CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8430 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-G89G-4G7J-CGMM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:36An Improper Access Control issue was discovered in Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL) SEL-3620 and SEL-3622 Security Gateway Versions R202 and, R203, R203-V1, R203-V2 and, R204, R204-V1. The device does not properly enforce access control while configured for NAT port forwarding, which may allow for unauthorized communications to downstream devices.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-7928"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-07T08:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An Improper Access Control issue was discovered in Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL) SEL-3620 and SEL-3622 Security Gateway Versions R202 and, R203, R203-V1, R203-V2 and, R204, R204-V1. The device does not properly enforce access control while configured for NAT port forwarding, which may allow for unauthorized communications to downstream devices.",
"id": "GHSA-g89g-4g7j-cgmm",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-192-06"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99536"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G8FG-2HRP-WJJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:25 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:25In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wear, and Small Cell SoC FSM9055, MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9625, MDM9635M, MDM9640, MDM9645, MDM9650, MDM9655, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 600, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, and SDX20, unauthorized memory access possible in online memory dump feature.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-9140"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-18T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Android before 2018-04-05 or earlier security patch level on Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wear, and Small Cell SoC FSM9055, MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9625, MDM9635M, MDM9640, MDM9645, MDM9650, MDM9655, MSM8909W, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 400, SD 410/12, SD 600, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 617, SD 650/52, SD 800, SD 808, SD 810, and SDX20, unauthorized memory access possible in online memory dump feature.",
"id": "GHSA-g8fg-2hrp-wjjx",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:25:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:25:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-9140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-04-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103671"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G8GV-C9MG-4WV9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:09 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:09Mozilla Firefox OS before 2.2 allows physically proximate attackers to bypass the pass-code protection mechanism and access USB Mass Storage (UMS) media volumes by using the USB interface for a mount operation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-5960"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-08-08T00:59:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Mozilla Firefox OS before 2.2 allows physically proximate attackers to bypass the pass-code protection mechanism and access USB Mass Storage (UMS) media volumes by using the USB interface for a mount operation.",
"id": "GHSA-g8gv-c9mg-4wv9",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:09:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:09:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5960"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1111725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mozilla.org/security/announce/2015/mfsa2015-74.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76254"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-G8JH-VG5J-4H3F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-06 15:45 – Updated: 2025-11-07 20:31Summary
A vulnerability in Apollo Router allowed for unauthorized access to protected data through schema elements with access control directives (@authenticated, @requiresScopes, and @policy) that were renamed via @link imports. Router did not enforce renamed access control directives on schema elements (e.g. fields and types), allowing queries to bypass those element-level access controls.
Details
Apollo Federation allows users to specify access control directives (@authenticated, @requiresScopes, and @policy](https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/routing/security/authorization#authorization-directives)) to protect schema data access at the element level. These directives can optionally be renamed via the imports argument to the @link directive, which can be useful if their default names match an existing user-defined directive in their subgraph schema. However, Apollo Router's access control logic ignored the imports argument, and would accordingly ignore access control directives that were renamed in this way.
Who Is Impacted
This vulnerability impacts Apollo Router customers defining @authenticated, @requiresScopes, or @policy directives on schema elements that were renamed via @link imports are impacted.
Scope of Impact
The vulnerability could allow a malicious actor to craft a query that can bypass access control requirements on schema elements protected by renamed access control directives.
Patches
This vulnerability has been fixed in Apollo Router by updating the access control logic to handle the imports argument in @link directives. You will need to update Router to one of the following versions:
- 1.61.12+
- 2.8.1+
Workarounds
- If you are not immediately updating Router to a patched version, you should remove any renames of access control directives in the
importsargument to the@linkdirective. - Customers not using Apollo Router with renamed access control directives (
@authenticated,@requiresScopes, and@policy) are not affected and do not need to take action.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "apollo-router"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.61.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "apollo-router"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-alpha.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64347"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-06T15:45:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-07T18:15:37Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# Summary \nA vulnerability in Apollo Router allowed for unauthorized access to protected data through schema elements with access control directives (`@authenticated`, `@requiresScopes`, and `@policy`) that were renamed via `@link` imports. Router did not enforce renamed access control directives on schema elements (e.g. fields and types), allowing queries to bypass those element-level access controls.\n\n## Details\n\nApollo Federation allows users to specify access control directives (`@authenticated`, `@requiresScopes`, and `@policy`](https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/routing/security/authorization#authorization-directives)) to protect schema data access at the element level. These directives can optionally be renamed via the [`imports` argument to the `@link` directive](https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/schema-design/federated-schemas/reference/directives#renaming-directives), which can be useful if their default names match an existing user-defined directive in their subgraph schema. However, Apollo Router\u0027s access control logic ignored the `imports` argument, and would accordingly ignore access control directives that were renamed in this way.\n\n## Who Is Impacted\n\nThis vulnerability impacts Apollo Router customers defining `@authenticated`, `@requiresScopes`, or `@policy` directives on schema elements that were renamed via `@link` imports are impacted.\n\n### Scope of Impact\n\nThe vulnerability could allow a malicious actor to craft a query that can bypass access control requirements on schema elements protected by renamed access control directives.\n\n## Patches\n\nThis vulnerability has been fixed in Apollo Router by updating the access control logic to handle the `imports` argument in `@link` directives. You will need to update Router to one of the following versions:\n\n- 1.61.12+\n- 2.8.1+\n\n## Workarounds\n\n- If you are not immediately updating Router to a patched version, you should remove any renames of access control directives in the `imports` argument to the `@link` directive.\n- Customers not using Apollo Router with renamed access control directives (`@authenticated`, `@requiresScopes`, and `@policy`) are not affected and do not need to take action.",
