Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-166
AllowedImproper Handling of Missing Special Element
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles when an expected special element is missing.
5 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-32792 (GCVE-0-2026-32792)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-20 09:17 – Updated: 2026-05-20 12:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Packet of death with DNSCrypt
Summary
NLnet Labs Unbound 1.6.2 up to and including version 1.25.0 has a denial of service vulnerability when compiled with DNSCrypt support ('--enable-dnscrypt'). A bad DNSCrypt query could underflow Unbound's DNSCrypt packet reading procedure that may lead to heap overflow. A malicious actor can exploit the vulnerability with a single bad DNSCrypt query that its decrypted plaintext consists entirely of '0x00' bytes and does not contain the expected '0x80' marker. Unbound would then start reading more bytes than necessary until it finds a non-'0x00' byte. Based on the underlying memory allocator and the memory layout, it could lead to heap overflow while reading followed by a crash. Likelihood of a crash is low, since it relies heavily on the underlying memory allocator and the memory layout. If the heap overflow does not happen, Unbound's later packet checks will deny the packet. Unbound 1.25.1 contains a patch with a fix to bound reading in the given buffer space.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-20… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NLnet Labs | Unbound |
Affected:
1.6.2 , < 1.25.1
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-05-20 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-21218 (GCVE-0-2026-21218)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 17:51 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
.NET Spoofing Vulnerability
Summary
Improper handling of missing special element in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-166 - Improper Handling of Missing Special Element
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-02-10 16:00
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CVE-2024-38091 (GCVE-0-2024-38091)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-09 17:02 – Updated: 2026-02-10 23:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft WS-Discovery Denial of Service Vulnerability
Summary
Microsoft WS-Discovery Denial of Service Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-166 - Improper Handling of Missing Special Element
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
24 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6054
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6054
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6054
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.2582
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.0 , < 10.0.22000.3079
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.4651
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.3880
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.4651
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.3880
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.3880
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1009
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 |
Affected:
10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.20710
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7159
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7159
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7159
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22769
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22769
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22769
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27219
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27219
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24975
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24975
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22074
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22074
(custom)
|
Date Public
2024-07-09 07:00
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"version": "10.0.14393.0",
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"product": "Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
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GHSA-3WQW-8X5P-VV88
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-07-09 18:30
VLAI
Details
Microsoft WS-Discovery Denial of Service Vulnerability
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
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"CVE-2024-38091"
],
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"id": "GHSA-3wqw-8x5p-vv88",
"modified": "2024-07-09T18:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T18:30:52Z",
"references": [
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"type": "ADVISORY",
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{
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}
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}
GHSA-QVHC-9V3J-5RFW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-10 21:32 – Updated: 2026-02-13 19:43
VLAI
Summary
Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-21218 | .NET Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Details
Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-21218 | .NET Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Executive summary
Microsoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in .NET 8.0, .NET 9.0, and .NET 10.0. This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.
An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious payload that bypasses the security checks in the affected System.Security.Cryptography.Cose versions, potentially leading to unauthorized access or data manipulation.
Announcement
Announcement for this issue can be found at https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/380
Mitigation factors
If your application does not use System.Security.Cryptography.Cose it is not affected. By default, no .NET applications reference this component.
Affected Packages
The vulnerability affects any Microsoft .NET project if it uses any of affected packages versions listed below
.NET 10
| Package name | Affected version | Patched version |
|---|---|---|
| System.Security.Cryptography.Cose | >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.2 | 10.0.3 |
.NET 9
| Package name | Affected version | Patched version |
|---|---|---|
| System.Security.Cryptography.Cose | >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.12 | 9.0.13 |
.NET 8
| Package name | Affected version | Patched version |
|---|---|---|
| System.Security.Cryptography.Cose | >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.1 | 8.0.2 |
Advisory FAQ
How do I know if I am affected?
If an affected package listed in affected software or affected packages, you're exposed to the vulnerability.
How do I fix the issue?
To update the Using the System.Security.Cryptography.Cose NuGet package, use one of the following methods:
NuGet Package Manager UI in Visual Studio: - Open your project in Visual Studio. - Right-click on your project in Solution Explorer and select "Manage NuGet Packages..." or navigate to "Project > Manage NuGet Packages". - In the NuGet Package Manager window, select the "Updates" tab. This tab lists packages with available updates from your configured package sources. - Select the package(s) you wish to update. You can choose a specific version from the dropdown or update to the latest available version. - Click the "Update" button.
Using the NuGet Package Manager Console in Visual Studio: - Open your project in Visual Studio. - Navigate to "Tools > NuGet Package Manager > Package Manager Console". - To update a specific package to its latest version, use the following Update-Package command:
Update-Package -Id System.Security.Cryptography.Cose
Using the .NET CLI (Command Line Interface): - Open a terminal or command prompt in your project's directory. - To update a specific package to its latest version, use the following add package command:
dotnet add package System.Security.Cryptography.Cose
Once you have updated the nuget package reference you must recompile and deploy your application. Additionally we recommend you update your runtime and/or SDKs, but it is not necessary to patch the vulnerability.
