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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1336

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.

436 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-34HW-4CQQ-QH3W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-17 03:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 03:30
VLAI
Details

An input neutralization vulnerability in the Webhook Template component of Crafty Controller allows a remote, authenticated attacker to perform remote code execution via Server Side Template Injection.

Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14700"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-17T01:15:59Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An input neutralization vulnerability in the Webhook Template component of Crafty Controller allows a remote, authenticated attacker to perform remote code execution via Server Side Template Injection.",
  "id": "GHSA-34hw-4cqq-qh3w",
  "modified": "2025-12-17T03:30:13Z",
  "published": "2025-12-17T03:30:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14700"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/crafty-controller/crafty-4/-/issues/646"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3575-W9FC-C2J6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-03 18:20 – Updated: 2026-09-03 18:20
VLAI
Summary
Orval: Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal
Details

Summary

Orval's zod schema generation emits the enum-typed default value as a module-level template literal (export const …Default =;) without escaping ${ or the backtick. A default of the form v${<code>}w injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import — no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation.

Details

export const …Default = `v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w`;   // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import

Malicious input: an enum-typed property with a default of v${<attacker JS>}w. ${...} permits any JS expression.

Note: this is one of several default-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod template-literal sink; a single fix (escape default values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose to consolidate the related reports.

PoC

reproduce.sh (+ make_spec.py) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0.

Impact

Code execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.

Suggested fix

Emit default values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and ${ if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to every default position.

Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "orval"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.21.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-71868"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94",
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-03T18:20:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-19T18:17:24Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nOrval\u0027s zod schema generation emits the **enum-typed** `default` value as a module-level template literal (`export const \u2026Default = `\u003cdefault\u003e`;`) without escaping `${` or the backtick. A default of the form `v${\u003ccode\u003e}w` injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import \u2014 no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation.\n\n### Details\n\n```ts\nexport const \u2026Default = `v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w`;   // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import\n```\n\nMalicious input: an enum-typed property with a `default` of `v${\u003cattacker JS\u003e}w`. `${...}` permits any JS expression.\n\nNote: this is one of several `default`-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod template-literal sink; a single fix (escape `default` values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose to consolidate the related reports.\n\n### PoC\n\n`reproduce.sh` (+ `make_spec.py`) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0.\n\n### Impact\n\nCode execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.\n\n### Suggested fix\n\nEmit `default` values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and `${` if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to every `default` position.",
  "id": "GHSA-3575-w9fc-c2j6",
  "modified": "2026-09-03T18:20:55Z",
  "published": "2026-09-03T18:20:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-3575-w9fc-c2j6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-71868"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bfdf3f9bcaf9dabfbe2e42887f1c0e159ab6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v8.21.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Orval: Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -\u003e zod module-level template literal"
}

GHSA-35JP-8CGG-P4WJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-08 14:50 – Updated: 2024-08-08 17:00
VLAI
Summary
Shopware vulnerable to Server Side Template Injection in Twig using Context functions
Details

Impact

The context variable is injected into almost any Twig Template and allows to access to current language, currency information. The context object allows also to switch for a short time the scope of the Context as a helper with a callable function.

Example call from PHP:

$context->scope(Context::SYSTEM_SCOPE, static function (Context $context) use ($mediaService, $media, &$fileBlob): void {
    $fileBlob = $mediaService->loadFile($media->getId(), $context);
});

This function can be called also from Twig and as the second parameter allows any callable, it's possible to call from Twig any statically callable PHP function/method.

It's not possible as customer to provide any Twig code, the attacker would require access to Administration to exploit it using Mail templates or using App Scripts.

Patches

Update to Shopware 6.6.5.1 or 6.5.8.13

Workarounds

For older versions of 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 corresponding security measures are also available via a plugin. For the full range of functions, we recommend updating to the latest Shopware version.

Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.5.8.12"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "shopware/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.5.8.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.5.8.12"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "shopware/platform"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.5.8.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.6.5.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "shopware/platform"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.6.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.6.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.6.5.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "shopware/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.6.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.6.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-42356"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-08T14:50:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-08T15:15:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe `context` variable is injected into almost any Twig Template and allows to access to current language, currency information. The context object allows also to switch for a short time the scope of the Context as a helper with a callable function. \n\nExample call from PHP:\n\n```php\n$context-\u003escope(Context::SYSTEM_SCOPE, static function (Context $context) use ($mediaService, $media, \u0026$fileBlob): void {\n    $fileBlob = $mediaService-\u003eloadFile($media-\u003egetId(), $context);\n});\n```\n\nThis function can be called also from Twig and as the second parameter allows any callable, it\u0027s possible to call from Twig any statically callable PHP function/method.\n\nIt\u0027s not possible as customer to provide any Twig code, the attacker would require access to Administration to exploit it using Mail templates or using App Scripts.\n\n### Patches\nUpdate to Shopware 6.6.5.1 or 6.5.8.13\n\n### Workarounds\nFor older versions of 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 corresponding security measures are also available via a plugin. For the full range of functions, we recommend updating to the latest Shopware version.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-35jp-8cgg-p4wj",
  "modified": "2024-08-08T17:00:22Z",
  "published": "2024-08-08T14:50:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/security/advisories/GHSA-35jp-8cgg-p4wj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42356"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/core/commit/04183e0c02af3b404eb7d52c683734bfe0595038"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/core/commit/a784aa1cec0624e36e0ee4d41aeebaed40e0442f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/commit/8504ba7e56e53add6a1d5b9d45015e3d899cd0ac"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/commit/e43423bcc93c618c3036f94c12aa29514da8cf2e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Shopware vulnerable to Server Side Template Injection in Twig using Context functions"
}

GHSA-3625-697M-Q29V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 03:32 – Updated: 2026-08-25 03:32
VLAI
Details

The Grav Email plugin (getgrav/grav-plugin-email) before 4.2.2 renders page-editor-controlled Email action parameters as unsandboxed Twig templates. An authenticated remote user with only api.access and api.pages.write permissions can place a Twig expression in header.form.process.email.body, publish the page, and submit the form to execute an arbitrary operating-system command as the account running PHP.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-75574"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T02:16:51Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Grav Email plugin (getgrav/grav-plugin-email) before 4.2.2 renders page-editor-controlled Email action parameters as unsandboxed Twig templates. An authenticated remote user with only api.access and api.pages.write permissions can place a Twig expression in header.form.process.email.body, publish the page, and submit the form to execute an arbitrary operating-system command as the account running PHP.",
  "id": "GHSA-3625-697m-q29v",
  "modified": "2026-08-25T03:32:10Z",
  "published": "2026-08-25T03:32:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-gh8j-q67c-j53f"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-75574"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-before-remote-code-execution-via-email-twig"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-366H-GRHQ-R9JR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:01
VLAI
Details

On F5 Traffix SDC 5.2.x versions prior to 5.2.2 and 5.1.x versions prior to 5.1.35, a stored Cross-Site Template Injection vulnerability exists in an undisclosed page of the Traffix SDC Configuration utility that allows an attacker to execute template language-specific instructions in the context of the server. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated

Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-27662"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-05T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "On F5 Traffix SDC 5.2.x versions prior to 5.2.2 and 5.1.x versions prior to 5.1.35, a stored Cross-Site Template Injection vulnerability exists in an undisclosed page of the Traffix SDC Configuration utility that allows an attacker to execute template language-specific instructions in the context of the server. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated",
  "id": "GHSA-366h-grhq-r9jr",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:01:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-06T00:00:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27662"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K24248011"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-36QQ-9V26-CRFG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-15 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-16 18:31
VLAI
Details

An SSTI (Server-Side Template Injection) vulnerability exists in the get_address_display method of Frappe ERPNext through 15.89.0. This function renders address templates using frappe.render_template() with a context derived from the address_dict parameter, which can be either a dictionary or a string referencing an Address document. Although ERPNext uses a custom Jinja2 SandboxedEnvironment, dangerous functions like frappe.db.sql remain accessible via get_safe_globals(). An authenticated attacker with permission to create or modify an Address Template can inject arbitrary Jinja expressions into the template field. By creating an Address document with a matching country, and then calling the get_address_display API with address_dict="address_name", the system will render the malicious template using attacker-controlled data. This leads to server-side code execution or database information disclosure.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66437"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-15T18:15:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An SSTI (Server-Side Template Injection) vulnerability exists in the get_address_display method of Frappe ERPNext through 15.89.0. This function renders address templates using frappe.render_template() with a context derived from the address_dict parameter, which can be either a dictionary or a string referencing an Address document. Although ERPNext uses a custom Jinja2 SandboxedEnvironment, dangerous functions like frappe.db.sql remain accessible via get_safe_globals(). An authenticated attacker with permission to create or modify an Address Template can inject arbitrary Jinja expressions into the template field. By creating an Address document with a matching country, and then calling the get_address_display API with address_dict=\"address_name\", the system will render the malicious template using attacker-controlled data. This leads to server-side code execution or database information disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-36qq-9v26-crfg",
  "modified": "2025-12-16T18:31:31Z",
  "published": "2025-12-15T18:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66437"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://iamanc.github.io/post/erpnext-ssti-bug-4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.notion.so/SSTI-bug-4-239e6086eadc80aa9331fba874c674a5?source=copy_link"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-36VW-4J29-FG6F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-19 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-09 12:32
VLAI
Details

