Vulnerability-Lookup

(GHSA-W9FJ-CFPG-GRVV)

Vulnerability from cleanstart – Published: 2026-09-18 10:24 – Updated: 2026-03-31 07:55 – Source website

Summary

Security fix for ghsa-w9fj-cfpg-grvv applied in: cloud-config-server 4.3.2-r3, cloudwatch-exporter 0.16.0-r1, elasticsearch 9.2.7-r0, incubator-kie-kogito-data-index-ephemeral 10.1.0-r1, kafka-ui 1.2.0-r4, kafka-ui 1.3.0-r2, kafka-ui 1.4.2-r5, keycloak 26.4.10-r0, keycloak 26.4.11-r2, keycloak 26.5.6-r3, keycloak 26.5.6-r5, keycloak 26.5.7-r0, keycloak 26.6.1-r1, kogito-apps 10.1.0-r1, kserve-modelmesh 0.10.0-r0, kserve-modelmesh 0.12.0-r0, management-api-for-apache-cassandra-5.0 0.1.111-r2, management-api-for-apache-cassandra-5.0 0.1.118-r2, s3proxy 3.3.0-r1, sonarqube 25.12.0.117093-r3, sonarqube 26.4.0.121862-r2, spark-sc213-jdk17-py311 4.1.1-r2, stargate 2.0.44-r6, stargate 2.0.48-r0, strimzi-kafka-operator 0.50.1-r1, thingsboard 4.3.1-r1, thingsboard 4.3.1.1-r0, wavefront-proxy 13.7-r0, wavefront-proxy 13.8-r0, wildfly 39.0.1-r0

Details

ghsa-w9fj-cfpg-grvv affects multiple packages. This issue is resolved in later releases. See references for individual vulnerability details.

References

URL

Type

	https://github.com/cleanstart-dev/cleanstart-secu…	ADVISORY
	https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-w9fj-cfpg-grvv	WEB

JSON

To clipboard

{
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      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "cloud-config-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
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        "name": "kafka-ui"
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            {
              "fixed": "26.5.6-r3"
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    {
      "package": {
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        "name": "keycloak"
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            {
              "fixed": "26.5.7-r0"
            }
          ],
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        }
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    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "keycloak"
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          "events": [
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            {
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            }
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      ]
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      "package": {
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        "name": "kserve-modelmesh"
      },
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        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.10.0-r0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
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      },
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        {
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              "introduced": "0"
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            {
              "fixed": "0.12.0-r0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
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        "name": "management-api-for-apache-cassandra-5.0"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.1.111-r2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "management-api-for-apache-cassandra-5.0"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.1.118-r2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "s3proxy"
      },
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        {
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            {
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        "name": "sonarqube"
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        "name": "stargate"
      },
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              "introduced": "0"
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              "fixed": "2.0.44-r6"
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          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
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    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "stargate"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.48-r0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "strimzi-kafka-operator"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.50.1-r1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "thingsboard"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.3.1-r1"
            }
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        }
      ]
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    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "thingsboard"
      },
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              "fixed": "4.3.1.1-r0"
            }
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      ]
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    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "wavefront-proxy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "13.7-r0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "wavefront-proxy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "13.8-r0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "wildfly"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "39.0.1-r0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "credits": [],
  "database_specific": {},
  "details": "ghsa-w9fj-cfpg-grvv affects multiple packages. This issue is resolved in later releases. See references for individual vulnerability details.",
  "id": "CLEANSTART-2026-FG87106",
  "modified": "2026-03-31T07:55:31Z",
  "published": "2026-09-18T10:24:16.208517Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/cleanstart-dev/cleanstart-security-advisories/tree/main/advisories/2026/CLEANSTART-2026-FG87106.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-w9fj-cfpg-grvv"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.3",
  "summary": "Security fix for ghsa-w9fj-cfpg-grvv applied in: cloud-config-server 4.3.2-r3, cloudwatch-exporter 0.16.0-r1, elasticsearch 9.2.7-r0, incubator-kie-kogito-data-index-ephemeral 10.1.0-r1, kafka-ui 1.2.0-r4, kafka-ui 1.3.0-r2, kafka-ui 1.4.2-r5, keycloak 26.4.10-r0, keycloak 26.4.11-r2, keycloak 26.5.6-r3, keycloak 26.5.6-r5, keycloak 26.5.7-r0, keycloak 26.6.1-r1, kogito-apps 10.1.0-r1, kserve-modelmesh 0.10.0-r0, kserve-modelmesh 0.12.0-r0, management-api-for-apache-cassandra-5.0 0.1.111-r2, management-api-for-apache-cassandra-5.0 0.1.118-r2, s3proxy 3.3.0-r1, sonarqube 25.12.0.117093-r3, sonarqube 26.4.0.121862-r2, spark-sc213-jdk17-py311 4.1.1-r2, stargate 2.0.44-r6, stargate 2.0.48-r0, strimzi-kafka-operator 0.50.1-r1, thingsboard 4.3.1-r1, thingsboard 4.3.1.1-r0, wavefront-proxy 13.7-r0, wavefront-proxy 13.8-r0, wildfly 39.0.1-r0",
  "upstream": [
    "ghsa-w9fj-cfpg-grvv"
  ]
}

GHSA-W9FJ-CFPG-GRVV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-26 18:49 – Updated: 2026-03-27 21:48

Summary

Netty HTTP/2 CONTINUATION Frame Flood DoS via Zero-Byte Frame Bypass

Details

Summary

A remote user can trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) against a Netty HTTP/2 server by sending a flood of CONTINUATION frames. The server's lack of a limit on the number of CONTINUATION frames, combined with a bypass of existing size-based mitigations using zero-byte frames, allows an user to cause excessive CPU consumption with minimal bandwidth, rendering the server unresponsive.

