var-200404-0150
Vulnerability from variot

A vulnerability exists in the reliance of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to maintain persistent sessions. Sustained exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to a denial-of-service condition affecting a large segment of the Internet community. Normal operations would most likely resume shortly after the attack stopped. McAfee Data Loss Prevention (DLP) is a set of data loss prevention solutions from McAfee. The solution protects intellectual property and ensures compliance by protecting the environment in which sensitive data resides (on-premise, in the cloud, or on the endpoint). Cross-site scripting vulnerabilities and cross-site request forgery vulnerabilities exist in McAfee DLP. When the user browses the affected website, his browser will execute any script code provided by the attacker, which may cause the attacker to steal cookie-based authentication, perform unauthorized operations, leak or modify sensitive information, or other forms may exist. s attack. A vulnerability in TCP implementations may permit unauthorized remote users to reset TCP sessions. This issue affects products released by multiple vendors. Exploiting this issue may permit remote attackers to more easily approximate TCP sequence numbers. The problem is that affected implementations will accept TCP sequence numbers within a certain range of the expected sequence number for a packet in the session. This will permit a remote attacker to inject a SYN or RST packet into the session, causing it to be reset and effectively allowing denial-of-service attacks. An attacker would exploit this issue by sending a packet to a receiving implementation with an approximated sequence number and a forged source IP and TCP port. Few factors may present viable target implementations, such as imlementations that: - depend on long-lived TCP connections - have known or easily guessed IP address endpoints - have known or easily guessed TCP source ports. As a result, this issue is likely to affect a number of routing platforms. Note also that while a number of vendors have confirmed this issue in various products, investigations are ongoing and it is likely that many other vendors and products will turn out to be vulnerable as the issue is investigated further. Other consequences may also result from this issue, such as injecting specific data in TCP sessions, but this has not been confirmed. **Update: Microsoft platforms are also reported prone to this vulnerability. Vendor reports indicate that an attacker will require knowledge of the IP address and port numbers of the source and destination of an existent legitimate TCP connection in order to exploit this vulnerability on Microsoft platforms. Other attacks may also be possible.

NISCC Vulnerability Advisory 236929

National Infrastructure Security Co-Ordination Centre

NISCC Vulnerability Advisory 236929

Vulnerability Issues in TCP



Version Information

Advisory Reference 236929
Release Date 20 April 2004
Last Revision 22 April 2004
Version Number 1.4
 

What is Affected?

The vulnerability described in this advisory affects implementations of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) that comply with the Internet Engineering Task Force\x92s (IETF\x92s) Requests For Comments (RFCs) for TCP, including RFC 793, the original specification, and RFC 1323, TCP Extensions for High Performance.

TCP is a core network protocol used in the majority of networked computer systems today. Many vendors include support for this protocol in their products and may be impacted to varying degrees. Furthermore any network service or application that relies on a TCP connection will also be impacted, the severity depending primarily on the duration of the TCP session.


Severity

The impact of this vulnerability varies by vendor and application, but in some deployment scenarios it is rated critical. Please see the vendor section below for further information. Alternatively contact your vendor for product specific information.

If exploited, the vulnerability could allow an attacker to create a Denial of Service condition against existing TCP connections, resulting in premature session termination. The resulting session termination will affect the application layer, the nature and severity of the effects being dependent on the application layer protocol. The primary dependency is on the duration of the TCP connection, with a further dependency on knowledge of the network (IP) addresses of the end points of the TCP connection.

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is judged to be potentially most affected by this vulnerability.

BGP relies on a persistent TCP session between BGP peers. Resetting the connection can result in medium term unavailability due to the need to rebuild routing tables and route flapping.  Route flapping may result in route dampening (suppression) if the route flaps occur frequently within a short time interval.  The overall impact on BGP is likely to be moderate based on the likelihood of successful attack. If the TCP MD5 Signature Option and anti-spoofing measures are used then the impact will be low as these measures will successfully mitigate the vulnerability.

There is a potential impact on other application protocols such as DNS (Domain Name System) and SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) in the case of zone transfers and ecommerce transactions respectively, but the duration of the sessions is relatively short and the sessions can be restarted without medium term unavailability problems. In the case of SSL it may be difficult to guess the source IP address.

Data injection may be possible. However, this has not been demonstrated and appears to be problematic.


Summary

The issue described in this advisory is the practicability of resetting an established TCP connection by sending suitable TCP packets with the RST (Reset) or SYN (Synchronise) flags set.

The packets need to have source and destination IP addresses that match the established connection as well as the same source and destination TCP ports.

The fact that TCP sessions can be reset by sending suitable RST and SYN packets is a design feature of TCP according to RFC 793, but a reset attack is only possible at all because the source IP address and TCP port can be forged or \x93spoofed\x94.

Although denial of service using crafted TCP packets is a well known weakness of TCP, until recently it was believed that a successful denial of service attack was not achievable in practice. The reason for this is that the receiving TCP implementation checks the sequence number of the RST or SYN packet, which is a 32 bit number, giving a probability of 1/232 of guessing the sequence number correctly (assuming a random distribution).

The discoverer of the practicability of the RST attack was Paul A. Watson, who describes his research in his paper \x93Slipping In The Window: TCP Reset Attacks\x94, presented at the CanSecWest 2004 conference.


Details

TCP is the transport layer protocol designed to provide connection-oriented reliable delivery of IP packets. The acknowledgement number is not used in a RST packet because a reset does not expect a packet in return. (To be completely accurate, although the last statement is true for a RST packet without the ACK flag set, used to indicate that a TCP port is closed, a RST/ACK is used to terminate an active connection in the event of error. In a RST/ACK packet an acknowledgement number is included in the packet, although it is not checked by the receiving TCP implementation.)

RFC 793, p36, states the following:

"In all states except SYN-SENT, all reset (RST) segments are validated by checking their SEQ-fields [sequence numbers]. A reset is valid if its sequence number is in the window. In the SYN-SENT state (a RST received in response to an initial SYN), the RST is acceptable if the ACK field acknowledges the SYN."

Resets must be processed immediately. RFC 793, p25, says "[\x85] [E]ven when the receive window is zero, a TCP must process the RST and URG fields of all incoming segments."