An Angular template injection vulnerability was discovered in the Reports functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with report privileges can define a malicious report containing an Angular template payload, or a victim can be socially engineered to import a malicious report template. When the victim views or imports the report, the Angular template executes in their browser context, allowing the attacker to modify application data, or disrupt application availability. Full XSS exploitation and direct information disclosure are prevented by the existing input validation and Content Security Policy configuration.

Severity
4.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-40900"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-19T14:16:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An Angular template injection vulnerability was discovered in the Reports functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with report privileges can define a malicious report containing an Angular template payload, or a victim can be socially engineered to import a malicious report template. When the victim views or imports the report, the Angular template executes in their browser context, allowing the attacker to modify application data, or disrupt application availability. Full XSS exploitation and direct information disclosure are prevented by the existing input validation and Content Security Policy configuration.",
  "id": "GHSA-36vw-4j29-fg6f",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T12:32:01Z",
  "published": "2026-05-19T15:31:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40900"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-827968.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.nozominetworks.com/NN-2026:3-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-374C-2PVV-FXF5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-10 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-17 21:30
VLAI
Details

A template injection vulnerability in the /vip/v1/file/save component of ChanCMS v3.3.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted POST request.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-65602"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-10T20:16:21Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A template injection vulnerability in the /vip/v1/file/save component of ChanCMS v3.3.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted POST request.",
  "id": "GHSA-374c-2pvv-fxf5",
  "modified": "2025-12-17T21:30:41Z",
  "published": "2025-12-10T21:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65602"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitee.com/chancms/ChanCMS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.notion.so/ChanCMS-Unauthenticated-RCE-2a3ee9235ba380fc9973e16c06258689"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.notion.so/ChanCMS-Unauthenticated-RCE-2a3ee9235ba380fc9973e16c06258689?source=copy_link"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-37Q3-XF78-2773

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-09 03:30 – Updated: 2026-09-09 03:30
VLAI
Details

Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Comply.

Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-87021"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-09T03:17:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Comply.",
  "id": "GHSA-37q3-xf78-2773",
  "modified": "2026-09-09T03:30:46Z",
  "published": "2026-09-09T03:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-87021"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.tanium.com/TAN-2026-040"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-386Q-5HP3-95M9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-28 21:48 – Updated: 2026-07-28 21:48
VLAI
Summary
`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code injection in via attacker-controlled `default_factory` schema field
Details

Summary

datamodel-code-generator is vulnerable to code injection when generating Python models from an attacker-controlled JSON Schema, OpenAPI, YAML, JSON, Avro, Protobuf, or XSD schema. When a property carries a "default_factory" key, its value is interpolated verbatim — as a raw Python expression — into the generated Field(default_factory=...) / field(default_factory=...) call. Because this assignment is evaluated at class-definition time (i.e. on import of the generated module), an attacker who controls the schema controls a Python expression that runs in the consumer's process. No special CLI flags are required.

Details

The vulnerable chain spans the JSON-Schema-shaped parser and three sink locations (Pydantic v2, dataclass, msgspec):

Source — schema → extras:

  • src/datamodel_code_generator/parser/jsonschema.py:600-614 — DEFAULT_FIELD_KEYS includes the literal string "default_factory".
  • src/datamodel_code_generator/parser/jsonschema.py:457-459 — JsonSchemaObject.__init__ stores any non-standard key (including default_factory) in self.extras.
  • src/datamodel_code_generator/parser/jsonschema.py:797-812 — get_field_extras preserves default_factory through to the field model.

