Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

8495 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-F39W-3RJP-955J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:23 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:23
VLAI
Details

Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle iProcurement component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.1 through 12.1.3 and 12.2.3 through 12.2.6 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-5562"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-10-25T14:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle iProcurement component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.1 through 12.1.3 and 12.2.3 through 12.2.6 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-f39w-3rjp-955j",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:23:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:23:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5562"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93739"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037038"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F3FW-7MC3-5VG7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-15 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-15 18:31
VLAI
Details

As part of Cisco's ongoing commitment to proactive security and product quality, the Cisco RoomOS engineering team has conducted a comprehensive internal security review. This review resulted in a software hardening release that addresses multiple internally discovered vulnerabilities.

The vulnerabilities tracked by CVE-2026-20150 are related to improper access control that are grouped under the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) Pillar CWE-284.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-20150"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-15T17:16:47Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "As part of Cisco\u0027s ongoing commitment to proactive security and product quality, the Cisco RoomOS engineering team has conducted a comprehensive internal security review. This review resulted in a software hardening release that addresses multiple internally discovered vulnerabilities.\n\nThe vulnerabilities tracked by CVE-2026-20150 are related to improper access control\u0026nbsp;that are grouped under the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) Pillar CWE-284.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3fw-7mc3-5vg7",
  "modified": "2026-07-15T18:31:55Z",
  "published": "2026-07-15T18:31:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-hardening-roomos-AqNMbEq"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F3GJ-2Q44-8RG8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 03:30 – Updated: 2025-09-09 03:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was identified in SiempreCMS up to 1.3.6. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /docs/admin/file_upload.php. Such manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-10116"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-09T02:15:36Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was identified in SiempreCMS up to 1.3.6. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /docs/admin/file_upload.php. Such manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3gj-2q44-8rg8",
  "modified": "2025-09-09T03:30:18Z",
  "published": "2025-09-09T03:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10116"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/drew-byte/SiempreCMS-File-Upload-Abuse/blob/main/README.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.323085"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.323085"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.645540"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F3HC-4JF7-HP4H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-28 09:30 – Updated: 2024-02-28 09:30
VLAI
Details

The WordPress Access Control plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.13 via the REST API. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass the plugin's "Make Website Members Only" feature (when unset) and view restricted page and post content.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0975"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-28T09:15:42Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WordPress Access Control plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.13  via the REST API. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass the plugin\u0027s \"Make Website Members Only\" feature (when unset) and view restricted page and post content.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3hc-4jf7-hp4h",
  "modified": "2024-02-28T09:30:39Z",
  "published": "2024-02-28T09:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0975"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wordpress-access-control/trunk/wordpress-access-control.php#L289"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/31f13524-2bd7-4157-b378-455ac4f822a1?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F3J8-8GGQ-F9X2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-21 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-21 18:31
VLAI
Details

In Eclipse hawkBit versions 1.0.3 and prior, a privilege escalation vulnerability (CWE-284 / CWE-862) has been identified in the Direct Device Integration (DDI) Controller.

This vulnerability allows an authenticated device to escalate its permissions and bypass the strict boundaries of its assigned updates. Under normal operation, a device should be restricted strictly to the specific firmware artifacts explicitly assigned to it. However, this flaw enables any authenticated device to bypass this restriction and download any firmware artifact within the same tenant.

This is not an authentication bypass; the requesting device must possess valid credentials for its respective tenant. Instead, the issue stems from a flaw in object-level authorization validation.