It is also possible to perform the same attack with SYN (synchronise) packets. RFC 793, p31 states:

\x93The principle reason for the three-way handshake is to prevent old duplicate connection initiations from causing confusion. To deal with this, a special control message, reset, has been devised. [\x85] If the TCP is in one of the synchronized states (ESTABLISHED, FIN-WAIT-1, FIN-WAIT-2, CLOSE-WAIT, CLOSING, LAST-ACK, TIME-WAIT), it aborts the connection and informs its user.\x94

TCP window sizes are negotiated in the initial 3-way handshake used to set up a TCP connection, with higher values serving to improve throughput in some circumstances. Vendor-chosen defaults also influence the selection. This is the basis for the attack.

A TCP connection is defined by a 4-tuple comprising source and destination IP addresses, and source and destination ports. An attacker seeking to disrupt an existing TCP connection must supply the 4-tuple correctly. As the source port varies, additional work is generally called for on the part of the attacker. However, research (referenced below) has shown that the process of source port selection on many platforms includes predictable elements, so that the attack remains practicable. By weighting 'likely' source port values carefully, an attacker can disrupt TCP implementations that employ a range of window sizes.

Application layer protocols that are critically affected are those that:

\x95 Depend on long lived TCP connections
\x95 Have known or easy-to-guess IP address end points
\x95 Have easy to an easy-to-guess source TCP port

As noted above BGP does use long lived TCP connections, and the IP addresses and source port (and destination port) are sometimes available through the use of BGP looking glasses (multi-source, multi-destination trace route tools) or DNS resource records. Using \x93trace route\x94 commands can provide information on peering point IP addresses. Thus BGP is likely to be critically affected by the TCP vulnerability.

These denial of service attacks can be carried out by single machine, or by multiple co-operating systems (to form a distributed denial of service attack).

It is also possible to inject packets, which will be processed if they are in the window. The difficulty with data injection attacks is that the receiving TCP implementation will reassemble the packets received according to sequence number, dropping any duplicate packets.


Vendor specific information will be released as it becomes available and if vendor permission has been received. Subscribers are advised to check the following URL regularly for updates:

http://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/236929/index.htm

[Please note that updates to this advisory will not be notified by email.]

This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE name CAN-2004-0230.

The Open Source Vulnerability Database ID number for this vulnerability is 4030.


Mitigation

The following mitigation steps are still being evaluated and may be incomplete. Customers should work with vendors for the workaround most appropriate for the product in question.

In the absence of vendor patching of the TCP implementation, the following are general mitigating steps:

\x95 Implement IP Security (IPSEC) which will encrypt traffic at the network layer, so TCP information will not be visible
\x95 Reduce the TCP window size (although this could increase traffic loss and subsequent retransmission)
\x95 Do not publish TCP source port information

It should be noted that IPSEC provides confidentiality and authentication services at the network layer, and can provide a measure of trust in the authenticity of the end points as well as encryption of traffic between the end points.  However, in the context of the current attack IPSEC will reject RST and SYN packets that are not part of a secure IP packet stream.

To change the TCP window size, in some Unix variants you can set a value of the default TCP windows size by using the \x93sysctl\x94 program (\x93ndd -set\x94 in the case of Sun Solaris). In the case of Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP/2003, the default window size can be changed by modifying the value of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters key. As noted above, great care should be exercised when altering the default TCP window size as network performance could be adversely affected.

In the case of BGP, the following may counter the problem:

\x95 Implement ingress and egress filtering to check that the traffic entering or leaving the network has a source IP address that is expected on the router/firewall interface that receives the traffic
\x95 Implement the TCP MD5 Signature Option to checksum the TCP packet carrying the BGP application data (see RFC 2385), being careful to set and maintain strong (i.e. difficult to guess) passwords to which the MD5 checksum is applied.  Also see RFC 3562 which discusses the security requirements of this keying material.
\x95 Limit the amount of information available through looking glasses and DNS resource records, being careful not to expose TCP port information unnecessarily

The IETF ingress filtering standard is defined in RFC 2827. A discussion of egress filtering can be found at http://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm.

The use of the TCP MD5 Signature Option will prevent the exploitation of this vulnerability. Router customers should implement this on all BGP peering points if it is supported by the router, upgrading the router firmware if necessary.


Solution

Please refer to the Vendor Information section of this advisory for implementation specific remediation.

Some vendors will have reduced the likelihood of successful denial of service by amending the TCP implementation to issue a further acknowledgment packet challenge for RST and SYN packets that do not have exactly the expected sequence number.

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has published an Internet Draft to co-incide with the release of this advisory.  The text of this draft is available from the IETF web site:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt

NISCC has produced best practice guidelines for BGP available at
http://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP Filtering Guide.pdf

Secure configuration templates for BGP implementations on Cisco IOS and Juniper JUNOS can be found at:

\x95 Cisco http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html
\x95 Juniper http://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf

Guidance on tuning of the IP stack for a number of different UNIX operating systems is available at http://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html


Vendor Information

The following vendors have provided information about how their products are affected by these vulnerabilities.

Please note that JPCERT/CC have released a Japanese language advisory for this vulnerability which contains additional information regarding Japanese vendors. This advisory is available at http://www.jpcert.or.jp/at/2004/at040003.txt.

Certicom Internet Initiative Japan, Inc NEC
Check Point InterNiche Nortel
Cisco Juniper Networks Polycom
Cray Inc Lucent Technologies Secure Computing Corporation
Hitachi Mitel Networks Yamaha
Innovaphone MRLG  


Certicom
  Certicom has examined the National Infrastructure Security Coordination Centre (NISCC) advisory and determined it is not vulnerable.

Certicom Developer Toolkits for SSL (SSL Plus, SSL Plus for Java, Security Builder SSL-C and Security Builder SSL-J) do not provide a TCP/IP transport mechanism, but rather utilize the supported operating system's TCP/IP stack. The vulnerability is against the TCP/IP stack itself, and not directly against the functionality offered by Certicom toolkits. Therefore, there is no patch or workaround that can be implemented within Certicom products. The patch or workaround must be provided by the operating system vendor.

Customers are urged to contact their operating system vendors to determine if they have provided a workaround to this advisory. If you have any further questions please do not hesitate to contact support@certicom.com.
Check Point
  The latest release for VPN-1/FireWall-1 (R55 HFA-03) contains a protection against this vulnerability.  The protection applies to both the firewall device and to hosts behind the firewall.

