CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11412 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9R4W-4465-WHWV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:46 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:46In GNU Libextractor 1.4, there is an out-of-bounds read in the EXTRACTOR_dvi_extract_method function in plugins/dvi_extractor.c.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-15922"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-26T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In GNU Libextractor 1.4, there is an out-of-bounds read in the EXTRACTOR_dvi_extract_method function in plugins/dvi_extractor.c.",
"id": "GHSA-9r4w-4465-whwv",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:46:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:46:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15922"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2017/12/msg00000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-libextractor/2017-10/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101595"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9R64-R95G-X9QC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-24 00:00Multiple code execution vulnerabilities exists in the Nef polygon-parsing functionality of CGAL libcgal CGAL-5.1.1. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to an out-of-bounds read and type confusion, which could lead to code execution. An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger any of these vulnerabilities. An oob read vulnerability exists in Nef_2/PM_io_parser.h PM_io_parser::read_face() store_iv().
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-28609"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-18T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple code execution vulnerabilities exists in the Nef polygon-parsing functionality of CGAL libcgal CGAL-5.1.1. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to an out-of-bounds read and type confusion, which could lead to code execution. An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger any of these vulnerabilities. An oob read vulnerability exists in Nef_2/PM_io_parser.h PM_io_parser\u003cPMDEC\u003e::read_face() store_iv().",
"id": "GHSA-9r64-r95g-x9qc",
"modified": "2022-04-24T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-04-19T00:00:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28609"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/12/msg00011.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1225"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9R79-GVHP-CR42
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 15:31 – Updated: 2026-05-04 18:30Improper Null Termination, Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server.
This issue affects Apache HTTP Server: through 2.4.66.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.4.67, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-34032"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-04T14:16:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Null Termination, Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server.\n\nThis issue affects Apache HTTP Server: through 2.4.66.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 2.4.67, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-9r79-gvhp-cr42",
"modified": "2026-05-04T18:30:29Z",
"published": "2026-05-04T15:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34032"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/04/16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9R8P-967F-CRJR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-30 18:30 – Updated: 2023-04-05 15:30An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the TGAInput::read_tga2_header functionality of OpenImageIO Project OpenImageIO v2.4.7.1. A specially crafted targa file can lead to a disclosure of sensitive information. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24473"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-30T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the TGAInput::read_tga2_header functionality of OpenImageIO Project OpenImageIO v2.4.7.1. A specially crafted targa file can lead to a disclosure of sensitive information. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-9r8p-967f-crjr",
"modified": "2023-04-05T15:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-03-30T18:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1707"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9RC3-P6V7-9985
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-17 00:00Adobe InCopy version 17.3 (and earlier) and 16.4.2 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38407"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-16T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Adobe InCopy version 17.3 (and earlier) and 16.4.2 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-9rc3-p6v7-9985",
"modified": "2022-09-17T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-09-17T00:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38407"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/incopy/apsb22-53.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9RCW-C2F9-2J55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-17 21:19 – Updated: 2025-07-17 22:06Impact
The lastIndexOf(bytes,byte,uint256) function of the Bytes.sol library may access uninitialized memory when the following two conditions hold: 1) the provided buffer length is empty (i.e. buffer.length == 0) and position is not 2**256 - 1 (i.e. pos != type(uint256).max).
The pos argument could be used to access arbitrary data outside of the buffer bounds. This could lead to the operation running out of gas, or returning an invalid index (outside of the empty buffer). Processing this invalid result for accessing the buffer would cause a revert under normal conditions.
When triggered, the function reads memory at offset buffer + 0x20 + pos. If memory at that location (outside the buffer) matches the search pattern, the function would return an out of bound index instead of the expected type(uint256).max. This creates unexpected behavior where callers receive a valid-looking index pointing outside buffer bounds.
Subsequent memory accesses that don't check bounds and use the returned index must carefully review the potential impact depending on their setup. Code relying on this function returning type(uint256).max for empty buffers or using the returned index without bounds checking could exhibit undefined behavior.
Patches
Upgrade to 5.4.0
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@openzeppelin/contracts"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54070"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-17T21:19:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-17T19:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThe `lastIndexOf(bytes,byte,uint256)` function of the `Bytes.sol` library may access uninitialized memory when the following two conditions hold: 1) the provided buffer length is empty (i.e. `buffer.length == 0`) and position is not `2**256 - 1` (i.e. `pos != type(uint256).max`).\n\nThe `pos` argument could be used to access arbitrary data outside of the buffer bounds. This could lead to the operation running out of gas, or returning an invalid index (outside of the empty buffer). Processing this invalid result for accessing the `buffer` would cause a revert under normal conditions.\n\nWhen triggered, the function reads memory at offset `buffer + 0x20 + pos`. If memory at that location (outside the\u00a0`buffer`) matches the search pattern, the function would return an out of bound index instead of the expected `type(uint256).max`. This creates unexpected behavior where callers receive a valid-looking index pointing outside buffer bounds.\n\nSubsequent memory accesses that don\u0027t check bounds and use the returned index must carefully review the potential impact depending on their setup. Code relying on this function returning `type(uint256).max` for empty buffers or using the returned index without bounds checking could exhibit undefined behavior.\n\n### Patches\n\nUpgrade to 5.4.0",
"id": "GHSA-9rcw-c2f9-2j55",
"modified": "2025-07-17T22:06:46Z",
"published": "2025-07-17T21:19:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-9rcw-c2f9-2j55"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54070"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/5797"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v5.4.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenZeppelin Contracts Bytes\u0027s lastIndexOf function with position argument performs out-of-bound memory access on empty buffers"
}
GHSA-9RGH-72F4-PJM6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:47 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:41The TDStretchSSE::calcCrossCorr function in source/SoundTouch/sse_optimized.cpp in SoundTouch 1.9.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer over-read and application crash) via a crafted wav file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9260"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-27T06:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The TDStretchSSE::calcCrossCorr function in source/SoundTouch/sse_optimized.cpp in SoundTouch 1.9.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer over-read and application crash) via a crafted wav file.",
"id": "GHSA-9rgh-72f4-pjm6",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:41:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:47:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2017/Jul/62"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9RGP-F8X3-28F8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-02 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-02 21:30Foxit PDF Reader PRC File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PRC files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26774.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9327"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-02T21:15:35Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Foxit PDF Reader PRC File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of PRC files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26774.",
"id": "GHSA-9rgp-f8x3-28f8",
"modified": "2025-09-02T21:30:59Z",
"published": "2025-09-02T21:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-865"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9RJC-P324-P26X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-05 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:26Memory corruption due to buffer over-read in Modem while processing SetNativeHandle RTP service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-40524"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-126"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-05T07:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption due to buffer over-read in Modem while processing SetNativeHandle RTP service.",
"id": "GHSA-9rjc-p324-p26x",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:26:48Z",
"published": "2023-09-05T09:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/september-2023-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9RM7-7C5C-F5VJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-06 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:34Transient DOS in WLAN Firmware while parsing FT Information Elements.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21660"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-126"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-06T08:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Transient DOS in WLAN Firmware while parsing FT Information Elements.",
"id": "GHSA-9rm7-7c5c-f5vj",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:34:50Z",
"published": "2023-06-06T09:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/june-2023-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.