Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1333

Allowed

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.

724 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-J828-28RJ-HFHP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-28 17:50 – Updated: 2025-05-28 17:50
VLAI
Summary
vLLM vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service
Details

Summary

A recent review identified several regular expressions in the vllm codebase that are susceptible to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attacks. These patterns, if fed with crafted or malicious input, may cause severe performance degradation due to catastrophic backtracking.

1. vllm/lora/utils.py Line 173

https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/vllm/lora/utils.py#L173 Risk Description: - The regex r"\((.*?)\)\$?$" matches content inside parentheses. If input such as ((((a|)+)+)+) is passed in, it can cause catastrophic backtracking, leading to a ReDoS vulnerability. - Using .*? (non-greedy match) inside group parentheses can be highly sensitive to input length and nesting complexity.

Remediation Suggestions: - Limit the input string length. - Use a non-recursive matching approach, or write a regex with stricter content constraints. - Consider using possessive quantifiers or atomic groups (not supported in Python yet), or split and process before regex matching.

2. vllm/entrypoints/openai/tool_parsers/phi4mini_tool_parser.py Line 52

https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/vllm/entrypoints/openai/tool_parsers/phi4mini_tool_parser.py#L52

Risk Description: - The regex r'functools\[(.*?)\]' uses .*? to match content inside brackets, together with re.DOTALL. If the input contains a large number of nested or crafted brackets, it can cause backtracking and ReDoS.

Remediation Suggestions: - Limit the length of model_output. - Use a stricter, non-greedy pattern (avoid matching across extraneous nesting). - Prefer re.finditer() and enforce a length constraint on each match.

3. vllm/entrypoints/openai/serving_chat.py Line 351

https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/vllm/entrypoints/openai/serving_chat.py#L351

Risk Description: - The regex r'.*"parameters":\s*(.*)' can trigger backtracking if current_text is very long and contains repeated structures. - Especially when processing strings from unknown sources, .* matching any content is high risk.

Remediation Suggestions: - Use a more specific pattern (e.g., via JSON parsing). - Impose limits on current_text length. - Avoid using .* to capture large blocks of text; prefer structured parsing when possible.

4. benchmarks/benchmark_serving_structured_output.py Line 650

https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/benchmarks/benchmark_serving_structured_output.py#L650

Risk Description: - The regex r'\{.*\}' is used to extract JSON inside curly braces. If the actual string is very long with unbalanced braces, it can cause backtracking, leading to a ReDoS vulnerability. - Although this is used for benchmark correctness checking, it should still handle abnormal inputs carefully.

Remediation Suggestions: - Limit the length of actual. - Prefer stepwise search for { and } or use a robust JSON extraction tool. - Recommend first locating the range with simple string search, then applying regex.