Other Information
Reporting Security Issues
If you have found a potential security issue in a supported version of .NET, please report it to the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) via the MSRC Researcher Portal. Further information can be found in the MSRC Report an Issue FAQ.
Security reports made through MSRC may qualify for the Microsoft .NET Bounty. Details of the Microsoft .NET Bounty Program including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.
Support
You can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/runtime. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.
Disclaimer
The information provided in this advisory is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.
External Links
Acknowledgements
vcsjones with GitHub
Revisions
V1.0 (February 10, 2026): Advisory published.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.1"
},
"package": {
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"name": "System.Security.Cryptography.Cose"
},
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{
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{
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}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
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},
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},
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},
{
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}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
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},
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},
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{
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}
],
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}
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}
],
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],
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],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-10T21:32:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-10T18:16:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-21218 | .NET Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability\n\n## \u003ca name=\"executive-summary\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eExecutive summary\n\nMicrosoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in .NET 8.0, .NET 9.0, and .NET 10.0. This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.\n\nAn attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious payload that bypasses the security checks in the affected System.Security.Cryptography.Cose versions, potentially leading to unauthorized access or data manipulation.\n\n## Announcement\n\nAnnouncement for this issue can be found at https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/380\n\n## \u003ca name=\"mitigation-factors\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eMitigation factors\n\nIf your application does not use System.Security.Cryptography.Cose it is not affected. By default, no .NET applications reference this component.\n\n## \u003ca name=\"affected-packages\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eAffected Packages\nThe vulnerability affects any Microsoft .NET project if it uses any of affected packages versions listed below\n\n### \u003ca name=\".NET 10\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.NET 10\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[System.Security.Cryptography.Cose](https://www.nuget.org/packages/System.Security.Cryptography.Cose) | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.2 | 10.0.3\n\n### \u003ca name=\".NET 9\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.NET 9\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[System.Security.Cryptography.Cose](https://www.nuget.org/packages/System.Security.Cryptography.Cose) | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.12 | 9.0.13\n\n### \u003ca name=\".NET 8\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.NET 8\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[System.Security.Cryptography.Cose](https://www.nuget.org/packages/System.Security.Cryptography.Cose) | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.1 | 8.0.2\n\n## Advisory FAQ\n\n### \u003ca name=\"how-affected\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHow do I know if I am affected?\n\nIf an affected package listed in [affected software](#affected-software) or [affected packages](#affected-packages), you\u0027re exposed to the vulnerability.\n\n### \u003ca name=\"how-fix\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHow do I fix the issue?\n\nTo update the Using the System.Security.Cryptography.Cose NuGet package, use one of the following methods:\n\nNuGet Package Manager UI in Visual Studio:\n- Open your project in Visual Studio.\n- Right-click on your project in Solution Explorer and select \"Manage NuGet Packages...\" or navigate to \"Project \u003e Manage NuGet Packages\".\n- In the NuGet Package Manager window, select the \"Updates\" tab. This tab lists packages with available updates from your configured package sources.\n- Select the package(s) you wish to update. You can choose a specific version from the dropdown or update to the latest available version.\n- Click the \"Update\" button.\n\nUsing the NuGet Package Manager Console in Visual Studio:\n- Open your project in Visual Studio.\n- Navigate to \"Tools \u003e NuGet Package Manager \u003e Package Manager Console\".\n- To update a specific package to its latest version, use the following Update-Package command:\n\n```\nUpdate-Package -Id System.Security.Cryptography.Cose\n```\n\nUsing the .NET CLI (Command Line Interface):\n- Open a terminal or command prompt in your project\u0027s directory.\n- To update a specific package to its latest version, use the following add package command:\n\n```\ndotnet add package System.Security.Cryptography.Cose\n```\n\nOnce you have updated the nuget package reference you must recompile and deploy your application. Additionally we recommend you update your runtime and/or SDKs, but it is not necessary to patch the vulnerability.\n\n## Other Information\n\n### Reporting Security Issues\n\nIf you have found a potential security issue in a supported version of .NET, please report it to the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) via the [MSRC Researcher Portal](https://msrc.microsoft.com/report/vulnerability/new). Further information can be found in the MSRC [Report an Issue FAQ](https://www.microsoft.com/msrc/faqs-report-an-issue).\n\nSecurity reports made through MSRC may qualify for the Microsoft .NET Bounty. Details of the Microsoft .NET Bounty Program including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.\n\n### Support\n\nYou can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/runtime. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.\n\n### Disclaimer\n\nThe information provided in this advisory is provided \"as is\" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.\n\n### External Links\n\n[CVE-2026-21218](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-21218)\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nvcsjones with GitHub\n\n### Revisions\n\nV1.0 (February 10, 2026): Advisory published.",
"id": "GHSA-qvhc-9v3j-5rfw",
"modified": "2026-02-13T19:43:22Z",
"published": "2026-02-10T21:32:18Z",
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"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/security/advisories/GHSA-qvhc-9v3j-5rfw"
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"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21218"
},
{
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"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-21218 | .NET Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability"
}
Mitigation
Developers should anticipate that special elements will be removed in the input vectors of their product. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.