CWE-1321
AllowedImproperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
778 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XP9C-82X8-7F67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-02-26 16:31 – Updated: 2021-09-22 13:55Impact
Node-RED 1.2.7 and earlier contains a Prototype Pollution vulnerability in the admin API. A badly formed request can modify the prototype of the default JavaScript Object with the potential to affect the default behaviour of the Node-RED runtime.
Patches
The vulnerability is patched in the 1.2.8 release.
Workarounds
A workaround is to ensure only authorised users are able to access the editor url.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Email us at team@nodered.org
Acknowledgements
Thanks to the Tencent Woodpecker Security Team for disclosing this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@node-red/runtime"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21297"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-915"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-02-26T16:22:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-26T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nNode-RED 1.2.7 and earlier contains a Prototype Pollution vulnerability in the admin API. A badly formed request can modify the prototype of the default JavaScript Object with the potential to affect the default behaviour of the Node-RED runtime.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability is patched in the 1.2.8 release.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nA workaround is to ensure only authorised users are able to access the editor url.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Email us at [team@nodered.org](mailto:team@nodered.org)\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nThanks to the Tencent Woodpecker Security Team for disclosing this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-xp9c-82x8-7f67",
"modified": "2021-09-22T13:55:00Z",
"published": "2021-02-26T16:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-red/node-red/security/advisories/GHSA-xp9c-82x8-7f67"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21297"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/node-red/node-red"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-red/node-red/releases/tag/1.2.8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/@node-red/editor-api"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/@node-red/runtime"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution in Node-Red"
}
GHSA-XPP5-M7FR-WP25
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-06 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-06 18:30A Prototype pollution vulnerability in Kibana leads to arbitrary code execution via crafted HTTP requests to machine learning and reporting endpoints.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-25014"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-06T18:15:37Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A Prototype pollution vulnerability in Kibana leads to arbitrary code execution via crafted HTTP requests to machine learning and reporting endpoints.",
"id": "GHSA-xpp5-m7fr-wp25",
"modified": "2025-05-06T18:30:39Z",
"published": "2025-05-06T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25014"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-8-17-6-8-18-1-or-9-0-1-security-update-esa-2025-07/377868"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XPRV-WVH7-QQQX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-09 20:47 – Updated: 2023-08-21 18:16Impact
Keywords that are specified in the Parse Server option requestKeywordDenylist can be injected via Cloud Code Webhooks or Triggers. This will result in the keyword being saved to the database, bypassing the requestKeywordDenylist option.
Patches
Improved keyword detection.
Workarounds
Configure your firewall to only allow trusted servers to make request to the Parse Server Cloud Code Webhooks API, or block the API completely if you are not using the feature.
Collaborators
Mikhail Shcherbakov, Cristian-Alexandru Staicu and Musard Balliu working with Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative
References
- https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/security/advisories/GHSA-xprv-wvh7-qqqx
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "parse-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.10.19"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "parse-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41878"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-09T20:47:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-10T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nKeywords that are specified in the Parse Server option `requestKeywordDenylist` can be injected via Cloud Code Webhooks or Triggers. This will result in the keyword being saved to the database, bypassing the `requestKeywordDenylist` option.\n\n### Patches\n\nImproved keyword detection.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nConfigure your firewall to only allow trusted servers to make request to the Parse Server Cloud Code Webhooks API, or block the API completely if you are not using the feature.\n\n### Collaborators\n\nMikhail Shcherbakov, Cristian-Alexandru Staicu and Musard Balliu working with Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative\n\n### References\n- https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/security/advisories/GHSA-xprv-wvh7-qqqx\n",
"id": "GHSA-xprv-wvh7-qqqx",
"modified": "2023-08-21T18:16:54Z",
"published": "2022-11-09T20:47:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/security/advisories/GHSA-xprv-wvh7-qqqx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41878"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/8301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/8302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/commit/0a2d412e265992d53a670011afd9d2578562adc3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/commit/6728da1e3591db1e27031d335d64d8f25546a06f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Parse Server vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via Cloud Code Webhooks or Cloud Code Triggers"
}
GHSA-XQ4F-3JXP-QV6M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-24 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-26 12:56A Prototype Pollution vulnerability in the toCsv function of csvjson versions thru 5.1.0 allows attackers to inject properties on Object.prototype via supplying a crafted payload, causing denial of service (DoS) as the minimum consequence.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "csvjson"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "5.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57318"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-26T12:56:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-24T21:15:31Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Prototype Pollution vulnerability in the toCsv function of csvjson versions thru 5.1.0 allows attackers to inject properties on Object.prototype via supplying a crafted payload, causing denial of service (DoS) as the minimum consequence.",
"id": "GHSA-xq4f-3jxp-qv6m",
"modified": "2025-09-26T12:56:24Z",
"published": "2025-09-24T21:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57318"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/VulnSageAgent/PoCs/blob/main/JavaScript/prototype-pollution/csvjson%405.1.0/index.js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/VulnSageAgent/PoCs/tree/main/JavaScript/prototype-pollution/CVE-2025-57318"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pradeep-mishra/csvjson"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "csvjson vulnerable to prototype injection"
}
GHSA-XQG6-98CW-GXHQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-03 20:49 – Updated: 2026-02-04 17:45Summary
A Prototype Pollution vulnerability exists in the formToObj() function within @builder.io/qwik-city middleware. The function processes form field names with dot notation (e.g., user.name) to create nested objects, but fails to sanitize dangerous property names like __proto__, constructor, and prototype. This allows unauthenticated attackers to pollute Object.prototype by sending crafted HTTP POST requests, potentially leading to privilege escalation, authentication bypass, or denial of service.
