CWE-129
AllowedImproper Validation of Array Index
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.
746 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2RR6-HJW5-XCH6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-19 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-21 19:01Memory corruption in WLAN due to out of bound array access during connect/roaming in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wearables
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25720"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-19T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Memory corruption in WLAN due to out of bound array access during connect/roaming in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice \u0026 Music, Snapdragon Wearables",
"id": "GHSA-2rr6-hjw5-xch6",
"modified": "2022-10-21T19:01:19Z",
"published": "2022-10-19T12:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/october-2022-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RR7-PJCQ-C7FJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-03 18:30 – Updated: 2025-02-03 18:30Memory corruption while reading CPU state data during guest VM suspend.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49837"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-03T17:15:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption while reading CPU state data during guest VM suspend.",
"id": "GHSA-2rr7-pjcq-c7fj",
"modified": "2025-02-03T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2025-02-03T18:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49837"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/february-2025-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2V92-8HH5-248M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-04 15:31 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
fbcon: Make sure modelist not set on unregistered console
It looks like attempting to write to the "store_modes" sysfs node will run afoul of unregistered consoles:
UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbcon.c:122:28 index -1 is out of range for type 'fb_info *[32]' ... fbcon_info_from_console+0x192/0x1a0 drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbcon.c:122 fbcon_new_modelist+0xbf/0x2d0 drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbcon.c:3048 fb_new_modelist+0x328/0x440 drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmem.c:673 store_modes+0x1c9/0x3e0 drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbsysfs.c:113 dev_attr_store+0x55/0x80 drivers/base/core.c:2439
static struct fb_info fbcon_registered_fb[FB_MAX]; ... static signed char con2fb_map[MAX_NR_CONSOLES]; ... static struct fb_info fbcon_info_from_console(int console) ... return fbcon_registered_fb[con2fb_map[console]];
If con2fb_map contains a -1 things go wrong here. Instead, return NULL, as callers of fbcon_info_from_console() are trying to compare against existing "info" pointers, so error handling should kick in correctly.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-38198"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-04T14:15:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfbcon: Make sure modelist not set on unregistered console\n\nIt looks like attempting to write to the \"store_modes\" sysfs node will\nrun afoul of unregistered consoles:\n\nUBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbcon.c:122:28\nindex -1 is out of range for type \u0027fb_info *[32]\u0027\n...\n fbcon_info_from_console+0x192/0x1a0 drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbcon.c:122\n fbcon_new_modelist+0xbf/0x2d0 drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbcon.c:3048\n fb_new_modelist+0x328/0x440 drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmem.c:673\n store_modes+0x1c9/0x3e0 drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbsysfs.c:113\n dev_attr_store+0x55/0x80 drivers/base/core.c:2439\n\nstatic struct fb_info *fbcon_registered_fb[FB_MAX];\n...\nstatic signed char con2fb_map[MAX_NR_CONSOLES];\n...\nstatic struct fb_info *fbcon_info_from_console(int console)\n...\n return fbcon_registered_fb[con2fb_map[console]];\n\nIf con2fb_map contains a -1 things go wrong here. Instead, return NULL,\nas callers of fbcon_info_from_console() are trying to compare against\nexisting \"info\" pointers, so error handling should kick in correctly.",
"id": "GHSA-2v92-8hh5-248m",
"modified": "2026-05-12T15:30:54Z",
"published": "2025-07-04T15:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38198"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/519ba75728ee8cd561dce25fc52a2ec5c47171dc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/54b28f7c567dd659e5f9562f518e4d7f3f6a367b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3237d451bf3a4490cb1a76f3b7c91d9888f1c4b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cedc1b63394a866bf8663a3e40f4546f1d28c8d8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f28f1f578cd810779d01999c60618cda14c281dd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VGC-PR6W-4GQ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-27 15:30 – Updated: 2025-04-10 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amd/display: Check link_index before accessing dc->links[]
[WHY & HOW] dc->links[] has max size of MAX_LINKS and NULL is return when trying to access with out-of-bound index.
