Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-241
AllowedImproper Handling of Unexpected Data Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not handle or incorrectly handles when a particular element is not the expected type, e.g. it expects a digit (0-9) but is provided with a letter (A-Z).
55 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2022-20730 (GCVE-0-2022-20730)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-03 03:16 – Updated: 2024-11-06 16:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software Security Intelligence DNS Feed Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the Security Intelligence feed feature of Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the Security Intelligence DNS feed. This vulnerability is due to incorrect feed update processing. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending traffic through an affected device that should be blocked by the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass device controls and successfully send traffic to devices that are expected to be protected by the affected device.
Severity
4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2022-04-27 00:00
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CVE-2022-3029 (GCVE-0-2022-3029)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-09-13 15:17 – Updated: 2024-09-16 17:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Fatal error on incorrect base64 data in RRDP
Summary
In NLnet Labs Routinator 0.9.0 up to and including 0.11.2, due to a mistake in error handling, data in RRDP snapshot and delta files that isn’t correctly base 64 encoded is treated as a fatal error and causes Routinator to exit. Worst case impact of this vulnerability is denial of service for the RPKI data that Routinator provides to routers. This may stop your network from validating route origins based on RPKI data. This vulnerability does not allow an attacker to manipulate RPKI data.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-241 - Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/routinator/CVE… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NLnet Labs | Routinator |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 0.11.2
(custom)
|
Date Public
2022-09-13 00:00
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CVE-2022-1642 (GCVE-0-2022-1642)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-06-16 16:39 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A program using swift-corelibs-foundation is vulnerable to a denial of service attack caused by a potentially malicious source producing a JSON document containing a type mismatch. This vulnerability is caused by the interaction between a deserialization mechanism offered by the Swift standard library, the Codable protocol; and the JSONDecoder class offered by swift-corelibs-foundation, which can deserialize types that adopt the Codable protocol based on the content of a provided JSON document. When a type that adopts Codable requests the initialization of a field with an integer value, the JSONDecoder class uses a type-erased container with different accessor methods to attempt and coerce a corresponding JSON value and produce an integer. In the case the JSON value was a numeric literal with a floating-point portion, JSONDecoder used different type-eraser methods during validation than it did during the final casting of the value. The checked casting produces a deterministic crash due to this mismatch. The JSONDecoder class is often wrapped by popular Swift-based web frameworks to parse the body of HTTP requests and perform basic type validation. This makes the attack low-effort: sending a specifically crafted JSON document during a request to these endpoints will cause them to crash. The attack does not have any confidentiality or integrity risks in and of itself; the crash is produced deterministically by an abort function that ensures that execution does not continue in the face of this violation of assumptions. However, unexpected crashes can lead to violations of invariants in services, so it's possible that this attack can be used to trigger error conditions that escalate the risk. Producing a denial of service may also be the goal of an attacker in itself. This issue is solved in Swift 5.6.2 for Linux and Windows. This issue was solved by ensuring that the same methods are invoked both when validating and during casting, so that no type mismatch occurs. Swift for Linux and Windows versions are not ABI-interchangeable. To upgrade a service, its owner must update to this version of the Swift toolchain, then recompile and redeploy their software. The new version of Swift includes an updated swift-corelibs-foundation package. Versions of Swift running on Darwin-based operating systems are not affected.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/apple/swift-corelibs-foundatio… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Swift Project | Swift Corelib-Foundation |
Affected:
5.5.0 , < unspecified
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , ≤ 5.6.1 (custom) |
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CVE-2021-40116 (GCVE-0-2021-40116)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-27 18:56 – Updated: 2024-11-07 21:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Multiple Cisco Products Snort Rule Denial of Service Vulnerability
Summary
Multiple Cisco products are affected by a vulnerability in Snort rules that could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device.The vulnerability is due to improper handling of the Block with Reset or Interactive Block with Reset actions if a rule is configured without proper constraints. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted IP packet to the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause through traffic to be dropped. Note: Only products with Snort3 configured and either a rule with Block with Reset or Interactive Block with Reset actions configured are vulnerable. Products configured with Snort2 are not vulnerable.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2021-10-27 00:00
