CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7802 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-WXG9-M4PJ-6HVR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:32The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24272"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-31T23:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.",
"id": "GHSA-wxg9-m4pj-6hvr",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:22Z",
"published": "2025-04-01T00:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXHJ-WW34-V87F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-18 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-18 00:30Vulnerability in the Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: NextGen Installer issues). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 13.9.4.2.11. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework executes to compromise Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.3 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21894"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-18T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: NextGen Installer issues). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 13.9.4.2.11. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework executes to compromise Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.3 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-wxhj-ww34-v87f",
"modified": "2023-01-18T00:30:15Z",
"published": "2023-01-18T00:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2023.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXJF-3FX4-4H78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-29 21:30 – Updated: 2025-06-29 21:30A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Simple Company Website 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /classes/SystemSettings.php?f=update_settings. The manipulation of the argument img leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6872"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-29T21:15:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Simple Company Website 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /classes/SystemSettings.php?f=update_settings. The manipulation of the argument img leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-wxjf-3fx4-4h78",
"modified": "2025-06-29T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-06-29T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6872"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ez-lbz/poc/issues/28"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.314344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.314344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.603643"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXP4-4X8F-5V4C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-14 15:31Improper access control for some Intel(R) CIP software before version 2.4.10717 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43489"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-14T14:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control for some Intel(R) CIP software before version 2.4.10717 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-wxp4-4x8f-5v4c",
"modified": "2024-08-14T15:31:12Z",
"published": "2024-08-14T15:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01112.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXP5-9W64-PP68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-24 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:10A vulnerability has been identified in the ioLogik 4000 Series (ioLogik E4200) firmware versions v1.6 and prior, which can be exploited by malicious actors to potentially gain unauthorized access to the product. This could lead to security breaches, data theft, and unauthorized manipulation of sensitive information. The vulnerability is attributed to the presence of an unauthorized service, which could potentially enable unauthorized access to the. device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4227"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-489",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-24T06:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in the ioLogik 4000 Series (ioLogik E4200) firmware versions v1.6 and prior, which can be exploited by malicious actors to potentially gain unauthorized access to the product. This could lead to security breaches, data theft, and unauthorized manipulation of sensitive information. The vulnerability is attributed to the presence of an unauthorized service, which could potentially enable unauthorized access to the. device.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-wxp5-9w64-pp68",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:10:20Z",
"published": "2023-08-24T06:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4227"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/mpsa-230310-iologik-4000-series-multiple-web-server-vulnerabilities-and-improper-access-control-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXR5-93PH-8WR9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-28 15:34 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Commons.
A special BeanIntrospector class was added in version 1.9.2. This can be used to stop attackers from using the declared class property of Java enum objects to get access to the classloader. However this protection was not enabled by default. PropertyUtilsBean (and consequently BeanUtilsBean) now disallows declared class level property access by default.
Releases 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 address a potential security issue when accessing enum properties in an uncontrolled way. If an application using Commons BeanUtils passes property paths from an external source directly to the getProperty() method of PropertyUtilsBean, an attacker can access the enum’s class loader via the “declaredClass” property available on all Java “enum” objects. Accessing the enum’s “declaredClass” allows remote attackers to access the ClassLoader and execute arbitrary code. The same issue exists with PropertyUtilsBean.getNestedProperty(). Starting in versions 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 a special BeanIntrospector suppresses the “declaredClass” property. Note that this new BeanIntrospector is enabled by default, but you can disable it to regain the old behavior; see section 2.5 of the user's guide and the unit tests.
This issue affects Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x before 1.11.0, and 2.x before 2.0.0-M2.Users of the artifact commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils
1.x are recommended to upgrade to version 1.11.0, which fixes the issue.