Please refer to the Check Point web site for further information at:
http://www.checkpoint.com/techsupport/alerts/tcp_dos.html.
Cisco
  Cisco Systems is addressing the vulnerabilities identified by NISCC Vulnerability Advisory 236929 across its entire product line.  Cisco has released two related advisories:

TCP Vulnerabilities in Multiple IOS-Based Cisco Products
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-ios.shtml

TCP Vulnerabilities in Multiple Non-IOS Cisco Products
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-nonios.shtml
Cray Inc
  Cray Inc. is vulnerable on their UNICOS, UNICOS/mk and UNICOS/mp systems.  Spr's have been opened to track this issue.  Please contact your local Cray Service Representative for more information.
Hitachi
  Hitachi is investigating the potential impact to Hitachi's products.
Innovaphone
  Not vulnerable.
Internet Initiative Japan, Inc (IIJ)
  IIJ will release a new firmware to fix this vulnerability.  Details are available on their web site at http://www.seil.jp/en/ann/announce_en_20040421_01.txt.
InterNiche
  === NicheStack v2.0 TCP/IP ===

InterNiche Technologies has updated its NicheStack v2.0 TCP/IP product to handle the scenarios described in NISCC Vulnerability Notice #236929.  The patch is available to all InterNiche customers in accordance with the terms of their current support agreements.

More information can be found on www.iNiche.com or through support@iNiche.com


=== NicheLite v2.0 TCP/IP ===

InterNiche Technologies has updated its NicheLite v2.0 TCP/IP product to handle the scenarios described in NISCC Vulnerability Notice #236929.  The patch is available to all InterNiche customers in accordance with the terms of their current support agreements.

More information can be found on www.iNiche.com or through support@iNiche.com
Juniper Networks
  Juniper Networks products are susceptible to this vulnerability. Software is available that implements several mechanisms to mitigate the associated risks. Customers should contact Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center for availability and download instructions.

Additional information is posted on our web site at https://www.juniper.net/support.
Lucent Technologies
  Lucent Technologies is aware of this vulnerability advisory and is investigating any potential impact to its product portfolio. As further information becomes available, Lucent will provide information directly to its customers, if appropriate.
Mitel Networks
  Mitel is aware of the vulnerability and is working with the vendors of our underlying networking software to assess the impact and, if necessary, determine potential solutions. When more information becomes available, an advisory will be issued. Please contact 'security@mitel.com' if you have specific questions.
MRLG
  A new version of the Multi-Router Looking Glass tool (4.3.0) has been released.  This includes a patch that prevents a remote user from utilising the "sh ip bgp neighbors" functionality.  This new version is available from ftp://ftp.enterzone.net/looking-glass/CURRENT/.
NEC
  NEC is aware of this vulnerability and is trying to determine potential impacts on our products.
Nortel Networks
  Nortel Networks has evaluated this issue and testing has confirmed that it is possible to successfully exploit this vulnerability. However, the preconditions for a successful exploitation require levels of access to the network that are unlikely to be achieved in a normal network operating environment; furthermore, such levels of access would enable other forms of attack with much greater impact than that achievable by exploiting this vulnerability.

Nortel Networks is continuing to validate that this vulnerability has no serious consequences for Nortel equipment, and will update this statement periodically.
Polycom
  Polycom has investigated the potential impact to our products for NISCC Advisory 236929.

Specific product information will be provided at http://www.polycom.com/securitycenter.
Secure Computing Corporation
  The Sidewinder and Sidewinder G2 firewalls offer protection against this attack at all releases. As application-layer firewalls, Sidewinder and Sidewinder G2 offer protection to systems behind the firewall as well as protecting management connections to the firewall.
Yamaha
  Pending.


Acknowledgements

NISCC wishes to thank the following:

\x95 Steve Bellovin, Rob Thomas and Paul Watson for their contributions to this advisory.
\x95 Cisco Systems Inc. and Juniper Networks Inc. for their help with the content of this advisory and for their support during the disclosure process.
\x95 JPCERT/CC for their assistance in co-ordinating this disclosure in Japan.


References
  Internet Engineering Task Force
    RFC 793 Transmission Control Protocol
      http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt
    RFC 1323 TCP Extensions for High Performance
      http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1323.txt
    RFC 1771 A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)
      http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1771.txt
    RFC 2385 Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5 Signature Option
      http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2385.txt
    RFC 2827 Network Ingress Filtering
      http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2827.txt
    RFC 3562 Considerations for the TCP MD5 Signature Option
      http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3562.txt
    RFC 3682 Generalized TTL Security Mechanism
      http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3682.txt
    Internet Draft - Transmission Control Protocol security considerations
      http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt
  NISCC
    Best Practice Guidelines - Border Gateway Protocol
      http://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP Filtering Guide.pdf
  Configuration and Tuning Guides
    Secure BGP Template for Cisco IOS
      http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html
    JUNOS Secure BGP Template
      http://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf
    UNIX IP Stack Tuning Guide
      http://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html
  Other Documents
    SANS discussion on egress filtering
      http://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm
  Vulnerability Databases
    Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
      http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-0230
    Open Source Vulnerability Database (OSVDB)
      http://www.osvdb.org/displayvuln.php?osvdb_id=4030



Contact Information

The NISCC Vulnerability Management Team can be contacted as follows:

Email vulteam@niscc.gov.uk
(Please quote the advisory reference in the subject line.)
Telephone +44 (0)20 7821 1330 Extension 4511
(Monday to Friday 08:30 - 17:00)
Fax +44 (0)20 7821 1686
Post Vulnerability Management Team
NISCC
PO Box 832
London
SW1P 1BG

We encourage those who wish to communicate via email to make use of our PGP key. This is available from http://www.uniras.gov.uk/UNIRAS.asc.

Please note that UK government protectively marked material should not be sent to the email address above.

If you wish to be added to our email distribution list, please email your request to uniras@niscc.gov.uk.


What is NISCC?

For further information regarding the UK National Infrastructure Security Co-Ordination Centre, please visit the NISCC web site at:
http://www.niscc.gov.uk/aboutniscc/index.htm

Reference to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark manufacturer or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by NISCC. The views and opinions of authors expressed within this notice shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.

Neither shall NISCC accept responsibility for any errors or omissions contained within this advisory. In particular, they shall not be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever, arising from or in connection with the usage of information contained within this notice.

