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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1333

Allowed

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.

822 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-55XV-F85C-248Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-17 19:59 – Updated: 2022-01-04 19:52
VLAI
Summary
Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in jsx-slack
Details

jsx-slack v4.5.1 and earlier versions are vulnerable to a regular expression denial-of-service (ReDoS) attack.

Impact

If attacker can put a lot of JSX elements into <blockquote> tag, an internal regular expression for escaping characters may consume an excessive amount of computing resources.

/** @jsxImportSource jsx-slack */
import { Section } from 'jsx-slack'

console.log(
  <Section>
    <blockquote>
      {[...Array(40)].map((_, i) => (
        <p>{i + 1}</p>
      ))}
    </blockquote>
  </Section>
)

Patches

See also: https://github.com/yhatt/jsx-slack/security/advisories/GHSA-hp68-xhvj-x6j6

jsx-slack v4.5.2 has updated regular expressions to prevent catastrophic backtracking.

jsx-slack v4.5.1 also had patched a workaround. It has no problems to contents with ASCII characters, but still vulnerable to contents with multibyte characters. (https://github.com/yhatt/jsx-slack/commit/36e4a10405e4c7745333e245fcc5029c02c7065d)

References

  • https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43838
  • https://github.com/yhatt/jsx-slack/commit/36e4a10405e4c7745333e245fcc5029c02c7065d

Credits

Thanks to @hieki for finding out this vulnerability.

Severity
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "jsx-slack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43838"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-12-17T19:33:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-17T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "jsx-slack v4.5.1 and earlier versions are vulnerable to a regular expression denial-of-service (ReDoS) attack. \n\n### Impact\n\nIf attacker can put a lot of JSX elements into `\u003cblockquote\u003e` tag, an internal regular expression for escaping characters may consume an excessive amount of computing resources.\n\n```javascript\n/** @jsxImportSource jsx-slack */\nimport { Section } from \u0027jsx-slack\u0027\n\nconsole.log(\n  \u003cSection\u003e\n    \u003cblockquote\u003e\n      {[...Array(40)].map((_, i) =\u003e (\n        \u003cp\u003e{i + 1}\u003c/p\u003e\n      ))}\n    \u003c/blockquote\u003e\n  \u003c/Section\u003e\n)\n```\n\n### Patches\n\n_See also: https://github.com/yhatt/jsx-slack/security/advisories/GHSA-hp68-xhvj-x6j6_\n\njsx-slack v4.5.2 has updated regular expressions to prevent catastrophic backtracking.\n\njsx-slack v4.5.1 also had patched a workaround. It has no problems to contents with ASCII characters, but _still vulnerable to contents with multibyte characters_. (https://github.com/yhatt/jsx-slack/commit/36e4a10405e4c7745333e245fcc5029c02c7065d)\n\n### References\n\n- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43838\n- https://github.com/yhatt/jsx-slack/commit/36e4a10405e4c7745333e245fcc5029c02c7065d\n\n### Credits\n\nThanks to @hieki for finding out this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-55xv-f85c-248q",
  "modified": "2022-01-04T19:52:06Z",
  "published": "2021-12-17T19:59:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yhatt/jsx-slack/security/advisories/GHSA-55xv-f85c-248q"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43838"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yhatt/jsx-slack/commit/36e4a10405e4c7745333e245fcc5029c02c7065d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yhatt/jsx-slack"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in jsx-slack"
}

GHSA-5662-2RJ7-F2V6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-04 15:22 – Updated: 2025-08-04 15:22
VLAI
Summary
copyparty allows Regex Denial of Service (ReDoS) in the upload listing
Details

Summary

The filter parameter for the "Recent uploads" page allows arbitrary Regexes. If this feature is enabled (which is the default), an attacker can craft a filter which deadlocks the server.

PoC

https://127.0.0.1:3923/?ru&filter=(.+)+x

Impact

The server becomes fully inaccessible for a long time.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.18.8"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "copyparty"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.18.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54796"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-04T15:22:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-02T00:15:26Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe `filter` parameter for the \"Recent uploads\" page allows arbitrary Regexes. If this feature is enabled (which is the default), an attacker can craft a filter which deadlocks the server.\n\n### PoC\n`https://127.0.0.1:3923/?ru\u0026filter=(.+)+x`\n\n### Impact\nThe server becomes fully inaccessible for a long time.",
  "id": "GHSA-5662-2rj7-f2v6",
  "modified": "2025-08-04T15:22:23Z",
  "published": "2025-08-04T15:22:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/9001/copyparty/security/advisories/GHSA-5662-2rj7-f2v6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54796"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/9001/copyparty/commit/09910ba80784c3980947d92f45db696398c0fd83"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/9001/copyparty"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/9001/copyparty/releases/tag/v1.18.9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "copyparty allows Regex Denial of Service (ReDoS) in the upload listing"
}