Fix

  • https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/18454
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "vllm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.6.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.9.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-28T17:50:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA recent review identified several regular expressions in the vllm codebase that are susceptible to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attacks. These patterns, if fed with crafted or malicious input, may cause severe performance degradation due to catastrophic backtracking.\n\n#### 1. vllm/lora/utils.py [Line 173](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/vllm/lora/utils.py#L173)\n\nhttps://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/vllm/lora/utils.py#L173\n**Risk Description:**\n- The regex `r\"\\((.*?)\\)\\$?$\"` matches content inside parentheses. If input such as `((((a|)+)+)+)` is passed in, it can cause catastrophic backtracking, leading to a ReDoS vulnerability.\n- Using `.*?` (non-greedy match) inside group parentheses can be highly sensitive to input length and nesting complexity.\n\n**Remediation Suggestions:**\n- Limit the input string length.\n- Use a non-recursive matching approach, or write a regex with stricter content constraints.\n- Consider using possessive quantifiers or atomic groups (not supported in Python yet), or split and process before regex matching.\n\n---\n\n#### 2. vllm/entrypoints/openai/tool_parsers/phi4mini_tool_parser.py [Line 52](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/vllm/entrypoints/openai/tool_parsers/phi4mini_tool_parser.py#L52)\n\nhttps://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/vllm/entrypoints/openai/tool_parsers/phi4mini_tool_parser.py#L52\n\n**Risk Description:**\n- The regex `r\u0027functools\\[(.*?)\\]\u0027` uses `.*?` to match content inside brackets, together with `re.DOTALL`. If the input contains a large number of nested or crafted brackets, it can cause backtracking and ReDoS.\n\n**Remediation Suggestions:**\n- Limit the length of `model_output`.\n- Use a stricter, non-greedy pattern (avoid matching across extraneous nesting).\n- Prefer `re.finditer()` and enforce a length constraint on each match.\n\n---\n\n#### 3. vllm/entrypoints/openai/serving_chat.py [Line 351](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/vllm/entrypoints/openai/serving_chat.py#L351)\n\nhttps://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/vllm/entrypoints/openai/serving_chat.py#L351\n\n**Risk Description:**\n- The regex `r\u0027.*\"parameters\":\\s*(.*)\u0027` can trigger backtracking if `current_text` is very long and contains repeated structures.\n- Especially when processing strings from unknown sources, `.*` matching any content is high risk.\n\n**Remediation Suggestions:**\n- Use a more specific pattern (e.g., via JSON parsing).\n- Impose limits on `current_text` length.\n- Avoid using `.*` to capture large blocks of text; prefer structured parsing when possible.\n\n---\n\n#### 4. benchmarks/benchmark_serving_structured_output.py [Line 650](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/benchmarks/benchmark_serving_structured_output.py#L650)\n\nhttps://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/2858830c39da0ae153bc1328dbba7680f5fbebe1/benchmarks/benchmark_serving_structured_output.py#L650\n\n**Risk Description:**\n- The regex `r\u0027\\{.*\\}\u0027` is used to extract JSON inside curly braces. If the `actual` string is very long with unbalanced braces, it can cause backtracking, leading to a ReDoS vulnerability.\n- Although this is used for benchmark correctness checking, it should still handle abnormal inputs carefully.\n\n**Remediation Suggestions:**\n- Limit the length of `actual`.\n- Prefer stepwise search for `{` and `}` or use a robust JSON extraction tool.\n- Recommend first locating the range with simple string search, then applying regex.\n\n### Fix\n\n* https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/18454\n\n---",
  "id": "GHSA-j828-28rj-hfhp",
  "modified": "2025-05-28T17:50:06Z",
  "published": "2025-05-28T17:50:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-j828-28rj-hfhp"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/18454"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/4fc1bf813ad80172c1db31264beaef7d93fe0601"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "vLLM vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service"
}

GHSA-J8X9-QC9M-RMHJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in lunary-ai/lunary, as of commit be54057, allows users to upload and execute arbitrary regular expressions on the server side. This can lead to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition, as certain regular expressions can cause excessive resource consumption, blocking the server from processing other requests.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-8764"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-285"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in lunary-ai/lunary, as of commit be54057, allows users to upload and execute arbitrary regular expressions on the server side. This can lead to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition, as certain regular expressions can cause excessive resource consumption, blocking the server from processing other requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-j8x9-qc9m-rmhj",
  "modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:48Z",
  "published": "2025-03-20T12:32:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8764"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lunary-ai/lunary/commit/7ff89b0304d191534b924cf063f3648206d497fa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/088c04a1-d23a-47f2-9d7c-b84d7332868d"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J8XG-FQG3-53R7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-22 06:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 19:00
VLAI
Summary
word-wrap vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service
Details

All versions of the package word-wrap are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) due to the usage of an insecure regular expression within the result variable.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "word-wrap"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-26115"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-23T21:36:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-22T05:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "All versions of the package word-wrap are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) due to the usage of an insecure regular expression within the result variable.",
  "id": "GHSA-j8xg-fqg3-53r7",
  "modified": "2025-02-13T19:00:43Z",
  "published": "2023-06-22T06:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26115"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jonschlinkert/word-wrap/commit/420dce9a2412b21881202b73a3c34f0edc53cb2e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jonschlinkert/word-wrap"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jonschlinkert/word-wrap/blob/master/index.js#L39"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jonschlinkert/word-wrap/blob/master/index.js%23L39"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jonschlinkert/word-wrap/releases/tag/1.2.4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSNPM-4058657"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-WORDWRAP-3149973"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "word-wrap vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service"
}

GHSA-J9M2-H2PV-WVPH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-03 00:00 – Updated: 2024-11-12 14:55
VLAI
Summary
Regular expression denial of service in jquery-validation
Details

An exponential ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) can be triggered in the jquery-validation npm package, when an attacker is able to supply arbitrary input to the url2 method

Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "jquery-validation"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.19.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43306"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-03T22:26:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-02T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "An exponential ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) can be triggered in the jquery-validation npm package, when an attacker is able to supply arbitrary input to the url2 method",
  "id": "GHSA-j9m2-h2pv-wvph",
  "modified": "2024-11-12T14:55:23Z",
  "published": "2022-06-03T00:00:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43306"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jquery-validation/jquery-validation/pull/2428"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jquery-validation/jquery-validation/commit/69cb17ed774b427f7e2ffcdf197968231725c30e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jquery-validation/jquery-validation"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/jquery-validation-redos-xray-211348"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Regular expression denial of service in jquery-validation"
}

GHSA-JC97-H3H9-7XH6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-03 17:18 – Updated: 2023-04-03 17:18
VLAI
Summary
Regular Expression Denial of Service in Deno.upgradeWebSocket API
Details

Impact

Versions of the package deno before 1.31.0 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) due to the upgradeWebSocket function, which contains regexes in the form of /s,s/, used for splitting the Connection/Upgrade header. A specially crafted Connection/Upgrade header can be used to significantly slow down a web socket server.

Patches

It is recommended that users upgrade to Deno 1.31.0.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "deno"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.12.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.31.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-26103"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-03T17:18:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nVersions of the package deno before 1.31.0 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) due to the upgradeWebSocket function, which contains regexes in the form of /s*,s*/, used for splitting the Connection/Upgrade header. A specially crafted Connection/Upgrade header can be used to significantly slow down a web socket server. \n\n### Patches\nIt is recommended that users upgrade to Deno 1.31.0.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-jc97-h3h9-7xh6",
  "modified": "2023-04-03T17:18:51Z",
  "published": "2023-04-03T17:18:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/security/advisories/GHSA-jc97-h3h9-7xh6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26103"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/pull/17722"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/commit/cf06a7c7e672880e1b38598fe445e2c50b4a9d06"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/blob/2b247be517d789a37e532849e2e40b724af0918f/ext/http/01_http.js#L395-L409"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/releases/tag/v1.31.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-RUST-DENO-3315970"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Regular Expression Denial of Service in Deno.upgradeWebSocket API"
}

GHSA-JCPV-G9RR-QXRC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-07-31 22:52 – Updated: 2021-09-14 19:39
VLAI
Summary
Regular Expression Denial of Service in hawk
Details

Versions of hawk prior to 3.1.3, or 4.x prior to 4.1.1 are affected by a regular expression denial of service vulnerability related to excessively long headers and URI's.

Recommendation

Update to hawk version 4.1.1 or later.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "hawk"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "hawk"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-2515"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:43:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Versions of `hawk` prior to 3.1.3, or 4.x prior to 4.1.1 are affected by a regular expression denial of service vulnerability related to excessively long headers and URI\u0027s.\n\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to hawk version 4.1.1 or later.",
  "id": "GHSA-jcpv-g9rr-qxrc",
  "modified": "2021-09-14T19:39:20Z",
  "published": "2018-07-31T22:52:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2515"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hueniverse/hawk/issues/168"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hueniverse/hawk/commit/0833f99ba64558525995a7e21d4093da1f3e15fa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1309721"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jcpv-g9rr-qxrc"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hueniverse/hawk"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/77"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/02/20/1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/02/20/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Regular Expression Denial of Service in hawk"
}

GHSA-JFM2-HQ55-PXGQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32
VLAI
Details

Lunary-ai/lunary version git 105a3f6 is vulnerable to a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack. The application allows users to upload their own regular expressions, which are then executed on the server side. Certain regular expressions can have exponential runtime complexity relative to the input size, leading to potential denial of service. An attacker can exploit this by submitting a specially crafted regular expression, causing the server to become unresponsive for an arbitrary length of time.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-8789"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:44Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Lunary-ai/lunary version git 105a3f6 is vulnerable to a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack. The application allows users to upload their own regular expressions, which are then executed on the server side. Certain regular expressions can have exponential runtime complexity relative to the input size, leading to potential denial of service. An attacker can exploit this by submitting a specially crafted regular expression, causing the server to become unresponsive for an arbitrary length of time.",
  "id": "GHSA-jfm2-hq55-pxgq",
  "modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:49Z",
  "published": "2025-03-20T12:32:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8789"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lunary-ai/lunary/commit/7ff89b0304d191534b924cf063f3648206d497fa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/e32f5f0d-bd46-4268-b6b1-619e07c6fda3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JG4P-7FHP-P32P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-04 04:23 – Updated: 2026-04-24 13:43
VLAI
Summary
@hapi/content: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in HTTP header parsing
Details

All versions of @hapi/content through 6.0.0 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via crafted HTTP header values. Three regular expressions used to parse Content-Type and Content-Disposition headers contain patterns susceptible to catastrophic backtracking. This has been fixed in v6.0.1.