\xa9 2004 Crown Copyright

Revision History

April 20, 2004: Initial release (1.0)
April 21, 2004: Corrected hyperlinks (1.1)
  Inserted impact statement for Cisco (1.1)
  Inserted impact statement for Mitel (1.1)
  Inserted MRLG patch reference (1.2)
April 22, 2004: Revised impact statement for Certicom (1.3)
  Inserted impact statement for Nortel Networks (1.3)
  Inserted impact statement for Secure Computing Corporation (1.3)
  Inserted references section (1.4)
  Inserted impact statement for Lucent Technologies (1.4)

<End of NISCC Vulnerability Advisory>

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    "data": "A vulnerability exists in the reliance of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to maintain persistent sessions. Sustained exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to a denial-of-service condition affecting a large segment of the Internet community. Normal operations would most likely resume shortly after the attack stopped. McAfee Data Loss Prevention (DLP) is a set of data loss prevention solutions from McAfee. The solution protects intellectual property and ensures compliance by protecting the environment in which sensitive data resides (on-premise, in the cloud, or on the endpoint). \nCross-site scripting vulnerabilities and cross-site request forgery vulnerabilities exist in McAfee DLP. When the user browses the affected website, his browser will execute any script code provided by the attacker, which may cause the attacker to steal cookie-based authentication, perform unauthorized operations, leak or modify sensitive information, or other forms may exist. s attack. A vulnerability in TCP implementations may permit unauthorized remote users to reset TCP sessions. This issue affects products released by multiple vendors. Exploiting this issue may permit remote attackers to more easily approximate TCP sequence numbers. \nThe problem is that affected implementations will accept TCP sequence numbers within a certain range of the expected sequence number for a packet in the session. This will permit a remote attacker to inject a SYN or RST packet into the session, causing it to be reset and effectively allowing denial-of-service attacks. An attacker would exploit this issue by sending a packet to a receiving implementation with an approximated sequence number and a forged source IP and TCP port. \nFew factors may present viable target implementations, such as imlementations that:\n- depend on long-lived TCP connections\n- have known or easily guessed IP address endpoints\n- have known or easily guessed TCP source ports. As a result, this issue is likely to affect a number of routing platforms. \nNote also that while a number of vendors have confirmed this issue in various products, investigations are ongoing and it is likely that many other vendors and products will turn out to be vulnerable as the issue is investigated further. \nOther consequences may also result from this issue, such as injecting specific data in TCP sessions, but this has not been confirmed. \n**Update: Microsoft platforms are also reported prone to this vulnerability. Vendor reports indicate that an attacker will require knowledge of the IP address and port numbers of the source and destination of an existent legitimate TCP connection in order to exploit this vulnerability on Microsoft platforms. Other attacks may also be possible. \u003chtml\u003e\n\n\u003chead\u003e\n\u003cmeta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctitle\u003eNISCC Vulnerability Advisory 236929\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cstyle\u003e\n\u003c!--\nbody         { font-family: Verdana }\n--\u003e\n\u003c/style\u003e\n\u003c/head\u003e\n\n\u003cbody bgcolor=\"#FFFFCC\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=Section1 style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e \n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"http://www.niscc.gov.uk/images/newtitle.gif\" width=\"766\" height=\"80\" alt=\"National Infrastructure Security Co-Ordination Centre\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont color=\"#FF0000\"\u003eNISCC Vulnerability Advisory 236929\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eVulnerability Issues in TCP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eVersion\u003c/font\u003e Information\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"61%\"\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"58%\"\u003eAdvisory Reference\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e236929\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"58%\"\u003eRelease Date\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e20 April 2004\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"58%\"\u003eLast Revision\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e22 April 2004\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"58%\"\u003eVersion Number\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e1.4\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eWhat is Affected?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe vulnerability described in this advisory affects implementations of the \nTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) that comply with the Internet Engineering \nTask Force\\x92s (IETF\\x92s) Requests For Comments (RFCs) for TCP, including \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt\"\u003eRFC 793\u003c/a\u003e, the \noriginal specification, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1323.txt\"\u003eRFC 1323\u003c/a\u003e, TCP Extensions for High Performance.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nTCP is a \ncore network protocol used in the majority of networked computer systems today. \nMany vendors include support for this protocol in their products and may be \nimpacted to varying degrees. Furthermore any network service or application that \nrelies on a TCP connection will also be impacted, the severity depending \nprimarily on the duration of the TCP session. \n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSeverity\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe impact of this vulnerability varies by vendor and application, but in some \ndeployment scenarios it is rated critical. Please see the vendor section below \nfor further information. Alternatively contact your vendor for product specific \ninformation.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIf exploited, the vulnerability could allow an attacker to create a \nDenial of Service condition against existing TCP connections, resulting in \npremature session termination. The resulting session termination will affect the \napplication layer, the nature and severity of the effects being dependent on the \napplication layer protocol. The primary dependency is on the duration of the TCP \nconnection, with a further dependency on knowledge of the network (IP) addresses \nof the end points of the TCP connection.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is judged to be potentially most affected \nby this vulnerability.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nBGP relies on a persistent TCP session between BGP peers. Resetting the \nconnection can result in medium term unavailability due to the need to rebuild \nrouting tables and route flapping.\u0026nbsp; Route flapping may result in route dampening \n(suppression) if the route flaps occur frequently within a short time interval.\u0026nbsp; The overall impact on BGP is likely to be moderate based on \nthe likelihood of successful attack. If the TCP MD5 Signature Option and \nanti-spoofing measures are used \nthen the impact will be low as these measures will successfully mitigate the \nvulnerability.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThere is a potential impact on other application protocols such as DNS (Domain \nName System) and SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) in the case of zone transfers and \necommerce transactions respectively, but the duration of the sessions is \nrelatively short and the sessions can be restarted without medium term \nunavailability problems. In the case of SSL it may be difficult to guess the \nsource IP address.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nData injection may be possible. However, this has not been demonstrated and \nappears to be problematic. \n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSummary\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe issue described in this advisory is the practicability of resetting an \nestablished TCP connection by sending suitable TCP packets with the RST (Reset) \nor SYN (Synchronise) flags set.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe packets need to have source and destination \nIP addresses that match the established connection as well as the same source \nand destination TCP ports.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe fact that TCP sessions can be reset by sending \nsuitable RST and SYN packets is a design feature of TCP according to \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt\"\u003eRFC 793\u003c/a\u003e, \nbut a reset attack is only possible at all because the source IP address and TCP \nport can be forged or \\x93spoofed\\x94.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nAlthough denial of service using crafted TCP \npackets is a well known weakness of TCP, until recently it was believed that a \nsuccessful denial of service attack was not achievable in practice. The reason \nfor this is that the receiving TCP implementation checks the sequence number of \nthe RST or SYN packet, which is a 32 bit number, giving a probability of 1/2\u003csup\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e32\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e of \nguessing the sequence number correctly (assuming a random distribution).