This fixes 3 OVERRUN and 1 RESOURCE_LEAK issues reported by Coverity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46813"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-27T13:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/amd/display: Check link_index before accessing dc-\u003elinks[]\n\n[WHY \u0026 HOW]\ndc-\u003elinks[] has max size of MAX_LINKS and NULL is return when trying to\naccess with out-of-bound index.\n\nThis fixes 3 OVERRUN and 1 RESOURCE_LEAK issues reported by Coverity.",
"id": "GHSA-2vgc-pr6w-4gq9",
"modified": "2025-04-10T15:31:37Z",
"published": "2024-09-27T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46813"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/032c5407a608ac3b2a98bf4fbda27d12c20c5887"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8aa2864044b9d13e95fe224f32e808afbf79ecdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac04759b4a002969cf0f1384f1b8bb2001cfa782"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VP4-Q7FV-3QF9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:33 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:33In Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android, with all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, due to the lack of a range check on the array index into the WMI descriptor pool, arbitrary address execution may potentially occur in the process mgmt completion handler.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-14889"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-16T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android, with all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, due to the lack of a range check on the array index into the WMI descriptor pool, arbitrary address execution may potentially occur in the process mgmt completion handler.",
"id": "GHSA-2vp4-q7fv-3qf9",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:33:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:33:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14889"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2018-03-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la/platform/vendor/qcom-opensource/wlan/qcacld-3.0/commit/?id=e11e9dc8298dc0632050cacce96e9652d017f755"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VWW-W979-X68J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-07 21:31 – Updated: 2025-03-07 21:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
block: Fix handling of offline queues in blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx()
This patch prevents that test nvme/004 triggers the following:
UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in block/blk-mq.h:135:9 index 512 is out of range for type 'long unsigned int [512]' Call Trace: show_stack+0x52/0x58 dump_stack_lvl+0x49/0x5e dump_stack+0x10/0x12 ubsan_epilogue+0x9/0x3b __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds.cold+0x44/0x49 blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx+0x304/0x310 __nvme_submit_sync_cmd+0x70/0x200 [nvme_core] nvmf_connect_io_queue+0x23e/0x2a0 [nvme_fabrics] nvme_loop_connect_io_queues+0x8d/0xb0 [nvme_loop] nvme_loop_create_ctrl+0x58e/0x7d0 [nvme_loop] nvmf_create_ctrl+0x1d7/0x4d0 [nvme_fabrics] nvmf_dev_write+0xae/0x111 [nvme_fabrics] vfs_write+0x144/0x560 ksys_write+0xb7/0x140 __x64_sys_write+0x42/0x50 do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-49720"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T07:01:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nblock: Fix handling of offline queues in blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx()\n\nThis patch prevents that test nvme/004 triggers the following:\n\nUBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in block/blk-mq.h:135:9\nindex 512 is out of range for type \u0027long unsigned int [512]\u0027\nCall Trace:\n show_stack+0x52/0x58\n dump_stack_lvl+0x49/0x5e\n dump_stack+0x10/0x12\n ubsan_epilogue+0x9/0x3b\n __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds.cold+0x44/0x49\n blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx+0x304/0x310\n __nvme_submit_sync_cmd+0x70/0x200 [nvme_core]\n nvmf_connect_io_queue+0x23e/0x2a0 [nvme_fabrics]\n nvme_loop_connect_io_queues+0x8d/0xb0 [nvme_loop]\n nvme_loop_create_ctrl+0x58e/0x7d0 [nvme_loop]\n nvmf_create_ctrl+0x1d7/0x4d0 [nvme_fabrics]\n nvmf_dev_write+0xae/0x111 [nvme_fabrics]\n vfs_write+0x144/0x560\n ksys_write+0xb7/0x140\n __x64_sys_write+0x42/0x50\n do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae",
"id": "GHSA-2vww-w979-x68j",
"modified": "2025-03-07T21:31:04Z",
