Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

7803 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-VW9J-PRFJ-JVHH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:15 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:49
VLAI
Details

The CMP – Coming Soon & Maintenance plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Maintenance Mode Bypass in versions up to, and including, 4.1.7. A correct cmp_bypass GET parameter in the URL (equal to the md5-hashed home_url in the default setting) allows users to visit a site placed in maintenance mode thus bypassing the plugin's provided feature.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-2159"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-09T06:16:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The CMP \u2013 Coming Soon \u0026 Maintenance plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Maintenance Mode Bypass in versions up to, and including, 4.1.7. A correct cmp_bypass GET parameter in the URL (equal to the md5-hashed home_url in the default setting) allows users to visit a site placed in maintenance mode thus bypassing the plugin\u0027s provided feature.",
  "id": "GHSA-vw9j-prfj-jvhh",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:49:31Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T21:15:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2159"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/cmp-coming-soon-maintenance/tags/4.1.6/niteo-cmp.php#L808"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2900571/cmp-coming-soon-maintenance/tags/4.1.8/cmp-advanced.php?old=2873620\u0026old_path=cmp-coming-soon-maintenance%2Ftags%2F4.1.7%2Fcmp-advanced.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/af955f69-b18c-446e-b05e-6a57a5f16dfa?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VW9M-PXV5-GCVW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:23 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:23
VLAI
Details

Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Universal Banking component in Oracle Financial Services Applications 11.3.0, 11.4.0, and 12.0.1 through 12.0.3 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via vectors related to INFRA.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-5594"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-10-25T14:31:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Universal Banking component in Oracle Financial Services Applications 11.3.0, 11.4.0, and 12.0.1 through 12.0.3 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via vectors related to INFRA.",
  "id": "GHSA-vw9m-pxv5-gcvw",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:23:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:23:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5594"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93616"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037049"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VWJ2-W4FQ-PG78

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-30 12:31 – Updated: 2025-01-30 12:31
VLAI
Details

An Improper Access Control vulnerability has been found in EmbedAI 2.1 and below. This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to show subscription's information of others users by changing the "SUSCBRIPTION_ID" param of the endpoint "/demos/embedai/subscriptions/show/".

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0739"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-30T11:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An Improper Access Control vulnerability has been found in EmbedAI 2.1 and below. This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to show subscription\u0027s information of others users by changing the \"SUSCBRIPTION_ID\" param of the endpoint \"/demos/embedai/subscriptions/show/\u003cSUSCBRIPTION_ID\u003e\".",
  "id": "GHSA-vwj2-w4fq-pg78",
  "modified": "2025-01-30T12:31:19Z",
  "published": "2025-01-30T12:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0739"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-embedai"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VWJ5-26VQ-WVX2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-06 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32
VLAI
Details

The Views for WPForms – Display & Edit WPForms Entries on your site frontend plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'create_view' function in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber access and above, to create form views.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0371"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-05T22:16:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Views for WPForms \u2013 Display \u0026 Edit WPForms Entries on your site frontend plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027create_view\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber access and above, to create form views.",
  "id": "GHSA-vwj5-26vq-wvx2",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:13Z",
  "published": "2024-02-06T00:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0371"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_path=%2Fviews-for-wpforms-lite%2Ftags%2F3.2.2\u0026old=3026471\u0026new_path=%2Fviews-for-wpforms-lite%2Ftags%2F3.2.3\u0026new=3026471\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a9565693-fd0b-4412-944c-81b3cd79492e?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VWJ5-WR4R-CQ36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-22 00:31 – Updated: 2024-02-22 00:31
VLAI
Details

An issue has been discovered in GitLab affecting all versions before 16.7.6, all versions starting from 16.8 before 16.8.3, all versions starting from 16.9 before 16.9.1. It was possible for group members with sub-maintainer role to change the title of privately accessible deploy keys associated with projects in the group.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-3509"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-21T23:15:08Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab affecting all versions before 16.7.6, all versions starting from 16.8 before 16.8.3, all versions starting from 16.9 before 16.9.1. It was possible for group members with sub-maintainer role to change the title of privately accessible deploy keys associated with projects in the group.",
  "id": "GHSA-vwj5-wr4r-cq36",
  "modified": "2024-02-22T00:31:02Z",
  "published": "2024-02-22T00:31:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3509"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2037814"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/416945"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VWMW-Q649-87FW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-17 00:30 – Updated: 2024-08-22 21:31
VLAI
Details

