Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-78

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.

CVE-2026-2670 (GCVE-0-2026-2670)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-18 21:02 – Updated: 2026-02-23 10:25

Title

Advantech WISE-6610 Background Management openvpn_apply os command injection

Summary

A vulnerability was identified in Advantech WISE-6610 1.2.1_20251110. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/luci/admin/openvpn_apply of the component Background Management. Such manipulation of the argument delete_file leads to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Severity

8.6 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

7.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

7.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - OS Command Injection
CWE-77 - Command Injection

Assigner

VulDB

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.346467	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.346467	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.753293	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/master-abc/cve/issues/37	exploitissue-tracking
https://www.advantech.com/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Advantech	WISE-6610	Affected: 1.2.1_20251110

Credits

jiefengliang (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-2686 (GCVE-0-2026-2686)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-19 00:02 – Updated: 2026-02-24 15:49

Title

SECCN Dingcheng G10 session_login.cgi qq os command injection

Summary

A security vulnerability has been detected in SECCN Dingcheng G10 3.1.0.181203. This impacts the function qq of the file /cgi-bin/session_login.cgi. The manipulation of the argument User leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:W/RC:R

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:W/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - OS Command Injection
CWE-77 - Command Injection

Assigner

VulDB

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.346488	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.346488	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.754200	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/cha0yang1/SECCN/blob/main/Unau…	related
https://github.com/cha0yang1/SECCN/blob/main/Unau…	exploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
SECCN Dingcheng	G10	Affected: 3.1.0.181203

Credits

Ruler-Chovy (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-26942 (GCVE-0-2026-26942)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 16:34 – Updated: 2026-04-22 03:56

Summary

Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 8.5 through 8.6 contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS command injection vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to arbitrary command execution with root privileges.

Severity

6.7 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

dell

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00045069…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Dell	PowerProtect Data Domain	Affected: 0 , < 8.6.1.10, 8.7.0.0 or later (semver) Affected: 0 , < 2.7.9 with DD OS 8.3.1.30 (semver)

Date Public

2026-04-15 18:30

Credits

Dell would like to thank brocked200 (Nguyen Quoc Khanh) for reporting these issues.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-26943 (GCVE-0-2026-26943)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 16:28 – Updated: 2026-04-22 03:56

Summary

Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.6, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.0 through 8.3.1.20, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.60 contain an OS command injection vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to arbitrary command execution with root privileges.

Severity

7.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

dell

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00045069…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Dell	PowerProtect Data Domain	Affected: 0 , < 8.6.1.10, 8.7.0.0 or later (semver) Affected: 0 , < 8.3.1.30 or later (semver) Affected: 0 , < 7.13.1.70 or later (semver) Affected: 0 , < 2.7.9 with DD OS 8.3.1.30 (semver)

Date Public

2026-04-15 18:30

Credits

Dell would like to thank brocked200 (Nguyen Quoc Khanh) for reporting these issues.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-26982 (GCVE-0-2026-26982)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-09 21:14 – Updated: 2026-03-10 15:03

Title

Ghostty affected by arbitrary command execution via control characters in paste and drag-and-drop operations

Summary

Ghostty is a cross-platform terminal emulator. Ghostty allows control characters such as 0x03 (Ctrl+C) in pasted and dropped text. These can be used to execute arbitrary commands in some shell environments. This attack requires an attacker to convince the user to copy and paste or drag and drop malicious text. The attack requires user interaction to be triggered, but the dangerous characters are invisible in most GUI environments so it isn't trivially detected, especially if the string contents are complex. Fixed in Ghostty v1.3.0.

Severity

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/security/a…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/pull/10746	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/commit/fe7…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ghostty-org	ghostty	Affected: < 1.3.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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CVE-2026-2701 (GCVE-0-2026-2701)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-02 13:04 – Updated: 2026-04-03 03:55

Title

RCE vulnerability in Progress ShareFile Storage Zones Controller (SZC)

Summary

Authenticated user can upload a malicious file to the server and execute it, which leads to remote code execution.

Severity

9.1 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

ProgressSoftware

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://docs.sharefile.com/en-us/storage-zones-co…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Progress	ShareFile Storage Zones Controller	Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.12.3 (semver)

Credits

Piotr Bazydlo of watchTowr

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-27113 (GCVE-0-2026-27113)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 21:34 – Updated: 2026-02-23 19:39

Title

Liquid Prompt arbitrary command injection via crafted Git branch names in gitstatusd backend

Summary

Liquid Prompt is an adaptive prompt for Bash and Zsh. Starting in commit cf3441250bb5d8b45f6f8b389fcdf427a99ac28a and prior to commit a4f6b8d8c90b3eaa33d13dfd1093062ab9c4b30c on the master branch, arbitrary command injection can lead to code execution when a user enters a directory in a Git repository containing a crafted branch name. Exploitation requires the LP_ENABLE_GITSTATUSD config option to be enabled (enabled by default), gitstatusd to be installed and started before Liquid Prompt is loaded (not the default), and shell prompt substitution to be active (enabled by default in Bash via "shopt -s promptvars", not enabled by default in Zsh). A branch name containing shell syntax such as "$(...)" or backtick expressions in the default branch or a checked-out branch will be evaluated by the shell when the prompt is rendered. No stable release is affected; only the master branch contains the vulnerable commit. Commit a4f6b8d8c90b3eaa33d13dfd1093062ab9c4b30c contains a fix. As a workaround, set the LP_ENABLE_GITSTATUSD config option to 0.