"published": "2025-03-07T21:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-49720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/14dc7a18abbe4176f5626c13c333670da8e06aa1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7fa28a7c3d74933a4fc22d341b60927952f31c19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b202a0bd2580ee5b0453772c46d464152fafff73"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5e65ef044d627effdc2599040b6d204e003f955"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2VX6-MXQ6-C2RW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-21 12:31 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:46In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
fs/ntfs3: Use variable length array instead of fixed size
Should fix smatch warning: ntfs_set_label() error: __builtin_memcpy() 'uni->name' too small (20 vs 256)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38623"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-21T11:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfs/ntfs3: Use variable length array instead of fixed size\n\nShould fix smatch warning:\n\tntfs_set_label() error: __builtin_memcpy() \u0027uni-\u003ename\u0027 too small (20 vs 256)",
"id": "GHSA-2vx6-mxq6-c2rw",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:46:19Z",
"published": "2024-06-21T12:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38623"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1997cdc3e727526aa5d84b32f7cbb3f56459b7ef"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1fe1c9dc21ee52920629d2d9b9bd84358931a8d1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3839a9b19a4b70eff6b6ad70446f639f7fd5a3d7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2de301d90b782ac5d7a5fe32995caaee9ab3a0f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cceef44b34819c24bb6ed70dce5b524bd3e368d1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2WCM-G247-VX59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 06:34 – Updated: 2026-07-02 06:34GeoWebPlayer (also called "Web Plugin" in the GV-VMS documentation and "WS Player" for VMS-Cloud) is an addon that can be installed with various GeoVision software (GV-VMS, GV-Cloud, ...). It creates a websocket server that expands the capabilities of the various web-interfaces provided by the GeoVision software and may be necessary for them to function properly.
The Websocket server can accept various commands coming from localhost. Many of the commands will take an index value that is then used to access various arrays to enter critical sections, perform various actions via function calls, etc. However the index value is usually not checked for valid range, and as such it can be used to access multiple arrays out-of-bound.
setPIP command index-out-of-bound
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-57264"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-02T04:17:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "GeoWebPlayer (also called \"Web Plugin\" in the GV-VMS documentation and \"WS Player\" for VMS-Cloud) is an addon that can be installed with various GeoVision software (GV-VMS, GV-Cloud, ...). It creates a websocket server that expands the capabilities of the various web-interfaces provided by the GeoVision software and may be necessary for them to function properly.\n\nThe Websocket server can accept various commands coming from localhost. Many of the commands will take an `index` value that is then used to access various arrays to enter critical sections, perform various actions via function calls, etc. However the `index` value is usually not checked for valid range, and as such it can be used to access multiple arrays out-of-bound.\n\n\n\n#### setPIP command index-out-of-bound",
"id": "GHSA-2wcm-g247-vx59",
"modified": "2026-07-02T06:34:03Z",
"published": "2026-07-02T06:34:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2026-2373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.geovision.com.tw/cyber_security.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2WVH-6639-8HPH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-30 00:30 – Updated: 2024-08-27 18:31O-RAN RIC I-Release e2mgr lacks array size checks in E2nodeConfigUpdateNotificationHandler.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-34048"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-30T00:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "O-RAN RIC I-Release e2mgr lacks array size checks in E2nodeConfigUpdateNotificationHandler.",
"id": "GHSA-2wvh-6639-8hph",
"modified": "2024-08-27T18:31:35Z",
"published": "2024-04-30T00:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34048"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gerrit.o-ran-sc.org/r/c/ric-plt/e2mgr/+/12629"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.o-ran-sc.org/browse/RIC-1044"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2XH3-9JM8-R4R2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-10 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing
Haowei Yan g1042620637@gmail.com found that ets_class_from_arg() can index an Out-Of-Bound class in ets_class_from_arg() when passed clid of 0. The overflow may cause local privilege escalation.