GHSA-593F-38F6-JP5M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-12 19:23 – Updated: 2025-02-12 19:23
VLAI
Summary
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in koa
Details

Summary

Koa uses an evil regex to parse the X-Forwarded-Proto and X-Forwarded-Host HTTP headers. This can be exploited to carry out a Denial-of-Service attack.

PoC

Coming soon.

Impact

This is a Regex Denial-of-Service attack and causes memory exhaustion. The regex should be improved and empty values should not be allowed.

Severity
9.2 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "koa"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.15.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "koa"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0-alpha.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.0-alpha.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "koa"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.7.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "koa"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.21.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-25200"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-12T19:23:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-12T18:15:28Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nKoa uses an evil regex to parse the `X-Forwarded-Proto` and `X-Forwarded-Host` HTTP headers. This can be exploited to carry out a Denial-of-Service attack.\n\n### PoC\n\nComing soon.\n\n### Impact\nThis is a Regex Denial-of-Service attack and causes memory exhaustion. The regex should be improved and empty values should not be allowed.",
  "id": "GHSA-593f-38f6-jp5m",
  "modified": "2025-02-12T19:23:09Z",
  "published": "2025-02-12T19:23:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/koajs/koa/security/advisories/GHSA-593f-38f6-jp5m"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25200"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/koajs/koa/commit/5054af6e31ffd451a4151a1fe144cef6e5d0d83c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/koajs/koa/commit/5f294bb1c7c8d9c61904378d250439a321bffd32"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/koajs/koa/commit/93fe903fc966635a991bcf890cfc3427d33a1a08"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/koajs/koa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/koajs/koa/releases/tag/2.15.4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in koa"
}

GHSA-5943-48F3-6WX5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-26 06:30 – Updated: 2026-02-23 12:31
VLAI
Details

Denial of service condition in M-Files Server in versions before 24.4.13592.4 and after 23.11 (excluding 24.2 LTS) allows unauthenticated user to consume computing resources.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-4056"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-26T06:15:06Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Denial of service condition in M-Files Server in versions before 24.4.13592.4\u00a0and after 23.11 (excluding 24.2 LTS) allows unauthenticated user to consume computing resources.",
  "id": "GHSA-5943-48f3-6wx5",
  "modified": "2026-02-23T12:31:28Z",
  "published": "2024-04-26T06:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4056"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://empower.m-files.com/security-advisories/CVE-2024-4056"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://product.m-files.com/security-advisories/cve-2024-4056"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.m-files.com/about/trust-center/security-advisories/cve-2024-4056"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-59P9-H35M-WG4G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-12 12:30 – Updated: 2025-09-15 13:57
VLAI
Summary
Hugging Face Transformers is vulnerable to ReDoS through its MarianTokenizer
Details

A Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability was discovered in the Hugging Face Transformers library, specifically affecting the MarianTokenizer's remove_language_code() method. This vulnerability is present in version 4.52.4 and has been fixed in version 4.53.0. The issue arises from inefficient regex processing, which can be exploited by crafted input strings containing malformed language code patterns, leading to excessive CPU consumption and potential denial of service.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "transformers"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.53.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-6638"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-15T13:57:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-12T11:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability was discovered in the Hugging Face Transformers library, specifically affecting the MarianTokenizer\u0027s `remove_language_code()` method. This vulnerability is present in version 4.52.4 and has been fixed in version 4.53.0. The issue arises from inefficient regex processing, which can be exploited by crafted input strings containing malformed language code patterns, leading to excessive CPU consumption and potential denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-59p9-h35m-wg4g",
  "modified": "2025-09-15T13:57:49Z",
  "published": "2025-09-12T12:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6638"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/commit/47c34fba5c303576560cb29767efb452ff12b8be"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/commit/d37f7517972f67e3f2194c000ed0f87f064e5099"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/huggingface/transformers"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/6a6c933f-9ce8-4ded-8b3b-2c1444c61f36"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Hugging Face Transformers is vulnerable to ReDoS through its MarianTokenizer"
}

GHSA-5G3J-89FR-R2VP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 00:07 – Updated: 2026-04-08 00:07
VLAI
Summary
skilleton has improper input handling in repository/path processing
Details

Summary

skilleton versions prior to 0.3.1 include security-related weaknesses in repository normalization and path handling logic.
Version 0.3.1 contains fixes and additional test coverage for these issues.

