.4 may allow a privileged attacker with super-admin profile and CLI access to execute unauthorized code or commands via crafted HTTP requests.

Severity

6.7 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Execute unauthorized code or commands

Assigner

fortinet

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-096

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Fortinet	FortiSandbox Cloud	Affected: 5.0.4 cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandboxcloud:5.0.4:::::::*
Fortinet	FortiSandbox PaaS	Affected: 5.0.4 cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandboxpaas:5.0.4:::::::*

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-25855 (GCVE-0-2026-25855)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-08 16:49 – Updated: 2026-06-08 18:12 X_Open Source

Title

OpenBullet2 0.3.2 Authenticated RCE via FileProxySource Script Upload

Summary

OpenBullet2 through version 0.3.2 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands by uploading script files (.bat.ps1.sh) through the FileProxySource proxy loading feature. Attackers can upload malicious script files as proxy sources, causing the server to execute the scripts and return output as proxy lines, resulting in arbitrary command execution on the host as the process user.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

VulnCheck

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://hackernoon.com/one-empty-header-to-admin-…	technical-descriptionexploit
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openbullet2-…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
openbullet	openbullet2	Affected: 0.2.5 , ≤ 0.3.2 (semver)

Date Public

2026-06-05 00:00

Credits

Maksim Rogov VulnCheck

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-25857 (GCVE-0-2026-25857)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-07 21:41 – Updated: 2026-05-11 23:11

Title

Tenda G300-F Command Injection via formSetWanDiag

Summary

Tenda G300-F router firmware version 16.01.14.2 and prior contain an OS command injection vulnerability in the WAN diagnostic functionality (formSetWanDiag). The implementation constructs a shell command that invokes curl and incorporates attacker-controlled input into the command line without adequate neutralization. As a result, a remote attacker with access to the affected management interface can inject additional shell syntax and execute arbitrary commands on the device with the privileges of the management process.

Severity

8.6 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

VulnCheck

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://blog.evan.lat/blog/cve-2026-25857/	technical-descriptionexploit
https://www.tendacn.com/material/show/736333682028613	product
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tenda-g300-f…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Shenzhen Tenda Technology	Tenda G300-F	Affected: 0 , ≤ 16.01.14.2 (custom)

Credits

evan

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-25933 (GCVE-0-2026-25933)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-12 19:57 – Updated: 2026-02-12 20:58

Title

Arduino App Lab has Improper Data Validation in Internal Terminal Interface

Summary

Arduino App Lab is a cross-platform IDE for developing Arduino Apps. Prior to 0.4.0, a vulnerability was identified in the Terminal component of the arduino-app-lab application. The issue stems from insufficient sanitization and validation of input data received from connected hardware devices, specifically in the _info.Serial and _info.Address metadata fields. The problem occurs during device information handling. When a board is connected, the application collects identifying attributes to establish a terminal session. Because strict validation is not enforced for the Serial and Address parameters, an attacker with control over the connected hardware can supply specially crafted strings containing shell metacharacters. The exploitation requires direct physical access to a previously tampered board. When the host system processes these fields, any injected payload is executed with the privileges of the user running arduino-app-lab. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.4.0.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-app-lab/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-app-lab/releas…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
arduino	arduino-app-lab	Affected: < 0.4.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-26009 (GCVE-0-2026-26009)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 18:58 – Updated: 2026-02-10 19:10

Title

Catalyst Affected by Remote Code Execution as Root via Containerized Install Script Execution

Summary

Catalyst is a platform built for enterprise game server hosts, game communities, and billing panel integrations. Install scripts defined in server templates execute directly on the host operating system as root via bash -c, with no sandboxing or containerization. Any user with template.create or template.update permission can define arbitrary shell commands that achieve full root-level remote code execution on every node machine in the cluster. This vulnerability is fixed in commit 11980aaf3f46315b02777f325ba02c56b110165d.

Severity

10 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/karutoil/catalyst/security/adv…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/karutoil/catalyst/commit/11980…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
karutoil	catalyst	Affected: < 11980aaf3f46315b02777f325ba02c56b110165d

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-26029 (GCVE-0-2026-26029)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-11 21:25 – Updated: 2026-02-12 15:41

Title

sf-mcp-server has a Command Injection in query_records tool due to unsafe use of child_process.exec

Summary

sf-mcp-server is an implementation of Salesforce MCP server for Claude for Desktop. A command injection vulnerability exists in sf-mcp-server due to unsafe use of child_process.exec when constructing Salesforce CLI commands with user-controlled input. Successful exploitation allows attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands with the privileges of the MCP server process.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/akutishevsky/sf-mcp-server/sec…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/akutishevsky/sf-mcp-server/com…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
akutishevsky	sf-mcp-server	Affected: < 1.0.3

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-26046 (GCVE-0-2026-26046)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-21 05:40 – Updated: 2026-02-26 14:44

Title

Moodle: moodle: improper input sanitization in tex filter administration setting

Summary

A vulnerability was found in a Moodle TeX filter administrative setting where insufficient sanitization of configuration input could allow command injection. On sites where the TeX filter is enabled and ImageMagick is installed, a maliciously crafted setting value entered by an administrator could result in unintended system command execution. While exploitation requires administrative privileges, successful compromise could affect the entire Moodle server.

Severity

7.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

fedora

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-26046	vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2440903	issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
		Affected: 0 , < 4.5.9 (semver) Affected: 5.0.0 , < 5.0.5 (semver) Affected: 5.1.0 , < 5.1.2 (semver)

Date Public

2026-02-19 00:00

Credits

Red Hat would like to thank Vicevirus for reporting this issue.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-26068 (GCVE-0-2026-26068)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-12 22:01 – Updated: 2026-02-13 17:17

Title

emp3r0r Agent-Controlled Metadata to Operator RCE (tmux Command Injection)

Summary

emp3r0r is a stealth-focused C2 designed by Linux users for Linux environments. Prior to 3.21.1, untrusted agent metadata (Transport, Hostname) is accepted during check-in and later interpolated into tmux shell command strings executed via /bin/sh -c. This enables command injection and remote code execution on the operator host. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.21.1.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/jm33-m0/emp3r0r/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/jm33-m0/emp3r0r/commit/0cd64e4…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jm33-m0/emp3r0r/releases/tag/v3.21.1	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
jm33-m0	emp3r0r	Affected: < 3.21.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation ID: MIT-22

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Description:

Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Description:

For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.

Mitigation ID: MIT-15

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation ID: MIT-4.3

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.

Mitigation ID: MIT-28

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

Description:

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.

Mitigation ID: MIT-27

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

Description:

If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.

Mitigation ID: MIT-5

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing OS command strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing OS command injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent OS command injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, when invoking a mail program, you might need to allow the subject field to contain otherwise-dangerous inputs like ";" and ">" characters, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the character might reduce the risk of OS command injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the subject field would not be recorded as the user intended. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it could be more important when the program relies on well-structured subject lines in order to pass messages to other components.
Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.

Mitigation ID: MIT-21

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

Description:

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation ID: MIT-32

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Description:

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation ID: MIT-32

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation ID: MIT-39

Phase: Implementation

Description:

Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of OS Command Injection, error information passed back to the user might reveal whether an OS command is being executed and possibly which command is being used.

Mitigation

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Description:

Use runtime policy enforcement to create an allowlist of allowable commands, then prevent use of any command that does not appear in the allowlist. Technologies such as AppArmor are available to do this.

Mitigation ID: MIT-29

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Description:

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation ID: MIT-17

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation ID: MIT-16

Phases: Operation, Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection

An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-6: Argument Injection

An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.

CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection

In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.

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