Severity

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/liquidprompt/liquidprompt/secu…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/liquidprompt/liquidprompt/comm…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
liquidprompt	liquidprompt	Affected: >= cf3441250bb5d8b45f6f8b389fcdf427a99ac28a, < a4f6b8d8c90b3eaa33d13dfd1093062ab9c4b30c

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-27130 (GCVE-0-2026-27130)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-18 20:58 – Updated: 2026-05-19 16:26

Title

Dokploy has Command Injection in its Service Operations

Summary

Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). Versions 0.26.6 and below have OS command injection through the appName parameter. 3 chained issues cause this problem: inadequate input sanitization, lack of schema validation and direct shell interpolation. User-controlled application names are passed through inadequate sanitization (cleanAppName function only replaces spaces and converts to lowercase) before being interpolated directly into shell commands executed via execAsync() and execAsyncRemote(). An authenticated attacker can inject shell metacharacters (e.g., ;, $(), backticks, |, &) in the appName field during application creation, which are then executed with server-level privileges when service operations (start, stop, remove, scale) are triggered. This issue has been resolved in version 0.26.7.

Severity

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/Dokploy/dokploy/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/Dokploy/dokploy/commit/960892f…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Dokploy	dokploy	Affected: < 0.26.7

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-27175 (GCVE-0-2026-27175)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-18 21:10 – Updated: 2026-05-24 01:37

Title

MajorDoMo Command Injection in rc/index.php via Race Condition

Summary

MajorDoMo (aka Major Domestic Module) is vulnerable to unauthenticated OS command injection via rc/index.php. The $param variable from user input is interpolated into a command string within double quotes without sanitization via escapeshellarg(). The command is inserted into a database queue by safe_exec(), which performs no sanitization. The cycle_execs.php script, which is web-accessible without authentication, retrieves queued commands and passes them directly to exec(). An attacker can exploit a race condition by first triggering cycle_execs.php (which purges the queue and enters a polling loop), then injecting a malicious command via the rc endpoint while the worker is polling. The injected shell metacharacters expand inside double quotes, achieving remote code execution within one second.

Severity

9.2 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

VulnCheck

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://chocapikk.com/posts/2026/majordomo-revisited/	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/sergejey/majordomo/pull/1177	patch
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/majordomo-co…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
sergejey	MajorDoMo	Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)

Date Public

2026-02-17 00:00

Credits

Valentin Lobstein

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-27190 (GCVE-0-2026-27190)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 20:52 – Updated: 2026-02-24 18:30

Title

Deno has a Command Injection via Incomplete shell metacharacter blocklist in node:child_process

Summary

Deno is a JavaScript, TypeScript, and WebAssembly runtime. Prior to 2.6.8, a command injection vulnerability exists in Deno's node:child_process implementation. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.6.8.

Severity

8.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/denoland/deno/security/advisor…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/denoland/deno/commit/9132ad958…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/denoland/deno/releases/tag/v2.6.8	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
denoland	deno	Affected: < 2.6.8

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation ID: MIT-22

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Description:

Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Description:

For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.

Mitigation ID: MIT-15

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation ID: MIT-4.3

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.

Mitigation ID: MIT-28

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

Description:

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.

Mitigation ID: MIT-27

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

Description:

If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.

Mitigation ID: MIT-5

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing OS command strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing OS command injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent OS command injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, when invoking a mail program, you might need to allow the subject field to contain otherwise-dangerous inputs like ";" and ">" characters, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the character might reduce the risk of OS command injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the subject field would not be recorded as the user intended. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it could be more important when the program relies on well-structured subject lines in order to pass messages to other components.
Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.

Mitigation ID: MIT-21

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

Description:

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation ID: MIT-32

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Description:

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation ID: MIT-32

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation ID: MIT-39

Phase: Implementation

Description:

Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of OS Command Injection, error information passed back to the user might reveal whether an OS command is being executed and possibly which command is being used.

Mitigation

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Description:

Use runtime policy enforcement to create an allowlist of allowable commands, then prevent use of any command that does not appear in the allowlist. Technologies such as AppArmor are available to do this.

Mitigation ID: MIT-29

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Description:

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation ID: MIT-17

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation ID: MIT-16

Phases: Operation, Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection

An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-6: Argument Injection

An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.

CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection

In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.

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