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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1333

Allowed

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.

814 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-76821 (GCVE-0-2026-76821)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 19:38 – Updated: 2026-09-15 19:38
VLAI
Title
OpenCTI: User-Controlled ReDoS in JSON Ingestion Mapper
Summary
OpenCTI is an open source platform for managing cyber threat intelligence knowledge and observables. Prior to 7.260706.0, the JSON ingestion mapper's extractWithRegexp formula function compiled a user-supplied regular expression with the JavaScript RegExp engine in opencti-platform/opencti-graphql/src/parser/json-mapper.ts without validating its complexity. An authenticated user with JSON mapper creation permission could provide a catastrophically backtracking pattern and matching ingestion input, blocking the Node.js event loop and making the GraphQL API unavailable to all users. Scheduled ingestion could repeatedly execute the malicious mapper without additional attacker action, and recovery could require disabling the mapper and restarting the process. The issue affects availability and does not expose or modify data. This issue is fixed in version 7.260706.0.
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenCTI-Platform opencti Affected: < 7.260706.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-75880 (GCVE-0-2026-75880)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 04:36 – Updated: 2026-09-10 17:31
VLAI
Title
Apache Artemis, Apache ActiveMQ Artemis: Message selector wildcard handling could lead to denial of service
Summary
An authenticated client could attach a consumer with a selector containing crafted wildcard usage that results in excessive evaluation during message delivery attempts, occupying a shared broker thread and leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apache Artemis: from 2.50.0 through 2.56.0; Apache ActiveMQ Artemis: from 1.0.0 through 2.44.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.57.0, which fixes this issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 17:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient regular expression complexity
Impacted products
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-74039 (GCVE-0-2026-74039)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 17:26 – Updated: 2026-08-18 18:45
VLAI
Title
Wazuh 4.0.0 < 4.14.7 API DoS via Deeply Nested JSON auth_context
Summary
Wazuh 4.0.0 before 4.14.7 and 5.0.0-beta2 contain a denial of service vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with allow_run_as enabled to exhaust CPU resources by submitting arbitrarily deeply nested JSON structures to the POST /security/user/authenticate/run_as endpoint. Attackers can repeatedly submit malformed auth_context bodies with unlimited nesting depth to cause the API framework to consume excessive CPU, denying service to all other API consumers.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 18:45 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Wazuh wazuh-manager Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.14.7 (semver)
Affected: 5.0.0-beta2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-18 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-73556 (GCVE-0-2026-73556)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:56 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:52
VLAI
Title
vLLM: ReDoS via structured_outputs.regex in the lm-format-enforcer backend (no compile timeout) — missed sibling of CVE-2026-55574
Summary
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models. Prior to 0.26.0, the structured_outputs.regex parameter in vllm/v1/structured_output/backend_lm_format_enforcer.py is passed to lmformatenforcer.RegexParser without compile_regex_with_timeout or validation in validate_structured_output_request_lm_format_enforcer, allowing an unauthenticated /v1/completions request against the lm-format-enforcer backend to consume a CPU core and stall the structured-output engine path with a catastrophic regular expression. This issue is fixed in version 0.26.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 16:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vllm-project vllm Affected: < 0.26.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-72912 (GCVE-0-2026-72912)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-10 21:02 – Updated: 2026-08-12 22:14
VLAI
Title
CyberChef’s pretty-recipe parser vulnerable to client-side ReDoS / CPU exhaustion when parsing a malformed #recipe= URL
Summary
CyberChef is a web app for encryption, encoding, compression, and data analysis. Prior to 11.3.0, CyberChef's pretty-recipe parser in src/core/Utils.mjs can exhaust client-side CPU when a malformed #recipe= URL fragment containing a large number of unmatched quote characters reaches Utils.parseRecipeConfig(). The function synchronously applies a complex global regular expression that may perform heavy backtracking before rejecting the input, causing the victim's browser tab to freeze during startup for seconds or longer. No code execution, data exfiltration, or privilege escalation occurs. This issue is fixed in version 11.3.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-12 22:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gchq CyberChef Affected: < 11.3.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-72818 (GCVE-0-2026-72818)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 21:57 – Updated: 2026-08-21 11:20
VLAI
Title
NLTK TweetTokenizer URL Pattern Backtracks Catastrophically on Naked-Domain-Like Input
Summary