"id": "GHSA-g8jh-vg5j-4h3f",
"modified": "2025-11-07T20:31:54Z",
"published": "2025-11-06T15:45:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apollographql/router/security/advisories/GHSA-g8jh-vg5j-4h3f"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64347"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apollographql/router/commit/78e4b20a2fc26cc5f141aa47992ed85375266a2b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apollographql/router"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apollo Router Improperly Enforces Renamed Access Control Directives"
}
GHSA-G8MG-GGC9-JJM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-15 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-15 21:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Analytics (component: Platform Security). Supported versions that are affected are 7.6.0.0.0, 8.2.0.0.0 and 12.2.1.4.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30759"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-15T20:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Analytics (component: Platform Security). Supported versions that are affected are 7.6.0.0.0, 8.2.0.0.0 and 12.2.1.4.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-g8mg-ggc9-jjm2",
"modified": "2025-07-15T21:31:40Z",
"published": "2025-07-15T21:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30759"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2025.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G8RG-59WQ-2WG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:25 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:52classes/admin.class.php in CubeCart 5.2.12 through 5.2.16 and 6.x before 6.0.7 does not properly validate that a password reset request was made, which allows remote attackers to change the administrator password via a recovery request with a space character in the validate parameter and the administrator email in the email parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-6928"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-09-28T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "classes/admin.class.php in CubeCart 5.2.12 through 5.2.16 and 6.x before 6.0.7 does not properly validate that a password reset request was made, which allows remote attackers to change the administrator password via a recovery request with a space character in the validate parameter and the administrator email in the email parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-g8rg-59wq-2wg9",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:52:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:25:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-6928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.cubecart.com/topic/50277-critical-security-issue-admin-account-hijack"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/133535/CubeCart-6.0.6-Administrative-Bypass.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Sep/40"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1034015"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-G8RJ-9F8J-3X3W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:52Some access control products are vulnerable to a session hijacking attack because the product does not update the session ID after a user successfully logs in. To exploit the vulnerability, attackers have to request the session ID at the same time as a valid user logs in, and gain device operation permissions by forging the IP and session ID of an authenticated user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28809"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-384"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-15T19:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Some access control products are vulnerable to a session hijacking attack because the product does not update the session ID after a user successfully logs in. To exploit the vulnerability, attackers have to request the session ID at the same time as a valid user logs in, and gain device operation permissions by forging the IP and session ID of an authenticated user.",
"id": "GHSA-g8rj-9f8j-3x3w",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:52:44Z",
"published": "2023-06-15T21:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28809"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hikvision.com/en/support/cybersecurity/security-advisory/security-vulnerability-in-some-hikvision-access-control-intercom"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/174506/Hikvision-Access-Control-Session-Hijacking.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G922-26M8-JXMH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle E-Business Tax product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle E-Business Tax. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle E-Business Tax accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle E-Business Tax accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60974"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:18:31Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle E-Business Tax product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle E-Business Tax. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle E-Business Tax accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle E-Business Tax accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-g922-26m8-jxmh",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:09Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:32:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G93M-HJPW-9CJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-14 18:30Arbitrary file download vulnerabilities exist in the CLI binary of AOS-10 GW and AOS-8 Controller/Mobility Conductor operating systems. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated malicious actor to download arbitrary files through carefully constructed exploits.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-37142"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T17:15:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Arbitrary file download vulnerabilities exist in the CLI binary of AOS-10 GW and AOS-8 Controller/Mobility Conductor operating systems. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated malicious actor to download arbitrary files through carefully constructed exploits.",
"id": "GHSA-g93m-hjpw-9cj8",
"modified": "2025-10-14T18:30:29Z",
"published": "2025-10-14T18:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37142"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw04957en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G93M-HX8J-2QMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-10 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:51This HTTP Headers WordPress plugin before 1.18.11 allows arbitrary data to be written to arbitrary files, leading to a Remote Code Execution vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1208"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-10T16:15:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This HTTP Headers WordPress plugin before 1.18.11 allows arbitrary data to be written to arbitrary files, leading to a Remote Code Execution vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-g93m-hx8j-2qmq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:51:19Z",
"published": "2023-07-10T18:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1208"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/e0cc6740-866a-4a81-a93d-ff486b79b7f7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.