Details

The vulnerability exists in Netty's DefaultHttp2FrameReader. When an HTTP/2 HEADERS frame is received without the END_HEADERS flag, the server expects one or more subsequent CONTINUATION frames. However, the implementation does not enforce a limit on the count of these CONTINUATION frames.

The key issue is located in codec-http2/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/codec/http2/DefaultHttp2FrameReader.java. The verifyContinuationFrame() method checks for stream association but fails to implement a frame count limit.

Any user can exploit this by sending a stream of CONTINUATION frames with a zero-byte payload. While Netty has a maxHeaderListSize protection to limit the total size of headers, this check is never triggered by zero-byte frames. The logic effectively evaluates to maxHeaderListSize - 0 < currentSize, which will not trigger the limit until a non-zero byte is added. As a result, the server is forced to process an unlimited number of frames, consuming a CPU thread and monopolizing the connection.

codec-http2/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/codec/http2/DefaultHttp2FrameReader.java

verifyContinuationFrame() (lines 381-393) — No frame count check:

private void verifyContinuationFrame() throws Http2Exception {
    verifyAssociatedWithAStream();
    if (headersContinuation == null) {
        throw connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, "...");
    }
    if (streamId != headersContinuation.getStreamId()) {
        throw connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, "...");
    }
    // NO frame count limit!
}

HeadersBlockBuilder.addFragment() (lines 695-723) — Byte limit bypassed by 0-byte frames:

// Line 710-711: This check NEVER fires when len=0
if (headersDecoder.configuration().maxHeaderListSizeGoAway() - len <
        headerBlock.readableBytes()) {
    headerSizeExceeded();  // 10240 - 0 < 1 => FALSE always
}

When len=0: maxGoAway - 0 < readableBytes → 10240 < 1 → FALSE. The byte limit is never triggered.

Impact

This is a CPU-based Denial of Service (DoS). Any service using Netty's default HTTP/2 server implementation is impacted. An unauthenticated user can exhaust server CPU resources and block legitimate users, leading to service unavailability. The low bandwidth requirement for the attack makes it highly practical.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.132.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 4.2.10.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.11.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33871"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-26T18:49:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T20:16:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA remote user can trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) against a Netty HTTP/2 server by sending a flood of `CONTINUATION` frames. The server\u0027s lack of a limit on the number of `CONTINUATION` frames, combined with a bypass of existing size-based mitigations using zero-byte frames, allows an user to cause excessive CPU consumption with minimal bandwidth, rendering the server unresponsive.\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerability exists in Netty\u0027s `DefaultHttp2FrameReader`. When an HTTP/2 `HEADERS` frame is received without the `END_HEADERS` flag, the server expects one or more subsequent `CONTINUATION` frames. However, the implementation does not enforce a limit on the *count* of these `CONTINUATION` frames.\n\nThe key issue is located in `codec-http2/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/codec/http2/DefaultHttp2FrameReader.java`. The `verifyContinuationFrame()` method checks for stream association but fails to implement a frame count limit.\n\nAny user can exploit this by sending a stream of `CONTINUATION` frames with a zero-byte payload. While Netty has a `maxHeaderListSize` protection to limit the total size of headers, this check is never triggered by zero-byte frames. The logic effectively evaluates to `maxHeaderListSize - 0 \u003c currentSize`, which will not trigger the limit until a non-zero byte is added. As a result, the server is forced to process an unlimited number of frames, consuming a CPU thread and monopolizing the connection.\n\n`codec-http2/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/codec/http2/DefaultHttp2FrameReader.java`\n\n**`verifyContinuationFrame()` (lines 381-393)** \u2014 No frame count check:\n```java\nprivate void verifyContinuationFrame() throws Http2Exception {\n    verifyAssociatedWithAStream();\n    if (headersContinuation == null) {\n        throw connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, \"...\");\n    }\n    if (streamId != headersContinuation.getStreamId()) {\n        throw connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, \"...\");\n    }\n    // NO frame count limit!\n}\n```\n\n**`HeadersBlockBuilder.addFragment()` (lines 695-723)** \u2014 Byte limit bypassed by 0-byte frames:\n```java\n// Line 710-711: This check NEVER fires when len=0\nif (headersDecoder.configuration().maxHeaderListSizeGoAway() - len \u003c\n        headerBlock.readableBytes()) {\n    headerSizeExceeded();  // 10240 - 0 \u003c 1 =\u003e FALSE always\n}\n```\n\nWhen `len=0`: `maxGoAway - 0 \u003c readableBytes` \u2192 `10240 \u003c 1` \u2192 FALSE. The byte limit is never triggered.\n\n### Impact\nThis is a CPU-based Denial of Service (DoS). Any service using Netty\u0027s default HTTP/2 server implementation is impacted. An unauthenticated user can exhaust server CPU resources and block legitimate users, leading to service unavailability. The low bandwidth requirement for the attack makes it highly practical.",
  "id": "GHSA-w9fj-cfpg-grvv",
  "modified": "2026-03-27T21:48:53Z",
  "published": "2026-03-26T18:49:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-w9fj-cfpg-grvv"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33871"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Netty HTTP/2 CONTINUATION Frame Flood DoS via Zero-Byte Frame Bypass"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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(GHSA-W9FJ-CFPG-GRVV)

GHSA-W9FJ-CFPG-GRVV

Summary

Details

Impact

Tags

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