\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe discoverer of the practicability of the RST attack was Paul A. Watson, who \ndescribes his research in his paper \\x93Slipping In The Window: TCP Reset Attacks\\x94, \npresented at the CanSecWest 2004 conference. \n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDetails\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nTCP is the transport layer protocol designed to provide connection-oriented \nreliable delivery of IP packets. The \nacknowledgement number is not used in a RST packet because a reset does not \nexpect a packet in return. (To be completely accurate, although the last \nstatement is true for a RST packet without the ACK flag set, used to indicate \nthat a TCP port is closed, a RST/ACK is used to terminate an active connection \nin the event of error. In a RST/ACK packet an acknowledgement number is included \nin the packet, although it is not checked by the receiving TCP implementation.)\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt\"\u003eRFC 793\u003c/a\u003e, p36, states the following:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u0026quot;In all states except SYN-SENT, all reset (RST) segments are validated by \nchecking their SEQ-fields [sequence numbers]. A reset is valid if its sequence \nnumber is in the window. In the SYN-SENT state (a RST received in response to an \ninitial SYN), the RST is acceptable if the ACK field acknowledges the SYN.\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nResets must be processed immediately. \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt\"\u003eRFC 793\u003c/a\u003e, p25, says \u0026quot;[\\x85] [E]ven when the \nreceive window is zero, a TCP must process the RST and URG fields of all \nincoming segments.\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is also possible to perform the same attack with SYN (synchronise) packets. \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt\"\u003eRFC 793\u003c/a\u003e, p31 \nstates:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\\x93The principle reason for the three-way handshake is to prevent old duplicate \nconnection initiations from causing confusion. To deal with this, a special \ncontrol message, reset, has been devised. [\\x85] If the TCP is in one of the \nsynchronized states (ESTABLISHED, FIN-WAIT-1, FIN-WAIT-2, CLOSE-WAIT, CLOSING, \nLAST-ACK, TIME-WAIT), it aborts the connection and informs its user.\\x94\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nTCP window sizes are negotiated in the initial 3-way handshake used to set up a \nTCP connection, with higher values serving to improve throughput in some \ncircumstances. Vendor-chosen defaults also influence the selection. This is the basis \nfor the attack.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nA TCP connection is defined by a 4-tuple comprising source and destination IP \naddresses, and source and destination ports. An attacker seeking to disrupt an \nexisting TCP connection must supply the 4-tuple correctly. As the source port \nvaries, additional work is generally called for on the part of the attacker. \nHowever, research (referenced below) has shown that the process of source port \nselection on many platforms includes predictable elements, so that the attack \nremains practicable. By weighting \u0027likely\u0027 source port values carefully, an \nattacker can disrupt TCP implementations that employ a range of window sizes.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nApplication layer protocols that are critically affected are those that:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber6\"\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eDepend on long lived TCP connections\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eHave known or easy-to-guess IP address end points\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eHave easy to an easy-to-guess source TCP port\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs noted above BGP does use long lived TCP connections, and the IP addresses and \nsource port (and destination port) are sometimes available through the use of \nBGP looking glasses (multi-source, multi-destination trace route tools) or DNS \nresource records. Using \\x93trace route\\x94 commands can provide information on \npeering point IP addresses. Thus BGP is likely to be critically affected by the \nTCP vulnerability.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThese denial of service attacks can be carried out by single machine, or by \nmultiple co-operating systems (to form a distributed denial of service attack).\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is also possible to inject packets, which will be processed if they are in \nthe window. The difficulty with data injection attacks is that the receiving TCP \nimplementation will reassemble the packets received according to sequence \nnumber, dropping any duplicate packets.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nVendor specific information will be released as it becomes available and if vendor permission has been received.  Subscribers are advised to check the following URL regularly for updates:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/236929/index.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/236929/index.htm\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ci\u003e[Please note that updates to this advisory will not be notified by email.]\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThis vulnerability has been assigned the \u003ca href=\"http://cve.mitre.org/cve\"\u003eCVE\u003c/a\u003e \nname \n\u003ca href=\"http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-0230\"\u003eCAN-2004-0230\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.osvdb.org\"\u003eOpen Source Vulnerability Database\u003c/a\u003e ID \nnumber for this vulnerability is\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.osvdb.org/displayvuln.php?osvdb_id=4030\"\u003e4030\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMitigation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following mitigation steps are still being evaluated and may be incomplete. \nCustomers should work with vendors for the workaround most appropriate for the \nproduct in question.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIn the absence of vendor patching of the TCP implementation, the following are \ngeneral mitigating steps:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber4\"\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\"\u003eImplement IP Security (IPSEC) which will encrypt traffic at the network layer, \nso TCP information will not be visible\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\"\u003eReduce the TCP window size (although this could increase \n    traffic loss and subsequent retransmission)\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\"\u003eDo not publish TCP source port information\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt should be noted that IPSEC provides confidentiality and authentication \nservices at the network layer, and can provide a measure of trust in the \nauthenticity of the end points as well as encryption of traffic between the end \npoints.\u0026nbsp; However, in the context of the current attack IPSEC will reject \nRST and SYN packets that are not part of a secure IP packet stream.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nTo change the TCP window size, in some Unix variants you can set a value of the \ndefault TCP windows size by using the \\x93sysctl\\x94 program (\\x93ndd -set\\x94 in the case \nof Sun Solaris). In the case of Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP/2003, the default \nwindow size can be changed by modifying the value of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Tcpip\\Parameters \nkey. As noted above, great care should be exercised when altering the default \nTCP window size as network performance could be adversely affected.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIn the case of BGP, the following may counter the problem:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber5\"\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eImplement ingress and egress filtering to check that the \n    traffic entering or leaving the network has a source IP address that is \n    expected on the router/firewall interface that receives the traffic\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eImplement the TCP MD5 Signature Option to checksum the TCP \n    packet carrying the BGP application data (see \u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2385.txt\"\u003eRFC 2385\u003c/a\u003e), \nbeing careful to set and maintain strong (i.e. difficult to guess) passwords to \nwhich the MD5 checksum is applied.\u0026nbsp; Also see\n    \u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3562.txt\"\u003eRFC 3562\u003c/a\u003e which discusses \n    the security requirements of this keying material.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003eLimit the amount of information available through looking \n    glasses and DNS resource records, being careful not to expose TCP port \n    information unnecessarily\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\nThe IETF ingress filtering standard is defined in \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2827.txt\"\u003eRFC 2827\u003c/a\u003e. \nA discussion of egress filtering can be found at \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe use of the TCP MD5 Signature Option will prevent the exploitation of this \nvulnerability. Router customers should implement this on all BGP peering points \nif it is supported by the router, upgrading the router firmware if necessary.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSolution\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nPlease refer to the Vendor Information section of this advisory for \nimplementation specific remediation.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nSome vendors will have reduced the \nlikelihood of successful denial of service by amending the TCP implementation to \nissue a further acknowledgment packet challenge for RST and SYN packets that do \nnot have exactly the expected sequence number.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org\"\u003eThe Internet Engineering Task Force\u003c/a\u003e (IETF) has \npublished an Internet Draft to co-incide \nwith the release of this advisory.