The URLS regular expression in nltk/tokenize/casual.py, compiled into TweetTokenizer.WORD_RE and applied by TweetTokenizer.tokenize, contains a naked-domain branch whose domain-label prefix [a-z0-9]+(?:[.\-][a-z0-9]+)* is unbounded. Input consisting of many alternating label separators can be partitioned in exponentially many ways, and because the branch also requires a trailing top-level domain that such input never supplies, the engine explores those partitions before failing at each offset. A few kilobytes of input therefore consumes seconds to minutes of single-threaded CPU, and the HANG_RE substitution performed before matching does not collapse the pattern. TweetTokenizer is intended for tokenizing untrusted social-media text, so any service that applies it, or the module-level casual_tokenize, to submitted text can be stalled per request without authentication. Version 3.10.1 bounds the label repetition.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 11:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nltk nltk Affected: 0 , < 3.10.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.10.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:nltk:nltk:3.9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-12 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-71190 (GCVE-0-2026-71190)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 04:54 – Updated: 2026-08-06 13:09
VLAI
Summary
In OpenStack Swift through 2.38.0, the proxy server Accept header parser contains a regular expression vulnerable to catastrophic backtracking (ReDoS). The "qdtext" pattern (?:[^"]|\\.)* allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to send a crafted Accept header that causes exponential CPU consumption in the proxy worker. A payload of 32 backslash-character pairs exceeds 30 seconds of CPU time. No authentication is required. Repeated requests can exhaust all proxy worker threads, resulting in a complete denial of service.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-06 13:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenStack Swift Affected: 1.9.1 , < 2.35.4 (semver)
Affected: 2.36.0 , < 2.36.3 (semver)
Affected: 2.37.0 , < 2.37.3 (semver)
Affected: 2.38.0 (semver)
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    cpe:2.3:a:openstack:swift:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:openstack:swift:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-70656 (GCVE-0-2026-70656)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 17:59 – Updated: 2026-08-21 18:07
VLAI
Title
Checkmate: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via User-Controlled Regex in Monitor Advanced Matching
Summary
Checkmate is an open-source, self-hosted tool designed to track and monitor server hardware, uptime, response times, and incidents in real-time with beautiful visualizations. From 3.5.1 until 3.9.2, an authenticated admin or superadmin can set matchMethod to regex and place a malicious expression in the expectedValue field for advanced HTTP monitor matching. server/src/api/validation/monitorValidation.ts accepts the expression, and server/src/service/network/AdvancedMatcher.ts synchronously evaluates it against an attacker-controlled HTTP response body on the Node.js main event loop without a timeout or worker isolation, allowing catastrophic backtracking to freeze API endpoints, monitor checks, and WebSocket connections for all users. This issue is fixed in version 3.9.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 18:06 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
bluewave-labs Checkmate Affected: >= 3.5.1, < 3.9.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-70493 (GCVE-0-2026-70493)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-04 20:56 – Updated: 2026-08-05 14:28
VLAI
Title
Open WebUI: Any authenticated user can stall a worker via a knowledge-search pattern that backtracks catastrophically
Summary
Open WebUI is an extensible, feature-rich, and user-friendly self-hosted AI platform. From 0.9.6 until 0.11.0, the built-in knowledge search path in backend/open_webui/tools/knowledge_fs.py and backend/open_webui/tools/builtin.py let a chat participant choose a pattern used to grep knowledge files. Patterns containing regex metacharacters were compiled with Python's backtracking re engine and run against every line of every reachable file with no time limit, so a crafted pattern such as (x|x)*y and one matching uploaded file line can pin one CPU core and block the event loop. This causes availability impact for every other user of the affected worker. This issue is fixed in 0.11.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-05 13:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
open-webui open-webui Affected: >= 0.9.6, < 0.11.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-70489 (GCVE-0-2026-70489)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-04 20:42 – Updated: 2026-08-05 13:57
VLAI
Title
Open WebUI: Instance-wide stall via automation recurrence rules that force multi-second parsing
Summary
Open WebUI is an extensible, feature-rich, and user-friendly self-hosted AI platform. From 0.9.0 until 0.11.0, automation recurrence parsing in backend/open_webui/utils/automations.py anchored minutely and hourly rules at a fixed date of 2000-01-01 and then walked forward one interval at a time to find the next run. A single FREQ=MINUTELY rule enumerates roughly a quarter-century of occurrences synchronously on the event loop that also serves scheduler, HTTP, and WebSocket traffic, and the scheduler recomputes the next run for every claimed row on each poll. This causes availability impact for every other user of the instance. This issue is fixed in 0.11.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-05 13:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
open-webui open-webui Affected: >= 0.9.0, < 0.11.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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          "url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/security/advisories/GHSA-73cq-mcgh-379c"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/commit/c4ae8c86786fed521960466f6d8eef8af22c2946",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/commit/c4ae8c86786fed521960466f6d8eef8af22c2946"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/releases/tag/v0.11.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/releases/tag/v0.11.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-73cq-mcgh-379c",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Open WebUI: Instance-wide stall via automation recurrence rules that force multi-second parsing"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-70489",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-04T20:42:31.752Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-04T15:24:41.340Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T13:57:00.020Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.

Mitigation
Implementation

Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.