A related, lower-severity helper issue exists in the listing software modules artifacts metadata endpoint. This endpoint does not enforce assignment checks, enabling an authenticated device to list and enumerate available firmware artifacts, which can facilitate targeted exfiltration using the main download authorization bypass.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-16454"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T17:17:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In\u00a0Eclipse hawkBit\u00a0versions 1.0.3 and prior, a privilege escalation vulnerability (CWE-284 / CWE-862) has been identified in the Direct Device Integration (DDI) Controller.\n\n\n\nThis vulnerability allows an authenticated device to escalate its permissions and bypass the strict boundaries of its assigned updates. Under normal operation, a device should be restricted\u00a0strictly to the specific firmware artifacts explicitly\u00a0assigned to it. However, this flaw enables any authenticated device to bypass this restriction and download any firmware artifact\u00a0within the same tenant.\n\n\n\nThis is\u00a0not\u00a0an authentication bypass; the requesting device must possess valid credentials for its respective tenant. Instead, the issue stems from a flaw in object-level authorization validation.\n\n\n\nA related, lower-severity helper issue exists in the listing software modules artifacts metadata endpoint. This endpoint does not enforce assignment checks, enabling an authenticated device to list and enumerate available firmware artifacts, which can facilitate targeted exfiltration using the main download authorization bypass.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3j8-8ggq-f9x2",
  "modified": "2026-07-21T18:31:02Z",
  "published": "2026-07-21T18:31:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eclipse-hawkbit/hawkbit/security/advisories/GHSA-92r3-p8c2-3fpx"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16454"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignment/-/work_items/196"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F3M3-XP8G-JJ26

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle Public Sector Financials product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Public Sector Financials. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Public Sector Financials accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Public Sector Financials accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.4 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-62482"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:19:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Public Sector Financials product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Public Sector Financials.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Public Sector Financials accessible data as well as  unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Public Sector Financials accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.4 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).",
  "id": "GHSA-f3m3-xp8g-jj26",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:30Z",
  "published": "2026-07-22T00:32:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62482"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F3PC-VH4R-HXXH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 15:32 – Updated: 2026-07-02 15:32
VLAI
Details

A malicious actor with access to the network,low privileges and under certain conditions could exploit an Improper Access Control vulnerability found in UniFi Network Application to escalate privileges within the UniFi Network Application.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-55118"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-02T15:17:05Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A malicious actor with access to the network,low privileges and under certain conditions could exploit an Improper Access Control vulnerability found in UniFi Network Application to escalate privileges within the UniFi Network Application.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3pc-vh4r-hxxh",
  "modified": "2026-07-02T15:32:14Z",
  "published": "2026-07-02T15:32:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55118"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://community.ui.com/releases/Security-Advisory-Bulletin-066-066/984eceb3-49c8-4227-942d-671c289b3afc"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F3QW-FM2W-5856

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-15 03:30 – Updated: 2026-05-15 03:30
VLAI
Details

Improper access control between the Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) and Advanced Extensible Interface (AXI) could allow an attacker with physical access to read or overwrite the contents of cross-chip debug (XCD) registers potentially resulting in loss of data integrity or confidentiality.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0040"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-15T03:16:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control between the Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) and Advanced Extensible Interface (AXI) could allow an attacker with physical access to read or overwrite the contents of cross-chip debug (XCD) registers potentially resulting in loss of data integrity or confidentiality.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3qw-fm2w-5856",
  "modified": "2026-05-15T03:30:37Z",
  "published": "2026-05-15T03:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0040"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/AMD-SB-4017.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/AMD-SB-6027.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F3VQ-4X38-VG3X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-10 00:30 – Updated: 2026-01-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Tahoe 26.2. An app may be able to access protected files within an App Sandbox container.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-46297"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-09T22:15:59Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Tahoe 26.2. An app may be able to access protected files within an App Sandbox container.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3vq-4x38-vg3x",
  "modified": "2026-01-12T18:30:30Z",
  "published": "2026-01-10T00:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46297"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125886"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F3XC-Q9P9-4Q24

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-10 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:46
VLAI
Details

Improper access control in Telecom prior to SMR Aug-2023 Release 1 allows local attackers to call endCall API without permission.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30683"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-10T02:15:11Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control in Telecom prior to SMR Aug-2023 Release 1 allows local attackers to call endCall API without permission.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3xc-q9p9-4q24",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:46:11Z",
  "published": "2023-08-10T03:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30683"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=08"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.