\u0026nbsp;\nThe text of this draft is available from \nthe IETF web site:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt\"\u003ehttp://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nNISCC has produced best practice guidelines for BGP available at\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP%20Filtering%20Guide.pdf\"\u003ehttp://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP Filtering Guide.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nSecure configuration templates for BGP implementations on Cisco IOS and Juniper JUNOS can be found at:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber2\"\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"11%\"\u003eCisco\n    \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"99%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html\"\u003ehttp://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html\n\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"11%\"\u003eJuniper \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"99%\"\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf\"\u003ehttp://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf\n\u003c/a\u003e\n    \u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\nGuidance on tuning of the IP stack for a number of different UNIX operating systems is available at \n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html\"\u003ehttp://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html\n\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003cB\u003eVendor Information\u003c/B\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following vendors have provided information about how their products are affected\nby these vulnerabilities.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ci\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003ePlease note that \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpcert.or.jp\"\u003eJPCERT/CC\u003c/a\u003e have released a Japanese language advisory for this vulnerability\n which contains additional information regarding Japanese vendors.  This advisory is available at\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpcert.or.jp/at/2004/at040003.txt\"\u003ehttp://www.jpcert.or.jp/at/2004/at040003.txt\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber1\"\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#certicom\"\u003eCerticom\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#iij\"\u003eInternet Initiative Japan, Inc\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#nec\"\u003eNEC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#checkpoint\"\u003eCheck Point\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#interniche\"\u003eInterNiche\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#nortel\"\u003eNortel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#cisco\"\u003eCisco\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#juniper\"\u003eJuniper Networks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#polycom\"\u003ePolycom\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#cray\"\u003eCray Inc\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#lucent\"\u003eLucent Technologies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#seccomp\"\u003eSecure Computing Corporation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#hitachi\"\u003eHitachi\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#mitel\"\u003eMitel Networks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#yamaha\"\u003eYamaha\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#innovaphone\"\u003eInnovaphone\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"33%\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#mrlg\"\u003eMRLG\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"34%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\"\u003e\n\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"certicom\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eCerticom\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n      \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    Certicom has examined the National Infrastructure Security Coordination \n    Centre (NISCC) advisory and determined it is not vulnerable.\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003eCerticom \n    Developer Toolkits for SSL (SSL Plus, SSL Plus for Java, Security Builder \n    SSL-C and Security Builder SSL-J) do not provide a TCP/IP transport \n    mechanism, but rather utilize the supported operating system\u0027s TCP/IP stack. \n    The vulnerability is against the TCP/IP stack itself, and not directly \n    against the functionality offered by Certicom toolkits. Therefore, there is \n    no patch or workaround that can be implemented within Certicom products. The \n    patch or workaround must be provided by the operating system vendor.\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003e\n    Customers are urged to contact their operating system vendors to determine \n    if they have provided a workaround to this advisory. If you have any further \n    questions please do not hesitate to contact\n    \u003ca href=\"mailto:support@certicom.com\"\u003esupport@certicom.com\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"checkpoint\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n    Check Point\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eThe latest release for VPN-1/FireWall-1 \n    (R55 HFA-03) contains a protection against this vulnerability.\u0026nbsp; The \n    protection applies to both the firewall device and to hosts behind the \n    firewall.\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003e\n    Please refer to the Check Point web site for further information at:\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003ca HREF=\"http://www.checkpoint.com/techsupport/alerts/tcp_dos.html\"\u003e\n    http://www.checkpoint.com/techsupport/alerts/tcp_dos.html\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"cisco\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eCisco\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n      \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    Cisco Systems is addressing the vulnerabilities identified by NISCC \n    Vulnerability Advisory 236929 across its entire product line.\u0026nbsp; Cisco \n    has released two related advisories:\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003e\n    TCP Vulnerabilities in Multiple IOS-Based Cisco Products\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-ios.shtml\"\u003ehttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-ios.shtml\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003e\n    TCP Vulnerabilities in Multiple Non-IOS Cisco Products\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-nonios.shtml\"\u003ehttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20040420-tcp-nonios.shtml\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"cray\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eCray Inc\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eCray Inc. is vulnerable on their UNICOS, \n    UNICOS/mk and UNICOS/mp systems.\u0026nbsp; Spr\u0027s have been opened to track this \n    issue.\u0026nbsp; Please contact your local Cray Service Representative for more \n    information.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"hitachi\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHitachi\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n      \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    Hitachi is investigating the potential impact to Hitachi\u0027s products.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"innovaphone\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eInnovaphone\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n    Not vulnerable.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"iij\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eInternet Initiative Japan, Inc (IIJ)\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n      \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    IIJ will release a new firmware to fix this vulnerability.\u0026nbsp; Details are \n    available on their web site at\n    \u003ca href=\"http://www.seil.jp/en/ann/announce_en_20040421_01.txt\"\u003e\n    http://www.seil.jp/en/ann/announce_en_20040421_01.txt\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"interniche\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eInterNiche\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e=== NicheStack v2.0 TCP/IP ===\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003e\n    InterNiche Technologies has updated its \n    NicheStack v2.0 TCP/IP product to handle the scenarios described in NISCC \n    Vulnerability Notice #236929.\u0026nbsp;\n    The patch is available to all InterNiche customers in accordance with the \n    terms of their current support agreements.\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003e\n    More information can be found on \u003ca href=\"http://www.iNiche.com\"\u003ewww.iNiche.com\u003c/a\u003e or through \n    \u003ca href=\"mailto:support@iNiche.com\"\u003esupport@iNiche.com\u003c/a\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n    === NicheLite v2.0 TCP/IP ===\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003e\n    InterNiche Technologies has updated its \n    NicheLite v2.0 TCP/IP product to handle the scenarios described in NISCC \n    Vulnerability Notice #236929.\u0026nbsp;\n    The patch is available to all InterNiche customers in accordance with the \n    terms of their current support agreements. \u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003e\n    More information can be found on \u003ca href=\"http://www.iNiche.com\"\u003ewww.iNiche.com\u003c/a\u003e or through \n    \u003ca href=\"mailto:support@iNiche.com\"\u003esupport@iNiche.com\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"juniper\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n    Juniper Networks\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n      \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    Juniper Networks products are susceptible to this vulnerability.  Software is\n    available that implements several mechanisms to mitigate the associated risks.  