Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1336
Weakness AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
In some cases, XSS-style attacks can work, which can obscure the root cause if the developer does not closely investigate the root cause of the error.
Template engines can be used on the server or client, so both "sides" could be affected by injection. The mechanisms of attack or the affected technologies might be different, but the mistake is fundamentally the same.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
The developer might choose a template engine that makes it easier for programmers to write vulnerable code.
Implementation
The programmer might not use engine's built-in sandboxes or other capabilities to escape or otherwise prevent template injection from untrusted input.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Relationship
Since expression languages are often used in templating languages, there may be some overlap with CWE-917 (Expression Language Injection). XSS (CWE-79) is also co-located with template injection.
Maintenance
The interrelationships and differences between CWE-917 and CWE-1336 need to be further clarified.
Content history
Submission: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-07-19
· CWE 4.5
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-06-28
· CWE 4.8
updated Maintenance_Notes, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-07-16
· CWE 4.15
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Background_Details, Common_Consequences, Description
510 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-123198 (GCVE-0-2026-123198)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 18:16 – Updated: 2026-11-05 20:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LMFDB before commit 01829bd Unauthenticated Server-Side Template Injection via /knowledge/render/<ID>
Summary
LMFDB before commit 01829bd contains a server-side template injection vulnerability in the render_knowl function that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject Jinja expressions via request parameters. Attackers can supply crafted query-string values or 'content' data to /knowledge/render/<ID> to reach Python builtins and execute operating system commands as the web application account.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 20:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/LMFDB/lmfdb/security/advisorie… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/LMFDB/lmfdb/pull/7231 | patchissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/LMFDB/lmfdb/commit/01829bd09b6… | patch |
| https://github.com/LMFDB/lmfdb/blob/c6e5bac205aa1… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/lmfdb-before… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-11-02 00:00
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CVE-2026-123020 (GCVE-0-2026-123020)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 12:45 – Updated: 2026-11-05 20:44 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
eosphoros-ai DB-GPT Jinja2 Template __init__.py FileBasedSkill.get_prompt special elements in template engine
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in eosphoros-ai DB-GPT up to 0.8.1. The affected element is the function FileBasedSkill.get_prompt of the file packages/dbgpt-core/src/dbgpt/agent/skill/claude_skill/__init__.py of the component Jinja2 Template Handler. The manipulation leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. Upgrading to version 0.8.2 is sufficient to fix this issue. The identifier of the patch is a9e7a3c026d114fcfb4ffe3eaf78851a636ded16. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 20:43 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/431394 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/431394/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-123020 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1033118 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/eosphoros-ai/DB-GPT/issues/3291 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/eosphoros-ai/DB-GPT/pull/3111 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/ybyu-ieu/agent-security-adviso… | exploit |
| https://github.com/eosphoros-ai/DB-GPT/commit/a9e… | patch |
| https://github.com/eosphoros-ai/DB-GPT/releases/t… | patch |
| https://github.com/eosphoros-ai/DB-GPT/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| eosphoros-ai | DB-GPT |
Affected:
0.8.0
Affected: 0.8.1 Unaffected: 0.8.2 cpe:2.3:a:eosphoros-ai:db-gpt:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-119144 (GCVE-0-2026-119144)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 15:58 – Updated: 2026-11-03 16:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Frappe Framework before 15.111.0 and 16.x before 16.21.0 Server-Side Template Injection via Message Fields
Summary
Frappe Framework before 15.111.0 and 16.x before 16.21.0 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability because user-controlled message fields are rendered as templates without neutralization. An authenticated attacker holding a common operational role can inject template expressions that the server evaluates in an unrestricted context.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 16:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/frappe/frappe/security/advisor… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/frappe-frame… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-15 00:00
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CVE-2026-119085 (GCVE-0-2026-119085)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 17:37 – Updated: 2026-11-03 16:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Template injection in the publishing component of awslabs Virtual Engineering Workbench
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine in the publishing component of Amazon Virtual Engineering Workbench (VEW) could allow a remote authenticated third party to run arbitrary code with the permissions of the publishing Lambda's IAM role. This could allow access to data and resources across all tenant projects. The code is reachable through a crafted CloudFormation template body containing template engine directives submitted through the product versioning API.