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CVE-2021-39131 (GCVE-0-2021-39131)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-17 19:55 – Updated: 2024-08-04 01:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type in ced
Summary
ced detects character encoding using Google’s compact_enc_det library. In ced v0.1.0, passing data types other than `Buffer` causes the Node.js process to crash. The problem has been patched in ced v1.0.0. As a workaround, before passing an argument to ced, verify it’s a `Buffer` using `Buffer.isBuffer(obj)`.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-241 - Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sonicdoe/ced/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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| https://github.com/sonicdoe/ced/releases/tag/v1.0.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2021-32696 (GCVE-0-2021-32696)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-18 19:35 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Passing in a non-string 'html' argument can lead to unsanitized output
Summary
The npm package "striptags" is an implementation of PHP's strip_tags in Typescript. In striptags before version 3.2.0, a type-confusion vulnerability can cause `striptags` to concatenate unsanitized strings when an array-like object is passed in as the `html` parameter. This can be abused by an attacker who can control the shape of their input, e.g. if query parameters are passed directly into the function. This can lead to a XSS.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ericnorris/striptags/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ericnorris/striptags/commit/f2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ericnorris/striptags/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.npmjs.com/package/striptags | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ericnorris | striptags |
Affected:
< 3.2.0
|
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CVE-2021-32655 (GCVE-0-2021-32655)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-01 20:55 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Files Drop public link can be added as federated share
Summary
Nextcloud Server is a Nextcloud package that handles data storage. In versions prior to 19.0.11, 20.0.10, and 21.0.2, an attacker is able to convert a Files Drop link to a federated share. This causes an issue on the UI side of the sharing user. When the sharing user opens the sharing panel and tries to remove the "Create" privileges of this unexpected share, Nextcloud server would silently grant the share read privileges. The vulnerability is patched in versions 19.0.11, 20.0.10 and 21.0.2. No workarounds are known to exist.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-241 - Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/1167929 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-17 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_GENTOO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
< 19.0.11
Affected: >= 20.0.0, < 20.0.10 Affected: >= 21.0.0, < 21.0.2 |
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CVE-2021-0243 (GCVE-0-2021-0243)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-22 19:37 – Updated: 2024-09-17 00:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Junos OS: EX4300: Stateless firewall policer fails to discard traffic
Summary
Improper Handling of Unexpected Data in the firewall policer of Juniper Networks Junos OS on EX4300 switches allows matching traffic to exceed set policer limits, possibly leading to a limited Denial of Service (DoS) condition. When the firewall policer discard action fails on a Layer 2 port, it will allow traffic to pass even though it exceeds set policer limits. Traffic will not get discarded, and will be forwarded even though a policer discard action is configured. When the issue occurs, traffic is not discarded as desired, which can be observed by comparing the Input bytes with the Output bytes using the following command: user@junos> monitor interface traffic Interface Link Input bytes (bps) Output bytes (bps) ge-0/0/0 Up 37425422 (82616) 37425354 (82616) <<<< egress ge-0/0/1 Up 37425898 (82616) 37425354 (82616) <<<< ingress The expected output, with input and output counters differing, is shown below: Interface Link Input bytes (bps) Output bytes (bps) ge-0/0/0 Up 342420570 (54600) 342422760 (54600) <<<< egress ge-0/0/1 Up 517672120 (84000) 342420570 (54600) <<<< ingress This issue only affects IPv4 policing. IPv6 traffic and firewall policing actions are not affected by this issue. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on the EX4300: All versions prior to 17.3R3-S10; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R3-S3; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S11; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R3-S6; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3-S4; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R3-S6; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R3-S3; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R3-S1; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R3-S1; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R3; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R2; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R2.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-241 - Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type
- Denial of Service (DoS)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11136 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
unspecified , < 17.3R3-S10
(custom)
Affected: 17.4 , < 17.4R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 18.1 , < 18.1R3-S11 (custom) Affected: 18.2 , < 18.2R3-S6 (custom) Affected: 18.3 , < 18.3R3-S4 (custom) Affected: 18.4 , < 18.4R3-S6 (custom) Affected: 19.1 , < 19.1R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 19.2 , < 19.2R3-S1 (custom) Affected: 19.3 , < 19.3R3-S1 (custom) Affected: 19.4 , < 19.4R3 (custom) Affected: 20.1 , < 20.1R2 (custom) Affected: 20.2 , < 20.2R2 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-04-14 00:00