An issue in sanluan PublicCMS v.4.0.202302.e allows an attacker to escalate privileges via the change password function.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-31759"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-16T23:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue in sanluan PublicCMS v.4.0.202302.e allows an attacker to escalate privileges via the change password function.",
  "id": "GHSA-vwmw-q649-87fw",
  "modified": "2024-08-22T21:31:28Z",
  "published": "2024-04-17T00:30:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31759"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://1drv.ms/v/s%21AmTWEcd1YDpUjgoJ8lkA8pN8zYEJ?e=gIlbGf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/menghaining/8d424faebfe869c80eadaea12bbdd158"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/menghaining/PoC/blob/main/PublicCMS/publishCMS--PoC.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VWRF-R5R4-7775

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-06-07 19:43 – Updated: 2020-08-31 18:09
VLAI
Summary
Incorrect handling of CORS preflight request headers in hapi
Details

Versions of hapi prior to 11.0.0 implement CORS incorrectly, allowing for configurations that at best return inconsistent headers, and at worst allow cross-origin activities that are expected to be forbidden.

If the connection has CORS enabled but one route has it off, and the route is not GET, the OPTIONS prefetch request will return the default CORS headers and then the actual request will go through and return no CORS headers. This defeats the purpose of turning CORS on the route.

Recommendation

Update to version 11.0.0 or later.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "hapi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-9236"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:58:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Versions of `hapi` prior to 11.0.0 implement CORS incorrectly, allowing for configurations that at best return inconsistent headers, and at worst allow cross-origin activities that are expected to be forbidden. \n\nIf the connection has CORS enabled but one route has it off, and the route is not GET, the OPTIONS prefetch request will return the default CORS headers and then the actual request will go through and return no CORS headers. This defeats the purpose of turning CORS on the route.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 11.0.0 or later.",
  "id": "GHSA-vwrf-r5r4-7775",
  "modified": "2020-08-31T18:09:06Z",
  "published": "2018-06-07T19:43:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-9236"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hapijs/hapi/issues/2840"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hapijs/hapi/issues/2850"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vwrf-r5r4-7775"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/45"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Incorrect handling of CORS preflight request headers in hapi"
}

GHSA-VWW6-XQPQ-4V62

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:05
VLAI
Details

The Comments Like Dislike WordPress plugin before 1.1.4 allows users to like/dislike posted comments, however does not prevent them from replaying the AJAX request to add a like. This allows any user (even unauthenticated) to add unlimited like/dislike to any comment. The plugin appears to have some Restriction modes, such as Cookie Restriction, IP Restrictions, Logged In User Restriction, however, they do not prevent such attack as they only check client side

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-24379"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-21T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Comments Like Dislike WordPress plugin before 1.1.4 allows users to like/dislike posted comments, however does not prevent them from replaying the AJAX request to add a like. This allows any user (even unauthenticated) to add unlimited like/dislike to any comment. The plugin appears to have some Restriction modes, such as Cookie Restriction, IP Restrictions, Logged In User Restriction, however, they do not prevent such attack as they only check client side",
  "id": "GHSA-vww6-xqpq-4v62",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:05:47Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:05:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-24379"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/aae7a889-195c-45a3-bbe4-e6d4cd2d7fd9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-VX52-282H-FQ3G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

This issue was addressed by adding an additional prompt for user consent. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.9 and iPadOS 18.7.9, iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, macOS Sequoia 15.7.7, macOS Sonoma 14.8.7, macOS Tahoe 26.5, visionOS 26.5. An app may be able to access user-sensitive data.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28993"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T21:18:59Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "This issue was addressed by adding an additional prompt for user consent. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.9 and iPadOS 18.7.9, iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, macOS Sequoia 15.7.7, macOS Sonoma 14.8.7, macOS Tahoe 26.5, visionOS 26.5. An app may be able to access user-sensitive data.",
  "id": "GHSA-vx52-282h-fq3g",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:37Z",
  "published": "2026-05-11T21:31:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28993"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127110"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127111"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127115"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127116"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127117"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127120"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VX69-M6VF-5H26

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-15 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-15 21:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle Universal Work Queue product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Work Provider Administration). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.14. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Universal Work Queue. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Universal Work Queue accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Universal Work Queue accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-50105"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-15T20:15:46Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Universal Work Queue product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Work Provider Administration).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.14. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Universal Work Queue.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Universal Work Queue accessible data as well as  unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Universal Work Queue accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
  "id": "GHSA-vx69-m6vf-5h26",
  "modified": "2025-07-15T21:31:43Z",
  "published": "2025-07-15T21:31:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-50105"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2025.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.