To remediate this issue, users should redeploy from the latest version of awslabs/virtual-engineering-workbench.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 19:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/awslabs/virtual-engineering-wo… | patch |
| https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletin… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/awslabs/virtual-engineering-wo… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AWS | virtual-engineering-workbench |
Affected:
0 , < c146486cec41f5b04fae57e9ce1a7fb40e695615
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:aws:virtual-engineering-workbench:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-118803 (GCVE-0-2026-118803)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 21:11 – Updated: 2026-11-03 13:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bricks Theme Unauthenticated Dynamic Data Tag Injection via query_result
Summary
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Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 13:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bricksbuilder.io/release/bricks-2-4-4/ | release-notes |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/bricks-theme… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bricks | Bricks Theme |
Affected:
0 , < 2.4.4
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-10-28 00:00
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CVE-2026-115938 (GCVE-0-2026-115938)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-23 21:58 – Updated: 2026-11-02 15:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Low privilege condition filter escapes Twig sandbox, recovers "securityKey" and reaches RCE
Summary
Craft CMS allows any authenticated control panel user to submit an element-search condition whose element selector is evaluated as a sandboxed Twig object template. Craft’s allowed column filter delegates property lookup to Yii ArrayHelper, outside Twig’s SecurityPolicy. Repeated single-segment lookups therefore bypass the sandbox’s empty property/method allowlists.
The vulnerable condition value is ultimately cast to an integer. That does not protect the secret: the template can return author ID 1 when a guessed key character is correct and an impossible ID otherwise. The JSON endpoint returns entries for the first case and an empty array for the second, forming a stable remote character oracle.
After recovering GeneralConfig::securityKey, the same user can compute Craft’s generic HMAC wire format offline. Signed parameters such as redirect are then accepted and passed to unsandboxed View::renderObjectTemplate(), where Twig’s string-callable form can invoke native PHP callables. The regression proof uses the harmless substr() callback and observes abcdef becoming cdef; it does not execute an OS command.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 15:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.hckrt.com/hacktivity/HCKRT-DRNL9W | third-party-advisorytechnical-descriptionmitigation |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/releases/tag/5.11.2 | release-notes |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms | product |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisori… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-115189 (GCVE-0-2026-115189)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 12:39 – Updated: 2026-10-26 15:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A server-side template injection vulnerability exists in the Twig theme rendering sandbox of Mautic. The sandbox introduced to restrict user-uploaded theme templates (the fix for GHSA-9fx4-7cmj-47vg) does not fully enforce its restrictions, allowing a crafted theme template to escape the sandbox. An authenticated user with the core:themes:create permission can upload a malicious theme whose template is later rendered, resulting in execution of arbitrary code on the server with the privileges of the web server process. This allows the attacker to execute operating system commands, read server-side files including configuration files and database credentials, write files, and reach internal services. In default installations the core:themes:create permission is granted to the Administrator role, and in multi-operator setups it may be delegated to other roles. This is an incomplete fix for GHSA-9fx4-7cmj-47vg.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 14:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-110593 (GCVE-0-2026-110593)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 14:16 – Updated: 2026-10-16 11:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
BottleCRM through 1.14.5 Server-Side Template Injection via Account Email create_mail
Summary
BottleCRM through 1.14.5 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability in the send_email Celery task, which compiles the user-supplied AccountEmail message_body with django.template.Template(). Authenticated organization members can submit template tags through POST /api/accounts/<id>/create_mail/ to disclose the rendering context and loaded Python modules, or block the shared Celery worker with nested loops.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 14:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Django-CRM/Django-CRM/issues/826 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Django-CRM/Django-CRM/blob/v1.… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/aaronamran/CVE-Disclosures/tre… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/bottlecrm-th… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MicroPyramid | BottleCRM |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.14.5
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:micropyramid:django_crm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-10-14 00:00
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CVE-2026-109652 (GCVE-0-2026-109652)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 22:22 – Updated: 2026-10-14 12:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Frappe ERPNext before 15.119.1 Server-Side Template Injection via Message Fields
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 12:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/security/adviso… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/frappe-erpne… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-13 00:00
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CVE-2026-109305 (GCVE-0-2026-109305)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 16:05 – Updated: 2026-10-13 18:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Craft CMS 5.10.2 before 5.10.14 Twig Sandbox Bypass RCE via has some/has every
Summary
Craft CMS from 5.10.2 before 5.10.14 contains a Twig sandbox bypass that allows non-admin users to invoke PHP callables through the "has some" and "has every" operators. Users with the System Messages permission can supply two-argument callables such as passthru or system in sandboxed templates to execute code as the web user.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 18:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisori… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/craft-cms-5.… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-22 00:00
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.