Affected Versions

<0.3.1

Patched Versions

>=0.3.1

Impact

In affected versions, crafted input could trigger unsafe or inefficient behavior in repository/path processing code paths.
0.3.1 mitigates this by: - replacing vulnerable parsing behavior with deterministic logic, - validating subpaths earlier before allocating git worktree resources, - adding stricter and broader regression tests around these flows.

Severity

Low to Moderate (project-maintainer assessed)

Mitigation

Upgrade to 0.3.1 or later.

Workarounds

No complete workaround is recommended other than upgrading.

References

Credits

Detected through automated code scanning and remediated by project maintainers.

Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "skilleton"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.3.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-78",
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-08T00:07:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`skilleton` versions prior to `0.3.1` include security-related weaknesses in repository normalization and path handling logic.  \nVersion `0.3.1` contains fixes and additional test coverage for these issues.\n\n## Affected Versions\n\n`\u003c0.3.1`\n\n## Patched Versions\n\n`\u003e=0.3.1`\n\n## Impact\n\nIn affected versions, crafted input could trigger unsafe or inefficient behavior in repository/path processing code paths.  \n`0.3.1` mitigates this by:\n- replacing vulnerable parsing behavior with deterministic logic,\n- validating subpaths earlier before allocating git worktree resources,\n- adding stricter and broader regression tests around these flows.\n\n## Severity\n\nLow to Moderate (project-maintainer assessed)\n\n## Mitigation\n\nUpgrade to `0.3.1` or later.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nNo complete workaround is recommended other than upgrading.\n\n## References\n\n- Branch: [`fix/security-code-scanning-alerts`](https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/pull/9)\n- Commits:\n  - [fix(security): harden git arg handling and path validation](https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/pull/9/changes/42bc280ad675bfaa7b1bbc192330fb582bb28172)\n  - [fix(security): use while loop in normalizeRepoUrl instead of regex](https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/pull/9/changes/6613160803ec8655efee9a270eeaa767ad22da8b)\n- Security Policy: [SECURITY.md](https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/blob/master/SECURITY.md)\n\n## Credits\n\nDetected through automated code scanning and remediated by project maintainers.",
  "id": "GHSA-5g3j-89fr-r2vp",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T00:07:36Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T00:07:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/security/advisories/GHSA-5g3j-89fr-r2vp"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/pull/9/changes/42bc280ad675bfaa7b1bbc192330fb582bb28172"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton/pull/9/changes/6613160803ec8655efee9a270eeaa767ad22da8b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Fcmam5/skilleton"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "skilleton has improper input handling in repository/path processing"
}

GHSA-5J4C-8P2G-V4JX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-15 18:30 – Updated: 2024-10-24 18:42
VLAI
Summary
ReDoS vulnerability in vue package that is exploitable through inefficient regex evaluation in the parseHTML function
Details

The ReDoS can be exploited through the parseHTML function in the html-parser.ts file. This flaw allows attackers to slow down the application by providing specially crafted input that causes inefficient processing of regular expressions, leading to excessive resource consumption.

To demonstrate this vulnerability, here's an example. In a Vue client-side application, create a new Vue instance with a template string that includes a <script> tag but closes it incorrectly with something like </textarea>.

new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  template: '
    <div>
      Hello, world!
      <script>${'<'.repeat(1000000)}</textarea>
    </div>'
});

Next, set up a basic HTML page (e.g., index.html) to load this JavaScript and mount the Vue instance:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>My first Vue app</title>
</head>
<body>
  <div id=\"app\">Loading...</div>
</body>
</html>

When you visit the app in your browser at http://localhost:3000, you'll notice that the time taken to parse and mount the Vue application increases significantly due to the ReDoS vulnerability, demonstrating how the flaw can affect performance.