[ 18.852298] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 18.853271] UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/sched/sch_ets.c:93:20 [ 18.853743] index 18446744073709551615 is out of range for type 'ets_class [16]' [ 18.854254] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1275 Comm: poc Not tainted 6.12.6-dirty #17 [ 18.854821] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014 [ 18.856532] Call Trace: [ 18.857441] [ 18.858227] dump_stack_lvl+0xc2/0xf0 [ 18.859607] dump_stack+0x10/0x20 [ 18.860908] __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0xa7/0xf0 [ 18.864022] ets_class_change+0x3d6/0x3f0 [ 18.864322] tc_ctl_tclass+0x251/0x910 [ 18.864587] ? lock_acquire+0x5e/0x140 [ 18.865113] ? __mutex_lock+0x9c/0xe70 [ 18.866009] ? __mutex_lock+0xa34/0xe70 [ 18.866401] rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x170/0x6f0 [ 18.866806] ? __lock_acquire+0x578/0xc10 [ 18.867184] ? __pfx_rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10 [ 18.867503] netlink_rcv_skb+0x59/0x110 [ 18.867776] rtnetlink_rcv+0x15/0x30 [ 18.868159] netlink_unicast+0x1c3/0x2b0 [ 18.868440] netlink_sendmsg+0x239/0x4b0 [ 18.868721] _syssendmsg+0x3e2/0x410 [ 18.869012] _sys_sendmsg+0x88/0xe0 [ 18.869276] ? rseq_ip_fixup+0x198/0x260 [ 18.869563] ? rseq_update_cpu_node_id+0x10a/0x190 [ 18.869900] ? trace_hardirqs_off+0x5a/0xd0 [ 18.870196] ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0xcc/0x220 [ 18.870547] ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150 [ 18.870821] ? __memcg_slab_free_hook+0x69/0x290 [ 18.871157] __sys_sendmsg+0x69/0xd0 [ 18.871416] __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x1d/0x30 [ 18.871699] x64_sys_call+0x9e2/0x2670 [ 18.871979] do_syscall_64+0x87/0x150 [ 18.873280] ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150 [ 18.874742] ? lock_release+0x7b/0x160 [ 18.876157] ? do_user_addr_fault+0x5ce/0x8f0 [ 18.877833] ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0xc2/0x210 [ 18.879608] ? irqentry_exit+0x77/0xb0 [ 18.879808] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70 [ 18.880023] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70 [ 18.880223] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70 [ 18.880426] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e [ 18.880683] RIP: 0033:0x44a957 [ 18.880851] Code: ff ff e8 fc 00 00 00 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 51 c3 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 8974 24 10 [ 18.881766] RSP: 002b:00007ffcdd00fad8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e [ 18.882149] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffcdd010db8 RCX: 000000000044a957 [ 18.882507] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffcdd00fb70 RDI: 0000000000000003 [ 18.885037] RBP: 00007ffcdd010bc0 R08: 000000000703c770 R09: 000000000703c7c0 [ 18.887203] R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001 [ 18.888026] R13: 00007ffcdd010da8 R14: 00000000004ca7d0 R15: 0000000000000001 [ 18.888395] [ 18.888610] ---[ end trace ]---
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21692"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-10T16:15:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing\n\nHaowei Yan \u003cg1042620637@gmail.com\u003e found that ets_class_from_arg() can\nindex an Out-Of-Bound class in ets_class_from_arg() when passed clid of\n0. The overflow may cause local privilege escalation.\n\n [ 18.852298] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n [ 18.853271] UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/sched/sch_ets.c:93:20\n [ 18.853743] index 18446744073709551615 is out of range for type \u0027ets_class [16]\u0027\n [ 18.854254] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1275 Comm: poc Not tainted 6.12.6-dirty #17\n [ 18.854821] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014\n [ 18.856532] Call Trace:\n [ 18.857441] \u003cTASK\u003e\n [ 18.858227] dump_stack_lvl+0xc2/0xf0\n [ 18.859607] dump_stack+0x10/0x20\n [ 18.860908] __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0xa7/0xf0\n [ 18.864022] ets_class_change+0x3d6/0x3f0\n [ 