Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-116
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
612 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-39170 (GCVE-0-2021-39170)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-01 14:10 – Updated: 2024-08-04 01:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output in Asset Metadata Component
Summary
Pimcore is an open source data & experience management platform. Prior to version 10.1.2, an authenticated user could add XSS code as a value of custom metadata on assets. There is a patch for this issue in Pimcore version 10.1.2. As a workaround, users may apply the patch manually.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/pull/10178 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pimcore/pimcore/pull/10178.patch | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://huntr.dev/bounties/e4cb9cd8-89cf-427c-8d2… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2021-34630 (GCVE-0-2021-34630)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-30 20:45 – Updated: 2024-09-17 01:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Reflected XSS in GTranslate Pro and GTranslate Enterprise < 2.8.65
Summary
In the Pro and Enterprise versions of GTranslate < 2.8.65, the gtranslate_request_uri_var function runs at the top of all pages and echoes out the contents of $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']. Although this uses addslashes, and most modern browsers automatically URLencode requests, this plugin is still vulnerable to Reflected XSS in older browsers such as Internet Explorer 9 or below, or in cases where an attacker is able to modify the request en route between the client and the server, or in cases where the user is using an atypical browsing solution.
Severity
5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://plugins.svn.wordpress.org/gtranslate/tags… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Translate AI Multilingual Solutions | GTranslate Pro and GTranslate Enterprise |
Affected:
2.8.65 , < 2.8.65
(custom)
|
Date Public
2021-07-23 00:00
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CVE-2021-32812 (GCVE-0-2021-32812)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-02 22:35 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') and Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output in frontend/server/server.js
Summary
Monkshu is an enterprise application server for mobile apps (iOS and Android), responsive HTML 5 apps, and JSON API services. In version 2.90 and earlier, there is a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in frontend HTTP server. The attacker can send in a carefully crafted URL along with a known bug in the server which will cause a 500 error, and the response will then embed the URL provided by the hacker. The impact is moderate as the hacker must also be able to craft an HTTP request which should cause a 500 server error. None such requests are known as this point. The issue is patched in version 2.95. As a workaround, one may use a disk caching plugin.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/TekMonksGitHub/monkshu/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/TekMonksGitHub/monkshu/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/TekMonksGitHub/monkshu/release… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TekMonksGitHub | monkshu |
Affected:
< 2.95
|
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CVE-2021-32796 (GCVE-0-2021-32796)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-27 21:45 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Misinterpretation of malicious XML input in xmldom
Summary
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Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://mattermost.com/blog/coordinated-disclosur… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/commit/7b4b74391… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2021-32679 (GCVE-0-2021-32679)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-12 12:50 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Filenames not escaped by default in controllers using DownloadResponse
Summary
Nextcloud Server is a Nextcloud package that handles data storage. In versions prior to 19.0.13, 20.0.11, and 21.0.3, filenames where not escaped by default in controllers using `DownloadResponse`. When a user-supplied filename was passed unsanitized into a `DownloadResponse`, this could be used to trick users into downloading malicious files with a benign file extension. This would show in UI behaviours where Nextcloud applications would display a benign file extension (e.g. JPEG), but the file will actually be downloaded with an executable file extension. The vulnerability is patched in versions 19.0.13, 20.0.11, and 21.0.3. Administrators of Nextcloud instances do not have a workaround available, but developers of Nextcloud apps may manually escape the file name before passing it into `DownloadResponse`.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/server/pull/27354 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/1215263 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-17 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_GENTOO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
< 19.0.13
Affected: >= 20.0.0, < 20.0.11 Affected: >= 21.0.0, < 21.0.3 |
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CVE-2021-25262 (GCVE-0-2021-25262)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-21 07:07 – Updated: 2025-05-21 13:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Yandex Browser for Android prior to version 21.3.0 allows remote attackers to perform IDN homograph attack.
Summary
Yandex Browser for Android prior to version 21.3.0 allows remote attackers to perform IDN homograph attack.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
Credits
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CVE-2021-25254 (GCVE-0-2021-25254)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-21 06:58 – Updated: 2025-05-21 22:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Yandex Browser Lite for Android before 21.1.0 allows remote attackers to spoof the address bar.
Summary
Yandex Browser Lite for Android before 21.1.0 allows remote attackers to spoof the address bar.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yandex | Browser Lite |
Affected:
21.1.0
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2021-23205 (GCVE-0-2021-23205)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-11 15:46 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Improper Encoding or Escaping in Gallagher Command Centre Server allows a Command Centre Operator to alter the configuration of Controllers and other hardware items beyond their privilege. This issue affects: Gallagher Command Centre 8.40 versions prior to 8.40.1888 (MR3); 8.30 versions prior to 8.30.1359 (MR3); 8.20 versions prior to 8.20.1259 (MR5); version 8.10 and prior versions.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.gallagher.com/Security-Advisorie… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gallagher | Command Centre |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 8.10
(custom)
Affected: 8.40 , < 8.40.1888 (MR3) (custom) Affected: 8.30 , < 8.30.1359 (MR3) (custom) Affected: 8.20 , < 8.20.1259 (MR5) (custom) |
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CVE-2020-29023 (GCVE-0-2020-29023)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-16 15:14 – Updated: 2024-09-17 04:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CSV Formula Injection possible due to improper fields escaping in GateManager
Summary
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output from CSV Report Generator of Secomea GateManager allows an authenticated administrator to generate a CSV file that may run arbitrary commands on a victim's computer when opened in a spreadsheet program (like Excel). This issue affects: Secomea GateManager all versions prior to 9.3.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.secomea.com/support/cybersecurity-advisory/ | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.secomea.com/support/cybersecurity-adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Secomea | GateManager |
Affected:
all , < 9.3
(custom)
|
Date Public
2020-12-18 00:00
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CVE-2020-26283 (GCVE-0-2020-26283)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-24 20:30 – Updated: 2024-08-04 15:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Control character injection in console output
Summary
go-ipfs is an open-source golang implementation of IPFS which is a global, versioned, peer-to-peer filesystem. In go-ipfs before version 0.8.0, control characters are not escaped from console output. This can result in hiding input from the user which could result in the user taking an unknown, malicious action. This is fixed in version 0.8.0.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/pull/7831 | x_refsource_MISC |
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Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation
Requirements
Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation
Implementation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.