CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7802 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-WW5X-WFRC-8H99
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-30 18:31 – Updated: 2025-10-30 21:30mCarFix Motorists App version 2.3 (package name com.skytop.mcarfix), developed by Paniel Mwaura, contains improper access control vulnerabilities. Attackers may bypass verification to arbitrarily register accounts, and by tampering with sequential numeric IDs, gain unauthorized access to user data and groups. Successful exploitation could result in fake account creation, privacy breaches, and misuse of the platform.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-61118"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-30T16:15:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "mCarFix Motorists App version 2.3 (package name com.skytop.mcarfix), developed by Paniel Mwaura, contains improper access control vulnerabilities. Attackers may bypass verification to arbitrarily register accounts, and by tampering with sequential numeric IDs, gain unauthorized access to user data and groups. Successful exploitation could result in fake account creation, privacy breaches, and misuse of the platform.",
"id": "GHSA-ww5x-wfrc-8h99",
"modified": "2025-10-30T21:30:45Z",
"published": "2025-10-30T18:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kar1oz.notion.site/mCarFix-Motorists-App-2629a473ecb280ac8679c73098423cf0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WW66-27PP-XJ2V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-22 21:30A security vulnerability has been detected in Selleo Mentingo up to 2025.08.27. The affected element is an unknown function of the component Profile Picture Handler. The manipulation of the argument userAvatar leads to unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10741"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-20T12:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in Selleo Mentingo up to 2025.08.27. The affected element is an unknown function of the component Profile Picture Handler. The manipulation of the argument userAvatar leads to unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-ww66-27pp-xj2v",
"modified": "2025-09-22T21:30:19Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/KhanMarshaI/7a2e74fcb194f7d6ee7e60da4a14af7b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/KhanMarshaI/ba3e74b331ce4ab602a5a22a59aaf819"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.325068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.645385"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-WW6F-JP5H-G5HQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:55 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:55Cross-domain vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.01 SP4, 6, and 7 allows remote attackers to access restricted information from other domains via JavaScript that uses the Object data type for the value of a (1) location or (2) location.href property, related to incorrect determination of the origin of web script, aka "Window Location Property Cross-Domain Vulnerability." NOTE: according to Microsoft, CVE-2008-2948 and CVE-2008-2949 are duplicates of this issue, probably different attack vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-2947"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-06-30T22:41:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-domain vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.01 SP4, 6, and 7 allows remote attackers to access restricted information from other domains via JavaScript that uses the Object data type for the value of a (1) location or (2) location.href property, related to incorrect determination of the origin of web script, aka \"Window Location Property Cross-Domain Vulnerability.\" NOTE: according to Microsoft, CVE-2008-2948 and CVE-2008-2949 are duplicates of this issue, probably different attack vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-ww6f-jp5h-g5hq",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:55:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:55:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2008/ms08-058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43366"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/45565"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A5901"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blogs.zdnet.com/security/?p=1348"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=122479227205998\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/923508"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ph4nt0m.org-a.googlepages.com/PSTZine_0x02_0x04.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/29960"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1020382"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA08-288A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1940/references"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/2809"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-WW6V-V748-X7G9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 23:37 – Updated: 2026-03-25 20:25Summary
In openclaw@2026.2.23, sandbox network hardening blocks network=host but still allows network=container:<id>.
This can let a sandbox join another container's network namespace and reach services available in that namespace.
Preconditions and Trust Model Context
This issue requires a trusted-operator configuration path (for example setting agents.defaults.sandbox.docker.network in gateway config). It is not an unauthenticated remote exploit by itself.
Details
Current validation blocks only host, while forwarding other values to Docker create args:
validateNetworkMode(network)only rejects values inBLOCKED_NETWORK_MODES = {"host"}.buildSandboxCreateArgs(...)validates then forwardscfg.networkinto--network.- Browser sandbox helper also treats
container:as an accepted mode in network preparation.
Effective behavior:
host-> blockedcontainer:<id>-> accepted and forwarded
Impact
Type: sandbox network isolation hardening bypass.
Practical impact depends on deployment:
- Requires ability to influence trusted sandbox network config.
- Higher impact when a target container exposes privileged/internal network reachability.
Remediation
Block namespace-join style network modes (including container:<id>) for sandbox containers, and keep strict allowlisting for safe network modes.