18.864322] tc_ctl_tclass+0x251/0x910\n [ 18.864587] ? lock_acquire+0x5e/0x140\n [ 18.865113] ? __mutex_lock+0x9c/0xe70\n [ 18.866009] ? __mutex_lock+0xa34/0xe70\n [ 18.866401] rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x170/0x6f0\n [ 18.866806] ? __lock_acquire+0x578/0xc10\n [ 18.867184] ? __pfx_rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10\n [ 18.867503] netlink_rcv_skb+0x59/0x110\n [ 18.867776] rtnetlink_rcv+0x15/0x30\n [ 18.868159] netlink_unicast+0x1c3/0x2b0\n [ 18.868440] netlink_sendmsg+0x239/0x4b0\n [ 18.868721] ____sys_sendmsg+0x3e2/0x410\n [ 18.869012] ___sys_sendmsg+0x88/0xe0\n [ 18.869276] ? rseq_ip_fixup+0x198/0x260\n [ 18.869563] ? rseq_update_cpu_node_id+0x10a/0x190\n [ 18.869900] ? trace_hardirqs_off+0x5a/0xd0\n [ 18.870196] ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0xcc/0x220\n [ 18.870547] ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150\n [ 18.870821] ? __memcg_slab_free_hook+0x69/0x290\n [ 18.871157] __sys_sendmsg+0x69/0xd0\n [ 18.871416] __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x1d/0x30\n [ 18.871699] x64_sys_call+0x9e2/0x2670\n [ 18.871979] do_syscall_64+0x87/0x150\n [ 18.873280] ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150\n [ 18.874742] ? lock_release+0x7b/0x160\n [ 18.876157] ? do_user_addr_fault+0x5ce/0x8f0\n [ 18.877833] ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0xc2/0x210\n [ 18.879608] ? irqentry_exit+0x77/0xb0\n [ 18.879808] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\n [ 18.880023] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\n [ 18.880223] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\n [ 18.880426] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n [ 18.880683] RIP: 0033:0x44a957\n [ 18.880851] Code: ff ff e8 fc 00 00 00 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 51 c3 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 8974 24 10\n [ 18.881766] RSP: 002b:00007ffcdd00fad8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e\n [ 18.882149] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffcdd010db8 RCX: 000000000044a957\n [ 18.882507] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffcdd00fb70 RDI: 0000000000000003\n [ 18.885037] RBP: 00007ffcdd010bc0 R08: 000000000703c770 R09: 000000000703c7c0\n [ 18.887203] R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001\n [ 18.888026] R13: 00007ffcdd010da8 R14: 00000000004ca7d0 R15: 0000000000000001\n [ 18.888395] \u003c/TASK\u003e\n [ 18.888610] ---[ end trace ]---",
"id": "GHSA-2xh3-9jm8-r4r2",
"modified": "2026-05-12T15:30:45Z",
"published": "2025-02-10T18:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-355557.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/03c56665dab1f4ac844bc156652d50d639093fa5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1332c6ed446be787f901ed1064ec6a3c694f028a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/997f6ec4208b23c87daf9f044689685f091826f7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcf0d815e728a3a304b50455b32a3170c16e1eaa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d62b04fca4340a0d468d7853bd66e511935a18cb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4168299e553f17aa2ba4016e77a9c38da40eb1d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f6b0f05fbfa4044f890e8a348288c0d9a20bd1d0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-7
Strategy: Input Validation
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
Mitigation MIT-15
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
- Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, Ada allows the programmer to constrain the values of a variable and languages such as Java and Ruby will allow the programmer to handle exceptions when an out-of-bounds index is accessed.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When accessing a user-controlled array index, use a stringent range of values that are within the target array. Make sure that you do not allow negative values to be used. That is, verify the minimum as well as the maximum of the range of acceptable values.
Mitigation MIT-35
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.