Customers\n    should contact Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center for availability and\n    download instructions.\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003eAdditional information is posted on our web site at\n    \u003ca href=\"https://www.juniper.net/support\"\u003ehttps://www.juniper.net/support\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"lucent\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eLucent Technologies\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eLucent Technologies is aware of this \n    vulnerability advisory and is investigating any potential impact to its \n    product portfolio. As further information becomes available, Lucent will \n    provide information directly to its customers, if appropriate.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"mitel\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eMitel Networks\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n      \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    Mitel is aware of the vulnerability and is \n    working with the vendors of our underlying networking software to assess the \n    impact and, if necessary, determine potential solutions. When more \n    information becomes available, an advisory will be issued. Please contact \u0027\u003ca href=\"mailto:security@mitel.com\"\u003esecurity@mitel.com\u003c/a\u003e\u0027 \n    if you have specific questions.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"mrlg\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eMRLG\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eA new version of the Multi-Router Looking Glass tool (4.3.0) has been released.\u0026nbsp; \n    This includes a patch that prevents a remote user from utilising the \u0026quot;sh ip \n    bgp neighbors\u0026quot; functionality.\u0026nbsp; This new version is available from\n    \u003ca href=\"ftp://ftp.enterzone.net/looking-glass/CURRENT/\"\u003e\n    ftp://ftp.enterzone.net/looking-glass/CURRENT/\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n   \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"nec\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eNEC\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n      \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    NEC is aware of this vulnerability and is trying to determine potential \n    impacts on our products.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"nortel\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eNortel Networks\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eNortel Networks has evaluated this issue and testing has confirmed that it \n    is possible to successfully exploit this vulnerability. However, the \n    preconditions for a successful exploitation require levels of access to the \n    network that are unlikely to be achieved in a normal network operating \n    environment; furthermore, such levels of access would enable other forms of \n    attack with much greater impact than that achievable by exploiting this \n    vulnerability.\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003e\n    Nortel Networks is continuing to validate that this \n    vulnerability has no serious consequences for Nortel equipment, and will \n    update this statement periodically.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"polycom\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003ePolycom\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n      \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    Polycom has investigated the potential \n    impact to our products for NISCC Advisory 236929.\u003cbr\u003e\n    \u003cbr\u003e\n    Specific product information will be provided at\n    \u003ca HREF=\"http://www.polycom.com/securitycenter\"\u003e\n    http://www.polycom.com/securitycenter\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"seccomp\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eSecure Computing Corporation\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFaf\"\u003eThe Sidewinder and Sidewinder G2 firewalls offer protection against this \n    attack at all releases. As application-layer firewalls, Sidewinder and \n    Sidewinder G2 offer protection to systems behind the firewall as well as \n    protecting management connections to the firewall.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    \u003cu\u003e\u003ca name=\"yamaha\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eYamaha\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n      \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"97%\" bgcolor=\"#FFFFbe\"\u003e\n    Pending.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n \n  \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nNISCC wishes to thank the following:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber3\"\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"197%\"\u003eSteve Bellovin, Rob Thomas and Paul Watson for their \n    contributions to this advisory.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"197%\"\u003eCisco Systems Inc. and Juniper Networks Inc. for their help \n    with the content of this advisory and for their support during the \n    disclosure process.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"3%\" align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\\x95 \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"197%\"\u003eJPCERT/CC for their assistance in co-ordinating this disclosure \n    in Japan.\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReferences\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" bordercolor=\"#111111\" width=\"100%\" id=\"AutoNumber7\"\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"98%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eInternet Engineering Task Force\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 793 Transmission Control Protocol\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt\"\u003e\n    http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 1323 TCP Extensions for High Performance\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1323.txt\"\u003e\n    http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1323.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 1771 A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1771.txt\"\u003e\n    http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1771.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 2385 Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP \n    MD5 Signature Option\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2385.txt\"\u003e\n    http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2385.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 2827 Network Ingress Filtering\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2827.txt\"\u003e\n    http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2827.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 3562 Considerations for the TCP MD5 \n    Signature Option\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3562.txt\"\u003e\n    http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3562.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eRFC 3682 Generalized TTL Security Mechanism\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3682.txt\"\u003e\n    http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3682.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eInternet Draft - Transmission Control Protocol \n    security considerations\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt\"\u003e\n    http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"98%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eNISCC\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eBest Practice Guidelines - Border Gateway \n    Protocol\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"http://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP%20Filtering%20Guide.pdf\"\u003e\n    http://www.niscc.gov.uk/BGP Filtering Guide.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"98%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eConfiguration and Tuning Guides\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eSecure BGP Template for Cisco IOS\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html\"\u003e\n    http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eJUNOS Secure BGP Template\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"http://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf\"\u003e\n    http://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eUNIX IP Stack Tuning Guide\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"http://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html\"\u003e\n    http://www.cymru.com/Documents/ip-stack-tuning.html\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"98%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eOther Documents\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eSANS discussion on egress filtering\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm\"\u003e\n    http://www.sans.org/y2k/egress.htm\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"98%\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eVulnerability Databases\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eCommon Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-0230\"\u003e\n    http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-0230\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"96%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003eOpen Source Vulnerability Database (OSVDB)\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"2%\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"94%\"\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"http://www.osvdb.org/displayvuln.php?osvdb_id=4030\"\u003e\n    http://www.osvdb.org/displayvuln.php?osvdb_id=4030\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eContact Information\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe NISCC Vulnerability Management Team can be contacted as follows:\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"87%\" cellspacing=\"3\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"30%\" valign=\"top\"\u003eEmail\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"70%\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:vulteam@niscc.gov.uk\"\u003evulteam@niscc.gov.uk\u003c/a\u003e\n      \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e(Please quote the advisory reference in the subject line.)