Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

13136 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-14372 (GCVE-0-2026-14372)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-09 12:31
VLAI
Title
Bit Form <= 3.1.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via '_old' Parameter
Summary
The Bit Form – Contact Form, Payment Forms, Multi Step Forms, Calculator & Custom Form Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the deleteFiles function in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.1 This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary files on the server, which can easily lead to remote code execution when the right file is deleted (such as wp-config).
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
Athiwat Tiprasaharn (Jitlada) Itthidej Aramsri (Boeing777)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-14352 (GCVE-0-2026-14352)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-03 04:30 – Updated: 2026-07-06 16:24
VLAI
Title
AR for WooCommerce <= 8.40 - Unauthenticated Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Read via 'file' Parameter
Summary
The AR for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 8.40 via the 'file' parameter parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information. The three intended access controls all fail: valid nonces are freely minted by unauthenticated callers via the nopriv ar_get_fresh_nonce and ar_process_user_image AJAX handlers; the AES-256-CBC encryption key is derived from get_option('ar_licence_key'), which returns false on default free installations and yields a predictable key attackers can use to encrypt their own path payloads; and the Referer check is trivially bypassed because the Referer header is attacker-controlled.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
webandprint AR for WooCommerce Affected: 0 , ≤ 8.40 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
CHOIGYEONGMIN
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-14327 (GCVE-0-2026-14327)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-03 01:28 – Updated: 2026-07-06 14:46
VLAI
Title
AR for WordPress <= 8.40 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via 'file' Parameter
Summary
The AR for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 8.40 via the 'file' parameter parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information. Exploitation requires an attacker to first obtain a valid nonce and secure nonce via the publicly accessible ar_get_fresh_nonce and ar_process_user_image nopriv AJAX handlers, and to reproduce the encryption key locally — both steps are fully achievable by an unauthenticated attacker on any default free or unlicensed installation where ar_licence_key is unset.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
webandprint AR for WordPress Affected: 0 , ≤ 8.40 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
CHOIGYEONGMIN
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-14244 (GCVE-0-2026-14244)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 04:30 – Updated: 2026-07-08 15:08
VLAI
Title
Jssor Slider by jssor.com <= 3.1.24 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via 'url' Parameter
Summary
The Jssor Slider by jssor.com plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.24 via the 'url' parameter parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jssor Jssor Slider by jssor.com Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.1.24 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Nabil Irawan
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-13748 (GCVE-0-2026-13748)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-29 15:58 – Updated: 2026-06-29 16:20
VLAI
Title
Snowflake CLI Arbitrary Local File Read and Exfiltration Through Improper File Path Restriction
Summary
Improper restriction of file path resolution in Snowflake CLI versions prior to 3.19 allowed arbitrary local file content to be read and transmitted to Snowflake services. An attacker could exploit this by supplying crafted repository or project content that referenced files outside the intended project boundary, causing Snowflake CLI to read local files and upload or embed their contents during deployment or SQL template processing. Successful exploitation required the victim to process attacker-controlled project content, and retrieval of exfiltrated data depended on access to the victim's Snowflake account artifacts such as query history or uploaded stage content. The fix is available in Snowflake CLI version 3.19, and users must manually upgrade.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-61 - UNIX Symbolic Link (Symlink) Following
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Snowflake Snowflake CLI Affected: 0.2.2 , < 3.19.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-13528 (GCVE-0-2026-13528)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-29 02:45 – Updated: 2026-06-29 13:33
VLAI
Title
YunaiV/zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro AppFileController File Upload Endpoint FileServiceImpl.java generateUploadPath path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was found in YunaiV/zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro up to 2026.04-jdk8-SNAPSHOT. The impacted element is the function generateUploadPath of the file yudao-module-infra/src/main/java/cn/iocoder/yudao/module/infra/service/file/FileServiceImpl.java of the component AppFileController File Upload Endpoint. Performing a manipulation results in path traversal. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The patch is named 4ae3f6b2c9883978837638c14e3d18419819eeb0. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. This product is published by multiple vendors.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
YunaiV ruoyi-vue-pro Affected: 2026.04-jdk8-SNAPSHOT
    cpe:2.3:a:yunaiv:ruoyi-vue-pro:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro Affected: 2026.04-jdk8-SNAPSHOT
    cpe:2.3:a:zhijiantianya:ruoyi-vue-pro:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Credits
wr0ld (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-13509 (GCVE-0-2026-13509)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-28 22:00 – Updated: 2026-06-29 14:53
VLAI
Title
RAGapp Knowledge File files.py FileHandler.remove_file path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in RAGapp up to 0.1.5. Affected is the function FileHandler.upload_file/FileHandler.remove_file of the file src/ragapp/backend/controllers/files.py of the component Knowledge File Handler. Such manipulation leads to path traversal. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/374517 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/374517/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-13509 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/838838 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/ragapp/ragapp/issues/293 exploitissue-tracking
https://github.com/ragapp/ragapp/pull/294 issue-trackingpatch
https://github.com/ragapp/ragapp/ product
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a RAGapp Affected: 0.1.0
Affected: 0.1.1
Affected: 0.1.2
Affected: 0.1.3
Affected: 0.1.4
Affected: 0.1.5
    cpe:2.3:a:ragapp:ragapp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Credits
Dem000000 (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-13503 (GCVE-0-2026-13503)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-28 15:15 – Updated: 2026-06-29 13:11
VLAI
Title
antlr ANTLR4 tokenVocab Grammar Option TokenVocabParser.java getImportedVocabFile path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in antlr ANTLR4 up to 4.13.2. Affected by this issue is the function getImportedVocabFile of the file tool/src/org/antlr/v4/parse/TokenVocabParser.java of the component tokenVocab Grammar Option Handler. The manipulation results in path traversal. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/374497 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/374497/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-13503 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/838686 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/wooyun123/wooyun/issues/8 exploitissue-tracking
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
antlr ANTLR4 Affected: 4.13.0
Affected: 4.13.1
Affected: 4.13.2
    cpe:2.3:a:antlr:antlr4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Credits
jiazhou (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-13492 (GCVE-0-2026-13492)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 18:33 – Updated: 2026-07-09 19:47
VLAI
Title
UsersWP <= 1.2.65 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via File Upload Field
Summary
The UsersWP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Deletion in versions up to, and including, 1.2.65. This is due to insufficient validation of file-field values in the UsersWP_Validation::validate_fields() function (which falls through to sanitize_text_field() for fields of type 'file', leaving directory-traversal sequences intact) combined with the UsersWP_Forms::upload_file_remove() AJAX handler building the deletion target from the uploads basedir concatenated with the attacker-controlled metadata value without any realpath canonicalization or uploads-directory boundary check before calling unlink(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary files on the affected site's server, including wp-config.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
daroo
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-13426 (GCVE-0-2026-13426)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 13:47 – Updated: 2026-06-26 14:39
VLAI
Title
Client4 fails to validate path parameters
Summary
The Mattermost Go module github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/public versions < v0.1.22 fail to validate path parameters when constructing API route paths which allows an attacker to redirect API calls to unintended endpoints via crafted IDs containing path traversal components. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2025-00532
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://mattermost.com/security-updates vendor-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Mattermost github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/public Affected: v0.0.0 , < v0.1.22 (semver)
Unaffected: v0.1.22
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Juho Forsén
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
  • Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
  • realpath() in C
  • getCanonicalPath() in Java
  • GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
  • realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
  • realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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