Impact
An unauthenticated attacker can supply specially crafted form field names that cause formToObj() to write dangerous keys (for example proto, constructor, prototype) into parsed objects. This results in Prototype Pollution of the server process and can cause privilege escalation, auth bypass, denial-of-service, or other global application integrity failures depending on how objects are used.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@builder.io/qwik-city"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.19.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-03T20:49:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-03T22:16:30Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nA Prototype Pollution vulnerability exists in the `formToObj()` function within `@builder.io/qwik-city` middleware. The function processes form field names with dot notation (e.g., `user.name`) to create nested objects, but fails to sanitize dangerous property names like `__proto__`, `constructor`, and `prototype`. This allows unauthenticated attackers to pollute `Object.prototype` by sending crafted HTTP POST requests, potentially leading to privilege escalation, authentication bypass, or denial of service.\n\n### Impact\nAn unauthenticated attacker can supply specially crafted form field names that cause formToObj() to write dangerous keys (for example __proto__, constructor, prototype) into parsed objects. This results in Prototype Pollution of the server process and can cause privilege escalation, auth bypass, denial-of-service, or other global application integrity failures depending on how objects are used.",
"id": "GHSA-xqg6-98cw-gxhq",
"modified": "2026-02-04T17:45:43Z",
"published": "2026-02-03T20:49:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/QwikDev/qwik/security/advisories/GHSA-xqg6-98cw-gxhq"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/QwikDev/qwik/commit/5f65bae2bc33e6ca0c21e4cfcf9eae05077716f7"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/QwikDev/qwik"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution via FormData Processing in Qwik City"
}
GHSA-XVCH-5GV4-984H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-18 00:01 – Updated: 2024-06-21 21:33Minimist prior to 1.2.6 and 0.2.4 is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via file index.js, function setKey() (lines 69-95).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "minimist"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "minimist"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.2.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-44906"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-18T23:13:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-17T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Minimist prior to 1.2.6 and 0.2.4 is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via file `index.js`, function `setKey()` (lines 69-95).",
"id": "GHSA-xvch-5gv4-984h",
"modified": "2024-06-21T21:33:51Z",
"published": "2022-03-18T00:01:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/minimistjs/minimist/issues/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/substack/minimist/issues/164"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/minimistjs/minimist/pull/24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/minimistjs/minimist/commit/34e20b8461118608703d6485326abbb8e35e1703"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/minimistjs/minimist/commit/bc8ecee43875261f4f17eb20b1243d3ed15e70eb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/minimistjs/minimist/commit/c2b981977fa834b223b408cfb860f933c9811e4d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/minimistjs/minimist/commit/ef9153fc52b6cea0744b2239921c5dcae4697f11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Marynk/JavaScript-vulnerability-detection/blob/main/minimist%20PoC.zip"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/minimistjs/minimist/commits/v0.2.4"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/substack/minimist"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/substack/minimist/blob/master/index.js#L69"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-MINIMIST-559764"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8588563/adding-custom-properties-to-a-function/20278068#20278068"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution in minimist"
}
GHSA-XX4G-R65P-3QF2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-24 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-25 19:28mpregular is a package that provides a small program development framework based on RegularJS. A Prototype Pollution vulnerability in the mp.addEventHandler function of mpregular version 0.2.0 and before allows attackers to inject properties on Object.prototype via supplying a crafted payload, causing denial of service (DoS) as the minimum consequence.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "mpregular"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57323"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-25T19:28:53Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-24T20:15:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "mpregular is a package that provides a small program development framework based on RegularJS. A Prototype Pollution vulnerability in the mp.addEventHandler function of mpregular version 0.2.0 and before allows attackers to inject properties on Object.prototype via supplying a crafted payload, causing denial of service (DoS) as the minimum consequence.",
"id": "GHSA-xx4g-r65p-3qf2",
"modified": "2025-09-25T19:28:53Z",
"published": "2025-09-24T21:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/VulnSageAgent/PoCs/blob/main/JavaScript/prototype-pollution/mpregular%400.2.0/index.js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/VulnSageAgent/PoCs/tree/main/JavaScript/prototype-pollution/CVE-2025-57323"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/regularjs/regular"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "mpregular vulnerable to prototype pollution"
}
GHSA-XXJR-MMJV-4GPG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-21 23:01 – Updated: 2026-06-09 10:56Impact
Lodash versions 4.0.0 through 4.17.22 are vulnerable to prototype pollution in the _.unset and _.omit functions. An attacker can pass crafted paths which cause Lodash to delete methods from global prototypes.
The issue permits deletion of properties but does not allow overwriting their original behavior.
Patches
This issue is patched on 4.17.23.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.17.22"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "lodash"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.17.23"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "lodash.unset"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.5.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.17.22"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "lodash-es"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.17.23"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.17.22"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "lodash-amd"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.17.23"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13465"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-21T23:01:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-21T20:16:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nLodash versions 4.0.0 through 4.17.22 are vulnerable to prototype pollution in the `_.unset` and `_.omit` functions. An attacker can pass crafted paths which cause Lodash to delete methods from global prototypes. \n\nThe issue permits deletion of properties but does not allow overwriting their original behavior. \n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue is patched on 4.17.23.",
"id": "GHSA-xxjr-mmjv-4gpg",
"modified": "2026-06-09T10:56:34Z",
"published": "2026-01-21T23:01:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lodash/lodash/security/advisories/GHSA-xxjr-mmjv-4gpg"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13465"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lodash/lodash/commit/edadd452146f7e4bad4ea684e955708931d84d81"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-253495.html"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/lodash/lodash"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Lodash has Prototype Pollution Vulnerability in `_.unset` and `_.omit` functions"
}
Mitigation
By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation
By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation
By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation
Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.