\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"30%\" valign=\"top\"\u003eTelephone\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"70%\"\u003e   +44 (0)20 7821 1330 Extension 4511\n      \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e(Monday to Friday 08:30 - 17:00)\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"30%\" valign=\"top\"\u003eFax\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"70%\"\u003e         +44 (0)20 7821 1686\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"30%\" valign=\"top\"\u003ePost\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"70%\"\u003e        Vulnerability Management Team\u003cbr\u003e\n            NISCC\u003cbr\u003e\n            PO Box 832\u003cbr\u003e\n            London\u003cbr\u003e\n            SW1P 1BG\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\nWe encourage those who wish to communicate via email to make use of our PGP key.  This is available from \u003ca href=\"http://www.uniras.gov.uk/UNIRAS.asc\"\u003ehttp://www.uniras.gov.uk/UNIRAS.asc\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nPlease note that UK government protectively marked material should not be sent to the email address above.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIf you wish to be added to our email distribution list, please email your request to \u003ca href=\"mailto:uniras@niscc.gov.uk\"\u003euniras@niscc.gov.uk\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\nWhat is NISCC?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nFor further information regarding the UK National Infrastructure Security Co-Ordination Centre, please visit the NISCC web site at:\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.niscc.gov.uk/aboutniscc/index.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.niscc.gov.uk/aboutniscc/index.htm\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nReference to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark manufacturer or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by NISCC.  The views and opinions of authors expressed within this notice shall not be used for advertising\nor product endorsement purposes.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nNeither shall NISCC accept responsibility for any errors or omissions contained within this advisory.  In particular, they shall not be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever, arising from or in connection with the usage of information contained within this notice.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\\xa9 2004 Crown Copyright\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nRevision History\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eApril 20\u003c/font\u003e\u003cSMALL\u003e, 2004:\n\u003c/SMALL\u003e\n    \u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cSMALL\u003e\n  Initial release (1.0)\u003c/SMALL\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n    \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eApril 21, 2004:\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eCorrected hyperlinks (1.1)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n    \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted impact statement for Cisco (1.1)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n    \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted impact statement for Mitel (1.1)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n    \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted MRLG patch reference (1.2)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n    \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eApril 22, 2004:\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eRevised impact statement for Certicom (1.3)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n    \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted impact statement for Nortel Networks (1.3)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n    \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted impact statement for Secure Computing Corporation (1.3)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n    \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted references section (1.4)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n    \n  \u003ctr\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"23%\"\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n    \u003ctd width=\"77%\"\u003e\n\u003cfont size=\"2\"\u003eInserted impact statement for Lucent Technologies (1.4)\u003c/font\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003c/tr\u003e\n    \n  \u003c/table\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u0026lt;End of NISCC Vulnerability Advisory\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/body\u003e\n\n\u003c/html\u003e",
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        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "http://www.uniras.gov.uk/niscc/docs/al-20040420-00199.html?lang=en"
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        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "http://www.niscc.gov.uk/niscc/docs/re-20040420-00391.pdf"
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        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3562.txt"
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        "trust": 0.8,
        "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/displayvuln.php?osvdb_id=4030"
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        "trust": 0.3,
        "url": "http://support.avaya.com/elmodocs2/security/asa-2005-097_scasa-2005-14.pdf"
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        "trust": 0.3,
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        "trust": 0.3,
        "url": "http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=isg1iy55949"
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        "trust": 0.3,
        "url": "http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms05-019.mspx"
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        "trust": 0.3,
        "url": "http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms06-064.mspx"
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        "url": "http://xforce.iss.net/xforce/alerts/id/170"
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        "url": "http://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/236929/index.htm"
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        "url": "http://www.bluecoat.com/support/knowledge/advisory_tcp_can-2004-0230.html"
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        "url": "http://www.checkpoint.com/techsupport/alerts/tcp_dos.html"
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        "url": "https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/freebsd-sa-14:19.tcp.asc"
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        "trust": 0.3,
        "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/cpujan2015-1972971.html"
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        "trust": 0.3,
        "url": "https://downloads.avaya.com/css/p8/documents/101006870"
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        "trust": 0.3,
        "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/forums/discussion/5706/security-advisory-alienvault-v5-1-addresses-6-vulnerabilities"
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        "trust": 0.3,
        "url": "http://www.mcafee.com/us/products/data-protection/data-loss-prevention.aspx"
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf\"\u003ehttp://www.qorbit.net/documents/junos-bgp-template.pdf"
      },
      {
        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.ietf.org\"\u003ethe"
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.cymru.com/documents/ip-stack-tuning.html\"\u003ehttp://www.cymru.com/documents/ip-stack-tuning.html"
      },
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2004-0230"
      },
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.polycom.com/securitycenter\"\u003e"
      },
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.cymru.com/documents/secure-bgp-template.html\"\u003ehttp://www.cymru.com/documents/secure-bgp-template.html"
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.cymru.com/documents/secure-bgp-template.html\"\u003e"
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt\"\u003e"
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://cve.mitre.org/cve\"\u003ecve\u003c/a\u003e"
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        "url": "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2827.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e"
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3682.txt\"\u003e"
      },
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.osvdb.org\"\u003eopen"
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/236929/index.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.uniras.gov.uk/vuls/2004/236929/index.htm\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
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        "url": "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt\"\u003erfc"
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.niscc.gov.uk/aboutniscc/index.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.niscc.gov.uk/aboutniscc/index.htm\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
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        "trust": 0.1,
        "url": "http://www.niscc.gov.uk/bgp%20filtering%20guide.pdf\"\u003e"
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        "url": "http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-00.txt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e"
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