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"value": "Improper Handling of Unexpected Data in the firewall policer of Juniper Networks Junos OS on EX4300 switches allows matching traffic to exceed set policer limits, possibly leading to a limited Denial of Service (DoS) condition. When the firewall policer discard action fails on a Layer 2 port, it will allow traffic to pass even though it exceeds set policer limits. Traffic will not get discarded, and will be forwarded even though a policer discard action is configured. When the issue occurs, traffic is not discarded as desired, which can be observed by comparing the Input bytes with the Output bytes using the following command: user@junos\u003e monitor interface traffic Interface Link Input bytes (bps) Output bytes (bps) ge-0/0/0 Up 37425422 (82616) 37425354 (82616) \u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c egress ge-0/0/1 Up 37425898 (82616) 37425354 (82616) \u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c ingress The expected output, with input and output counters differing, is shown below: Interface Link Input bytes (bps) Output bytes (bps) ge-0/0/0 Up 342420570 (54600) 342422760 (54600) \u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c egress ge-0/0/1 Up 517672120 (84000) 342420570 (54600) \u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c ingress This issue only affects IPv4 policing. IPv6 traffic and firewall policing actions are not affected by this issue. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on the EX4300: All versions prior to 17.3R3-S10; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R3-S3; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S11; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R3-S6; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3-S4; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R3-S6; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R3-S3; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R3-S1; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R3-S1; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R3; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R2; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R2."
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CVE-2021-0242 (GCVE-0-2021-0242)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-22 19:37 – Updated: 2024-09-17 03:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Junos OS: EX4300: FPC crash upon receipt of specific frames on an interface without L2PT or dot1x configured
Summary
A vulnerability due to the improper handling of direct memory access (DMA) buffers on EX4300 switches on Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker sending specific unicast frames to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) condition by exhausting DMA buffers, causing the FPC to crash and the device to restart. The DMA buffer leak is seen when receiving these specific, valid unicast frames on an interface without Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling (L2PT) or dot1x configured. Interfaces with either L2PT or dot1x configured are not vulnerable to this issue. When this issue occurs, DMA buffer usage keeps increasing and the following error log messages may be observed: Apr 14 14:29:34.360 /kernel: pid 64476 (pfex_junos), uid 0: exited on signal 11 (core dumped) Apr 14 14:29:33.790 init: pfe-manager (PID 64476) terminated by signal number 11. Core dumped! The DMA buffers on the FPC can be monitored by the executing vty command 'show heap': ID Base Total(b) Free(b) Used(b) % Name -- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- --- ----------- 0 4a46000 268435456 238230496 30204960 11 Kernel 1 18a46000 67108864 17618536 49490328 73 Bcm_sdk 2 23737000 117440512 18414552 99025960 84 DMA buf <<<<< keeps increasing 3 2a737000 16777216 16777216 0 0 DMA desc This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on the EX4300: 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S11; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2-S13, 17.4R3-S4; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S12; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R2-S8, 18.2R3-S7; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3-S4; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R1-S8, 18.4R2-S7, 18.4R3-S7; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R1-S6, 19.1R2-S2, 19.1R3-S4; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S6, 19.2R3-S2; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R3-S2; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R2-S3, 19.4R3-S1; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R2; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R2-S1, 20.2R3; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R1-S1, 20.3R2.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11135 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
17.3 , < 17.3R3-S11
(custom)
Affected: 17.4 , < 17.4R2-S13, 17.4R3-S4 (custom) Affected: 18.1 , < 18.1R3-S12 (custom) Affected: 18.2 , < 18.2R2-S8, 18.2R3-S7 (custom) Affected: 18.3 , < 18.3R3-S4 (custom) Affected: 18.4 , < 18.4R1-S8, 18.4R2-S7, 18.4R3-S7 (custom) Affected: 19.1 , < 19.1R1-S6, 19.1R2-S2, 19.1R3-S4 (custom) Affected: 19.2 , < 19.2R1-S6, 19.2R3-S2 (custom) Affected: 19.3 , < 19.3R3-S2 (custom) Affected: 19.4 , < 19.4R2-S3, 19.4R3-S1 (custom) Affected: 20.1 , < 20.1R2 (custom) Affected: 20.2 , < 20.2R2-S1, 20.2R3 (custom) Affected: 20.3 , < 20.3R1-S1, 20.3R2 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-04-14 00:00
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}
GHSA-27WQ-QX3Q-FXM9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-23 19:42 – Updated: 2021-10-21 14:15
VLAI
Summary
Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type in ced
Details
Impact
In ced v0.1.0, passing data types other than Buffer causes the Node.js process to crash.