Severity
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
2.9 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "vue"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0-alpha.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.0-alpha.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-9506"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-24T18:42:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-15T16:15:06Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "The ReDoS can be exploited through the `parseHTML` function in the `html-parser.ts` file. This flaw allows attackers to slow down the application by providing specially crafted input that causes inefficient processing of regular expressions, leading to excessive resource consumption.\n\nTo demonstrate this vulnerability, here\u0027s an example. In a Vue client-side application, create a new Vue instance with a template string that includes a `\u003cscript\u003e` tag but closes it incorrectly with something like `\u003c/textarea\u003e`.\n\n```javascript\nnew Vue({\n  el: \u0027#app\u0027,\n  template: \u0027\n    \u003cdiv\u003e\n      Hello, world!\n      \u003cscript\u003e${\u0027\u003c\u0027.repeat(1000000)}\u003c/textarea\u003e\n    \u003c/div\u003e\u0027\n});\n```\nNext, set up a basic HTML page (e.g., index.html) to load this JavaScript and mount the Vue instance:\n\n```html\n\u003c!DOCTYPE html\u003e\n\u003chtml\u003e\n\u003chead\u003e\n  \u003ctitle\u003eMy first Vue app\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003cbody\u003e\n  \u003cdiv id=\\\"app\\\"\u003eLoading...\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/body\u003e\n\u003c/html\u003e\n```\n\nWhen you visit the app in your browser at http://localhost:3000, you\u0027ll notice that the time taken to parse and mount the Vue application increases significantly due to the ReDoS vulnerability, demonstrating how the flaw can affect performance.",
  "id": "GHSA-5j4c-8p2g-v4jx",
  "modified": "2024-10-24T18:42:59Z",
  "published": "2024-10-15T18:30:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9506"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vuejs/core"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.herodevs.com/vulnerability-directory/cve-2024-9506"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ReDoS vulnerability in vue package that is exploitable through inefficient regex evaluation in the parseHTML function"
}

GHSA-5JFM-FVC2-73XF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-02 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:29
VLAI
Details

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 9.3 before 16.0.8, all versions starting from 16.1 before 16.1.3, all versions starting from 16.2 before 16.2.2. A Regular Expression Denial of Service was possible via sending crafted payloads which use ProjectReferenceFilter to the preview_markdown endpoint.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-3994"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-02T01:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 9.3 before 16.0.8, all versions starting from 16.1 before 16.1.3, all versions starting from 16.2 before 16.2.2. A Regular Expression Denial of Service was possible via sending crafted payloads which use ProjectReferenceFilter to the preview_markdown endpoint.",
  "id": "GHSA-5jfm-fvc2-73xf",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:29:26Z",
  "published": "2023-08-02T03:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3994"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1963255"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/416225"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5JHF-FPP7-V2PV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-09-02 14:43
Withdrawn 2026-09-02 VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: Nokogiri CSS selector tokenizer has regular expression backtracking
Details

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-c4rq-3m3g-8wgx. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

Nokogiri versions before 1.19.3 contain regular expression denial of service vulnerabilities in the CSS selector tokenizer affecting string-literal and identifier tokenization. Attackers can inject adversarial CSS selectors into methods like Node#css, Node#at_css, and Searchable#search to cause exponential regex backtracking and denial of service.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 1.19.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "nokogiri"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-02T14:43:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T16:17:28Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00a0GHSA-c4rq-3m3g-8wgx. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nNokogiri versions before 1.19.3 contain regular expression denial of service vulnerabilities in the CSS selector tokenizer affecting string-literal and identifier tokenization. Attackers can inject adversarial CSS selectors into methods like Node#css, Node#at_css, and Searchable#search to cause exponential regex backtracking and denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-5jhf-fpp7-v2pv",
  "modified": "2026-09-02T14:43:13Z",
  "published": "2026-08-25T18:31:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-c4rq-3m3g-8wgx"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-79770"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-redos-via-css-selector-tokenizer"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Nokogiri CSS selector tokenizer has regular expression backtracking",
  "withdrawn": "2026-09-02T14:43:13Z"
}

GHSA-5JQP-885W-XJ32

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-10 12:01 – Updated: 2023-08-31 00:33
VLAI
Summary
pymatgen is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)
Details

An exponential ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) can be triggered in the pymatgen PyPI package, when an attacker is able to supply arbitrary input to the GaussianInput.from_string method.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "pymatgen"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2022.9.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-42964"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-10T18:55:00Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-09T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An exponential ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) can be triggered in the pymatgen PyPI package, when an attacker is able to supply arbitrary input to the `GaussianInput.from_string` method.",
  "id": "GHSA-5jqp-885w-xj32",
  "modified": "2023-08-31T00:33:18Z",
  "published": "2022-11-10T12:01:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42964"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/materialsproject/pymatgen/issues/2755"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/materialsproject/pymatgen"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/pymatgen-redos-xray-257184"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "pymatgen is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.

Mitigation
Implementation

Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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