Users of the artifact org.apache.commons:commons-beanutils2
2.x are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.0-M2, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.10.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.commons:commons-beanutils2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.0-M2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48734"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-28T17:37:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-28T14:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Commons.\n\n\n\nA special BeanIntrospector class was added in version 1.9.2. This can be used to stop attackers from using the declared class property of Java enum objects to get access to the classloader. However this protection was not enabled by default. PropertyUtilsBean (and consequently BeanUtilsBean) now disallows declared class level property access by default.\n\n\n\n\n\nReleases 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 address a potential security issue when accessing enum properties in an uncontrolled way. If an application using Commons BeanUtils passes property paths from an external source directly to the getProperty() method of PropertyUtilsBean, an attacker can access the enum\u2019s class loader via the \u201cdeclaredClass\u201d property available on all Java \u201cenum\u201d objects. Accessing the enum\u2019s \u201cdeclaredClass\u201d allows remote attackers to access the ClassLoader and execute arbitrary code. The same issue exists with PropertyUtilsBean.getNestedProperty().\nStarting in versions 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 a special BeanIntrospector suppresses the \u201cdeclaredClass\u201d property. Note that this new BeanIntrospector is enabled by default, but you can disable it to regain the old behavior; see section 2.5 of the user\u0027s guide and the unit tests.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x before 1.11.0, and 2.x before 2.0.0-M2.Users of the artifact commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils\n\n 1.x are recommended to upgrade to version 1.11.0, which fixes the issue.\n\n\nUsers of the artifact org.apache.commons:commons-beanutils2\n\n 2.x are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.0-M2, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-wxr5-93ph-8wr9",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:58Z",
"published": "2025-05-28T15:34:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-beanutils/commit/bd20740da25b69552ddef8523beec0837297eaf9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-beanutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/s0hb3jkfj5f3ryx6c57zqtfohb0of1g9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/06/msg00027.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/28/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Commons Improper Access Control vulnerability"
}
GHSA-WXV7-9V45-68W6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:03 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:03An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the NVIDIA libomx library (libnvomx) could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of a privileged process. This issue is rated as High because it could be used to gain local access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: Kernel-3.18. Android ID: A-31251628. References: N-CVE-2016-6790.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6790"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-12T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the NVIDIA libomx library (libnvomx) could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of a privileged process. This issue is rated as High because it could be used to gain local access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: Kernel-3.18. Android ID: A-31251628. References: N-CVE-2016-6790.",
"id": "GHSA-wxv7-9v45-68w6",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:03:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:03:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6790"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2016-12-01.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94678"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXV8-VQC5-V4J2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-07 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-15 00:01A vulnerability in the Common Execution Environment (CEE) ConfD CLI of Cisco Ultra Cloud Core - Subscriber Microservices Infrastructure (SMI) software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to escalate privileges on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient access control in the affected CLI. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating as a CEE ConfD CLI user and executing a specific CLI command. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to access privileged containers with root privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20762"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-06T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Common Execution Environment (CEE) ConfD CLI of Cisco Ultra Cloud Core - Subscriber Microservices Infrastructure (SMI) software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to escalate privileges on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient access control in the affected CLI. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating as a CEE ConfD CLI user and executing a specific CLI command. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to access privileged containers with root privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-wxv8-vqc5-v4j2",
"modified": "2022-04-15T00:01:05Z",
"published": "2022-04-07T00:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20762"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-uccsmi-prvesc-BQHGe4cm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXWJ-M72V-QHCR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-24 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-10 00:00Adobe Creative Cloud version 5.5 (and earlier) are affected by a privilege escalation vulnerability in the resources leveraged by the Setup.exe service. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to remove files and escalate privileges under the context of SYSTEM . An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability on the product installer. User interaction is required before product installation to abuse this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43019"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-23T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Creative Cloud version 5.5 (and earlier) are affected by a privilege escalation vulnerability in the resources leveraged by the Setup.exe service. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to remove files and escalate privileges under the context of SYSTEM . An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability on the product installer. User interaction is required before product installation to abuse this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-wxwj-m72v-qhcr",
"modified": "2022-08-10T00:00:23Z",
"published": "2021-11-24T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/creative-cloud/apsb21-111.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-1333"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXWR-GXWH-C78C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-28 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-28 18:31A vulnerability in the restricted security domain implementation of Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to modify the behavior of default system policies, such as quality of service (QoS) policies, on an affected system. This vulnerability is due to improper access control when restricted security domains are used to implement multi-tenancy. An attacker with a valid user account associated with a restricted security domain could exploit this vulnerability. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read, modify, or delete child policies created under default system policies, which are implicitly used by all tenants in the fabric, resulting in disruption of network traffic. Exploitation is not possible for policies under tenants that an attacker has no authorization to access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20279"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-28T17:15:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the restricted security domain implementation of Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to modify the behavior of default system policies, such as quality of service (QoS) policies, on an affected system.\u0026nbsp;This vulnerability is due to improper access control when restricted security domains are used to implement multi-tenancy. An attacker with a valid user account associated with a restricted security domain could exploit this vulnerability. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read, modify, or delete child policies created under default system policies, which are implicitly used by all tenants in the fabric, resulting in disruption of network traffic. Exploitation is not possible for policies under tenants that an attacker has no authorization to access.",
"id": "GHSA-wxwr-gxwh-c78c",
"modified": "2024-08-28T18:31:54Z",
"published": "2024-08-28T18:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20279"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-apic-cousmo-uBpBYGbq"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.