Patches
The problem has been patched in ced v1.0.0. You can upgrade from v0.1.0 without any breaking changes.
Workarounds
Before passing an argument to ced, verify it’s a Buffer using Buffer.isBuffer(obj).
CVSS score
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/RL:O/RC:C
Base Score: 7.5 (High) Temporal Score: 7.2 (High)
Since ced is a library, the scoring is based on the “reasonable worst-case implementation scenario”, namely, accepting data from untrusted sources over a network and passing it directly to ced. Depending on your specific implementation, the vulnerability’s severity in your program may be different.
Proof of concept
const express = require("express");
const bodyParser = require("body-parser");
const ced = require("ced");
const app = express();
app.use(bodyParser.raw());
app.post("/", (req, res) => {
const encoding = ced(req.body);
res.end(encoding);
});
app.listen(3000);
curl --request POST --header "Content-Type: text/plain" --data foo http://localhost:3000 crashes the server.
References
- https://github.com/sonicdoe/ced/commit/a4d9f10b6bf1cd468d1a5b9a283cdf437f8bb7b3
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ced"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39131"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-241"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-23T17:18:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-17T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nIn ced v0.1.0, passing data types other than `Buffer` causes the Node.js process to crash.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been patched in [ced v1.0.0](https://github.com/sonicdoe/ced/releases/tag/v1.0.0). You can upgrade from v0.1.0 without any breaking changes.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nBefore passing an argument to ced, verify it\u2019s a `Buffer` using [`Buffer.isBuffer(obj)`](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_static_method_buffer_isbuffer_obj).\n\n### CVSS score\n\n[CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/RL:O/RC:C](https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/RL:O/RC:C)\n\nBase Score: 7.5 (High)\nTemporal Score: 7.2 (High)\n\nSince ced is a library, the scoring is based on the \u201c[reasonable worst-case implementation scenario](https://www.first.org/cvss/v3.1/user-guide#3-7-Scoring-Vulnerabilities-in-Software-Libraries-and-Similar)\u201d, namely, accepting data from untrusted sources over a network and passing it directly to ced. Depending on your specific implementation, the vulnerability\u2019s severity in your program may be different.\n\n### Proof of concept\n\n```js\nconst express = require(\"express\");\nconst bodyParser = require(\"body-parser\");\nconst ced = require(\"ced\");\n\nconst app = express();\n\napp.use(bodyParser.raw());\n\napp.post(\"/\", (req, res) =\u003e {\n const encoding = ced(req.body);\n\n res.end(encoding);\n});\n\napp.listen(3000);\n```\n\n`curl --request POST --header \"Content-Type: text/plain\" --data foo http://localhost:3000` crashes the server.\n\n### References\n\n- https://github.com/sonicdoe/ced/commit/a4d9f10b6bf1cd468d1a5b9a283cdf437f8bb7b3",
"id": "GHSA-27wq-qx3q-fxm9",
"modified": "2021-10-21T14:15:51Z",
"published": "2021-08-23T19:42:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sonicdoe/ced/security/advisories/GHSA-27wq-qx3q-fxm9"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sonicdoe/ced/commit/a4d9f10b6bf1cd468d1a5b9a283cdf437f8bb7b3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/sonicdoe/ced"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sonicdoe/ced/releases/tag/v1.0.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type in ced"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-48: Passing Local Filenames to Functions That Expect a URL
This attack relies on client side code to access local files and resources instead of URLs. When the client browser is expecting a URL string, but instead receives a request for a local file, that execution is likely to occur in the browser process space with the browser's authority to local files. The attacker can send the results of this request to the local files out to a site that they control. This attack may be used to steal sensitive authentication data (either local or remote), or to gain system profile information to launch further attacks.