Sinks — extras → generated Python expression:

  1. src/datamodel_code_generator/model/pydantic_base.py:222-249:

python default_factory = data.pop("default_factory", None) ... if default_factory is not None: field_arguments = [f"default_factory={default_factory}", *field_arguments]

The default_factory value is interpolated raw (no repr(), no validation).

  1. src/datamodel_code_generator/model/dataclass.py:211:

python f"{k}={v if k == 'default_factory' else repr(v)}"

Explicit special-case to skip repr() for default_factory.

  1. src/datamodel_code_generator/model/msgspec.py:361 — same pattern as dataclass.

Because default_factory is in DEFAULT_FIELD_KEYS, no special CLI flag is needed to reach the sink. Any input format that uses the JSON-Schema-shaped parser (jsonschema, openapi, yaml, json, dict, csv) — and any input format that converts to it (avro, protobuf, xmlschema) — is in scope.

Confirmed PoC matrix

Input file type Output model type Result
jsonschema pydantic_v2.BaseModel RCE on import
jsonschema dataclasses.dataclass RCE on import
jsonschema msgspec.Struct RCE on import
jsonschema typing.TypedDict safe (TypedDict doesn't render field(); default_factory silently dropped)
openapi pydantic_v2.BaseModel RCE on import

Other JSON-Schema-shaped inputs (yaml, json, dict, csv, avro, protobuf, xmlschema) follow the same code path and are expected to reproduce.

PoC

Self contained Proof of Concept is available at my secret gist: https://gist.github.com/thegr1ffyn/9648b0fe4fcf7d569ac8e61dd11eebaf

Impact

  • Who's affected: any developer or CI pipeline that runs datamodel-codegen against a schema they didn't author themselves — third-party API specs, schemas pulled from a registry, vendored upstream .json / .yaml / .avsc / .proto / .xsd files, schemas fetched from a remote URL or introspection endpoint — and who imports the generated .py.
  • What it gains: arbitrary Python code execution in the importer's process at import time. The PoC copies /etc/passwd to a tmp file to demonstrate arbitrary read; the same primitive supports any operation the importing process can perform (filesystem write, environment exfiltration, secondary network calls, RCE on CI runners).
  • What it does NOT need: no special CLI flags, no custom templates, no --extra-template-data, no --use-schema-description. Default invocation against a malicious schema is sufficient.
  • What does block it: choosing --output-model-type typing.TypedDict (which doesn't render field() / Field() calls). All other supported output model types are vulnerable.

Resolution

The fix validates schema-provided default_factory values while extracting JSON Schema field extras. Only the supported factory names dict, list, and set are accepted; any other value now raises a generator error before code generation. Generator-created default factories for supported mutable defaults and optional nested models continue to use the existing code paths.

Remediation

Upgrade to datamodel-code-generator 0.60.2 or later.

This issue affects datamodel-code-generator versions >= 0.17.0, <= 0.60.1 and is fixed in 0.60.2.

Submitted by: Hamza Haroon (thegr1ffyn)