Impact

Denial of Service. An unauthenticated remote attacker can cause a Node.js process to become unresponsive by sending a single HTTP request with a maliciously crafted header value.

Patches

Fixed by tightening all three regular expressions to eliminate backtracking.

Workarounds

There are no known workarounds. Upgrade to the patched version.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@hapi/content"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35213"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-04T04:23:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T21:16:20Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "All versions of `@hapi/content` through 6.0.0 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via crafted HTTP header values. Three regular expressions used to parse `Content-Type` and `Content-Disposition` headers contain patterns susceptible to catastrophic backtracking. This has been fixed in v6.0.1.\n\n### Impact\n\nDenial of Service. An unauthenticated remote attacker can cause a Node.js process to become unresponsive by sending a single HTTP request with a maliciously crafted header value.\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed by tightening all three regular expressions to eliminate backtracking.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no known workarounds. Upgrade to the patched version.",
  "id": "GHSA-jg4p-7fhp-p32p",
  "modified": "2026-04-24T13:43:15Z",
  "published": "2026-04-04T04:23:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hapijs/content/security/advisories/GHSA-jg4p-7fhp-p32p"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35213"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hapijs/content/pull/38"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hapijs/content"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "@hapi/content: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in HTTP header parsing"
}

GHSA-JH3W-4VVF-MJGR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-03 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 19:38
VLAI
Summary
Django has regular expression denial of service vulnerability in EmailValidator/URLValidator
Details

In Django 3.2 before 3.2.20, 4 before 4.1.10, and 4.2 before 4.2.3, EmailValidator and URLValidator are subject to a potential ReDoS (regular expression denial of service) attack via a very large number of domain name labels of emails and URLs.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Django"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.2a1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.20"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Django"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0a1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Django"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2a1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-36053"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-05T22:45:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-03T13:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Django 3.2 before 3.2.20, 4 before 4.1.10, and 4.2 before 4.2.3, `EmailValidator` and `URLValidator` are subject to a potential ReDoS (regular expression denial of service) attack via a very large number of domain name labels of emails and URLs.",
  "id": "GHSA-jh3w-4vvf-mjgr",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T19:38:50Z",
  "published": "2023-07-03T15:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36053"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/454f2fb93437f98917283336201b4048293f7582"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/ad0410ec4f458aa39803e5f6b9a3736527062dcd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/b7c5feb35a31799de6e582ad6a5a91a9de74e0f9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/beb3f3d55940d9aa7198bf9d424ab74e873aec3d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2023/jul/03/security-releases"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5465"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZQJOMNRMVPCN5WMIZ7YSX5LQ7IR2NY4D"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XG5DYKPNDCEHJQ3TKPJQO7QGSR4FAYMS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NRDGTUN4LTI6HG4TWR3JYLSFVXPZT42A"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZQJOMNRMVPCN5WMIZ7YSX5LQ7IR2NY4D"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XG5DYKPNDCEHJQ3TKPJQO7QGSR4FAYMS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NRDGTUN4LTI6HG4TWR3JYLSFVXPZT42A"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#%21forum/django-announce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/django-announce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/django/PYSEC-2023-100.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/releases/security"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Django has regular expression denial of service vulnerability in EmailValidator/URLValidator"
}

GHSA-JJ5C-HHRG-VV5H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-08 18:33 – Updated: 2024-10-09 17:01
VLAI
Summary
xhtml2pdf Denial of Service via crafted string
Details

An issue in the getcolor function in utils.py of xhtml2pdf v0.2.13 allows attackers to cause a Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDOS) via supplying a crafted string.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "xhtml2pdf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.2.16"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-25885"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-09T17:01:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-08T18:15:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue in the getcolor function in utils.py of xhtml2pdf v0.2.13 allows attackers to cause a Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDOS) via supplying a crafted string.",
  "id": "GHSA-jj5c-hhrg-vv5h",
  "modified": "2024-10-09T17:01:36Z",
  "published": "2024-10-08T18:33:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25885"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/salvatore-abello/c88dd0027496774023ef36c7b576d206"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/xhtml2pdf/xhtml2pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "xhtml2pdf Denial of Service via crafted string"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.

Mitigation
Implementation

Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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