Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

11279 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-43951 (GCVE-0-2026-43951)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-08 15:16 – Updated: 2026-06-08 22:32
VLAI
Title
Apache HTTP Server: OOB Read in `merge_response_headers` can cause crash
Summary
Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server with mod_headers and mod_mime and multiple response languages. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server: from 2.4.0 through 2.4.67.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache HTTP Server Affected: 2.4.0 , ≤ 2.4.67 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Zhenpeng (Leo) Lin at depthfirst
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-43916 (GCVE-0-2026-43916)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 13:31 – Updated: 2026-05-13 14:38
VLAI
Title
pam_authnft: Heap buffer overflow in NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG reply walker
Summary
pam_authnft is a PAM session module binding nftables firewall rules to authenticated sessions via cgroupv2 inodes. Prior to 0.2.0-alpha, a heap buffer over-read in peer_lookup_tcp (src/peer_lookup.c:134, prior to the fix) allowed a crafted NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG reply to slip past the message-size check, then dereference past the end of the allocation. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.2.0-alpha.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-191 - Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
identd-ng pam_authnft Affected: < 0.2.0-alpha
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-43909 (GCVE-0-2026-43909)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-14 19:00 – Updated: 2026-05-14 19:49
VLAI
Title
OpenImageIO: Signed integer overflow in SwapRGBABytes loop index leads to out-of-bounds read/write in DPX ABGR decoder
Summary
OpenImageIO is a toolset for reading, writing, and manipulating image files of any image file format relevant to VFX / animation. Prior to 3.0.18.0 and 3.1.13.0, a signed 32-bit integer overflow in the loop index expression i * 4 inside SwapRGBABytes() causes the function to compute a large negative pointer offset when processing kABGR DPX images with large dimensions. The immediate crash is an out-of-bounds read (the memcpy at line 45 reads from &input[i * 4] first), but the subsequent write operations at lines 46–49 target the same wrapped offset — making this a combined OOB read+write primitive. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.18.0 and 3.1.13.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AcademySoftwareFoundation OpenImageIO Affected: < 3.0.18.0
Affected: >= 3.1.4.0-beta, < 3.1.13.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-43620 (GCVE-0-2026-43620)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-20 00:47 – Updated: 2026-07-14 20:01
VLAI
Title
Rsync < 3.4.3 Out-of-Bounds Array Read via recv_files()
Summary
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SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , < 3.4.3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-19 00:00
Credits
Pratham Gupta (@alchemy1729)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-43618 (GCVE-0-2026-43618)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-20 00:50 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:55
VLAI
Title
Rsync < 3.4.3 Integer Overflow Information Disclosure
Summary
Rsync version 3.4.2 and prior contain an integer overflow vulnerability in the compressed-token decoder where a 32-bit signed counter is not checked for overflow, allowing a malicious sender to trigger an overflow that causes the receiver process to read and return data from outside the intended buffer bounds. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to disclose process memory contents including environment variables, passwords, heap and stack data, and library memory pointers, significantly reducing ASLR effectiveness and facilitating further exploitation.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , < 3.4.3 (semver)
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 Unaffected: 0:3.4.4-1.el10_2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Unaffected: 0:3.1.3-27.el8_10 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Unaffected: 0:3.2.5-7.el9_8.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
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Red Hat Red Hat Discovery 2 Unaffected: 1782166952 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4
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Date Public
2026-05-19 00:00
Credits
Omar Elsayed (@seks99x)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-42968 (GCVE-0-2026-42968)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:06 – Updated: 2026-07-15 20:10
VLAI
Title
Windows Telephony Server Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Telephony Service allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7417 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7417 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8655 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8655 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5256 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-42934 (GCVE-0-2026-42934)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 14:12 – Updated: 2026-06-08 20:34
VLAI
Title
NGINX ngx_http_charset_module vulnerability
Summary
NGINX Plus and NGINX Open Source have a vulnerability in the ngx_http_charset_module module. When charset, source_charset, and charset_map and proxy_pass with disabled buffering ("off") directives are configured, unauthenticated attackers can send requests that with conditions beyond the attackers' control to cause a heap buffer over-read in the NGINX worker process, leading to limited disclosure of memory or a restart.  Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
f5
References
URL Tags
https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000161028 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
F5 NGINX Plus Unaffected: R37 , < * (custom)
Affected: R36 , < R36 P4 (custom)
Affected: R32 , < R32 P6 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
F5 NGINX Open Source Unaffected: 1.31.0 , < * (semver)
Affected: 0.3.50 , < 1.30.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-13 14:00
Credits
F5 acknowledges David Carlier, Zhenpeng (Leo) Lin of depthfirst, and GAO Liyou for bringing this issue to our attention and following the highest standards of coordinated disclosure.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-42914 (GCVE-0-2026-42914)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:06 – Updated: 2026-07-15 20:10
VLAI
Title
Windows Kerberos Denial of Service Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Kerberos allows an authorized attacker to deny service over a network.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5256 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-42908 (GCVE-0-2026-42908)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:06 – Updated: 2026-07-15 20:10
VLAI
Title
Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Windows RDP allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7417 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7417 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8655 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8655 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows App Client for Windows Desktop Affected: 1.00 , < 2.0.1193.0 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5256 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-42837 (GCVE-0-2026-42837)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:05 – Updated: 2026-07-15 20:10
VLAI
Title
Windows Projected File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Projected File System Filter Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5256 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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                },
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.26200.8655",
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              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-06-09T14:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en-US",
          "value": "Out-of-bounds read in Windows Projected File System Filter Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en-US",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-125",
              "description": "CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read",
              "lang": "en-US",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T20:10:15.588Z",
        "orgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8",
        "shortName": "microsoft"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Windows Projected File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42837"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Windows Projected File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8",
    "assignerShortName": "microsoft",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-42837",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-09T17:05:57.835Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-30T14:51:12.704Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T20:10:15.588Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.