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.60.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "datamodel-code-generator"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.17.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.60.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54653"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-28T21:48:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\n`datamodel-code-generator` is vulnerable to code injection when generating Python models from an attacker-controlled JSON Schema, OpenAPI, YAML, JSON, Avro, Protobuf, or XSD schema. When a property carries a `\"default_factory\"` key, its value is interpolated verbatim \u2014 as a raw Python expression \u2014 into the generated `Field(default_factory=...)` / `field(default_factory=...)` call. Because this assignment is evaluated at class-definition time (i.e. on `import` of the generated module), an attacker who controls the schema controls a Python expression that runs in the consumer\u0027s process. No special CLI flags are required.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerable chain spans the JSON-Schema-shaped parser and three sink locations (Pydantic v2, dataclass, msgspec):\n\n**Source \u2014 schema \u2192 `extras`**:\n\n- `src/datamodel_code_generator/parser/jsonschema.py:600-614` \u2014 `DEFAULT_FIELD_KEYS` includes the literal string `\"default_factory\"`.\n- `src/datamodel_code_generator/parser/jsonschema.py:457-459` \u2014 `JsonSchemaObject.__init__` stores any non-standard key (including `default_factory`) in `self.extras`.\n- `src/datamodel_code_generator/parser/jsonschema.py:797-812` \u2014 `get_field_extras` preserves `default_factory` through to the field model.\n\n**Sinks \u2014 `extras` \u2192 generated Python expression**:\n\n1. `src/datamodel_code_generator/model/pydantic_base.py:222-249`:\n\n   ```python\n   default_factory = data.pop(\"default_factory\", None)\n   ...\n   if default_factory is not None:\n       field_arguments = [f\"default_factory={default_factory}\", *field_arguments]\n   ```\n\n   The `default_factory` value is interpolated raw (no `repr()`, no validation).\n\n2. `src/datamodel_code_generator/model/dataclass.py:211`:\n\n   ```python\n   f\"{k}={v if k == \u0027default_factory\u0027 else repr(v)}\"\n   ```\n\n   Explicit special-case to skip `repr()` for `default_factory`.\n\n3. `src/datamodel_code_generator/model/msgspec.py:361` \u2014 same pattern as dataclass.\n\nBecause `default_factory` is in `DEFAULT_FIELD_KEYS`, no special CLI flag is needed to reach the sink. Any input format that uses the JSON-Schema-shaped parser (`jsonschema`, `openapi`, `yaml`, `json`, `dict`, `csv`) \u2014 and any input format that converts to it (`avro`, `protobuf`, `xmlschema`) \u2014 is in scope.\n\n### Confirmed PoC matrix\n\n| Input file type | Output model type | Result |\n|---|---|---|\n| `jsonschema` | `pydantic_v2.BaseModel` | RCE on import |\n| `jsonschema` | `dataclasses.dataclass` | RCE on import |\n| `jsonschema` | `msgspec.Struct` | RCE on import |\n| `jsonschema` | `typing.TypedDict` | safe (TypedDict doesn\u0027t render `field()`; `default_factory` silently dropped) |\n| `openapi`    | `pydantic_v2.BaseModel` | RCE on import |\n\nOther JSON-Schema-shaped inputs (`yaml`, `json`, `dict`, `csv`, `avro`, `protobuf`, `xmlschema`) follow the same code path and are expected to reproduce.\n\n### PoC\nSelf contained Proof of Concept is available at my secret gist: https://gist.github.com/thegr1ffyn/9648b0fe4fcf7d569ac8e61dd11eebaf\n\n### Impact\n\n- **Who\u0027s affected**: any developer or CI pipeline that runs `datamodel-codegen` against a schema they didn\u0027t author themselves \u2014 third-party API specs, schemas pulled from a registry, vendored upstream `.json` / `.yaml` / `.avsc` / `.proto` / `.xsd` files, schemas fetched from a remote URL or introspection endpoint \u2014 *and* who imports the generated `.py`.\n- **What it gains**: arbitrary Python code execution in the importer\u0027s process at `import` time. The PoC copies `/etc/passwd` to a tmp file to demonstrate arbitrary read; the same primitive supports any operation the importing process can perform (filesystem write, environment exfiltration, secondary network calls, RCE on CI runners).\n- **What it does NOT need**: no special CLI flags, no custom templates, no `--extra-template-data`, no `--use-schema-description`. Default invocation against a malicious schema is sufficient.\n- **What does block it**: choosing `--output-model-type typing.TypedDict` (which doesn\u0027t render `field()` / `Field()` calls). All other supported output model types are vulnerable.\n\n### Resolution\n\nThe fix validates schema-provided `default_factory` values while extracting JSON Schema field extras. Only the supported factory names `dict`, `list`, and `set` are accepted; any other value now raises a generator error before code generation. Generator-created default factories for supported mutable defaults and optional nested models continue to use the existing code paths.\n\n### Remediation\n\nUpgrade to `datamodel-code-generator` `0.60.2` or later.\n\nThis issue affects `datamodel-code-generator` versions `\u003e= 0.17.0, \u003c= 0.60.1` and is fixed in `0.60.2`.\n\nSubmitted by: Hamza Haroon (thegr1ffyn)",
  "id": "GHSA-386q-5hp3-95m9",
  "modified": "2026-07-28T21:48:14Z",
  "published": "2026-07-28T21:48:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/koxudaxi/datamodel-code-generator/security/advisories/GHSA-386q-5hp3-95m9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/koxudaxi/datamodel-code-generator/commit/17fc235e234cbcfaaadef8c74cb72c9687db0d1d"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/koxudaxi/datamodel-code-generator"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/koxudaxi/datamodel-code-generator/releases/tag/0.60.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code injection in via attacker-controlled `default_factory` schema field"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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