Patch Status
Fixed on main in commit 14b6eea6e:
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/14b6eea6e
Follow-up refactor/cleanup (no policy rollback): https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/5552f9073
Publication Update (2026-02-25)
openclaw@2026.2.24 is published on npm and contains the fix commit(s) listed above. This advisory now marks >= 2026.2.24 as patched.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.2.23"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.24"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32038"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-02T23:37:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-19T22:16:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nIn `openclaw@2026.2.23`, sandbox network hardening blocks `network=host` but still allows `network=container:\u003cid\u003e`.\n\nThis can let a sandbox join another container\u0027s network namespace and reach services available in that namespace.\n\n### Preconditions and Trust Model Context\nThis issue requires a trusted-operator configuration path (for example setting `agents.defaults.sandbox.docker.network` in gateway config). It is not an unauthenticated remote exploit by itself.\n\n### Details\nCurrent validation blocks only `host`, while forwarding other values to Docker create args:\n\n- `validateNetworkMode(network)` only rejects values in `BLOCKED_NETWORK_MODES = {\"host\"}`.\n- `buildSandboxCreateArgs(...)` validates then forwards `cfg.network` into `--network`.\n- Browser sandbox helper also treats `container:` as an accepted mode in network preparation.\n\nEffective behavior:\n\n- `host` -\u003e blocked\n- `container:\u003cid\u003e` -\u003e accepted and forwarded\n\n### Impact\nType: sandbox network isolation hardening bypass.\n\nPractical impact depends on deployment:\n\n- Requires ability to influence trusted sandbox network config.\n- Higher impact when a target container exposes privileged/internal network reachability.\n\n### Remediation\nBlock namespace-join style network modes (including `container:\u003cid\u003e`) for sandbox containers, and keep strict allowlisting for safe network modes.\n\n\n### Patch Status\nFixed on `main` in commit `14b6eea6e`:\nhttps://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/14b6eea6e\n\nFollow-up refactor/cleanup (no policy rollback):\nhttps://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/5552f9073\n\n\n### Publication Update (2026-02-25)\n`openclaw@2026.2.24` is published on npm and contains the fix commit(s) listed above. This advisory now marks `\u003e= 2026.2.24` as patched.",
"id": "GHSA-ww6v-v748-x7g9",
"modified": "2026-03-25T20:25:50Z",
"published": "2026-03-02T23:37:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-ww6v-v748-x7g9"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/14b6eea6e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/5552f9073"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-sandbox-network-isolation-bypass-via-docker-network-container-parameter"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw has a sandbox network isolation bypass via docker.network=container:\u003cid\u003e"
}
GHSA-WW93-7RHP-2GF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-15 21:31 – Updated: 2025-05-15 21:31Microsoft Defender for Endpoint Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47161"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-15T20:16:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Defender for Endpoint Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-ww93-7rhp-2gf3",
"modified": "2025-05-15T21:31:34Z",
"published": "2025-05-15T21:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47161"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47161"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WWC4-7WMQ-MM63
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:57 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:57Eaton Lighting EG2 Web Control 4.04P and earlier allows remote attackers to have an unspecified impact via a modified cookie.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-2272"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-04-06T23:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Eaton Lighting EG2 Web Control 4.04P and earlier allows remote attackers to have an unspecified impact via a modified cookie.",
"id": "GHSA-wwc4-7wmq-mm63",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:57:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:57:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-16-061-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WWFP-6C8C-QG35
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-07 21:30An Improper Access Control in Ivanti EPMM before versions 12.6.1.1, 12.7.0.1, and 12.8.0.1 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to invoke arbitrary methods.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5788"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-07T16:16:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Improper Access Control in Ivanti EPMM before\u00a0versions 12.6.1.1, 12.7.0.1, and 12.8.0.1\u00a0allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to invoke arbitrary methods.",
"id": "GHSA-wwfp-6c8c-qg35",
"modified": "2026-05-07T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T18:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5788"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hub.ivanti.com/s/article/May-2026-Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Endpoint-Manager-Mobile-EPMM-Multiple-CVEs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WWGF-8WGF-PM54
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-29 03:33 – Updated: 2024-02-29 03:33A vulnerability in the access control list (ACL) programming for port channel subinterfaces of Cisco Nexus 3000 and 9000 Series Switches in standalone NX-OS mode could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to send traffic that should be blocked through an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to incorrect hardware programming that occurs when configuration changes are made to port channel member ports. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by attempting to send traffic through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access network resources that should be protected by an ACL that was applied on port channel subinterfaces.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20291"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-29T01:43:59Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the access control list (ACL) programming for port channel subinterfaces of Cisco Nexus 3000 and 9000 Series Switches in standalone NX-OS mode could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to send traffic that should be blocked through an affected device.\n\n This vulnerability is due to incorrect hardware programming that occurs when configuration changes are made to port channel member ports. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by attempting to send traffic through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access network resources that should be protected by an ACL that was applied on port channel subinterfaces.",
"id": "GHSA-wwgf-8wgf-pm54",
"modified": "2024-02-29T03:33:17Z",
"published": "2024-02-29T03:33:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20291"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-nxos-po-acl-TkyePgvL"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WWHW-GRQ6-66RJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-24 19:00 – Updated: 2024-09-30 15:30A broken access control vulnerability in the KillDupUsr_func function of spx_restservice allows an attacker to arbitrarily terminate active sessions of other users, causing a Denial-of-Service (DoS) condition. This issue affects: Lanner Inc IAC-AST2500A standard firmware version 1.10.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-44467"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-24T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A broken access control vulnerability in the KillDupUsr_func function of spx_restservice allows an attacker to arbitrarily terminate active sessions of other users, causing a Denial-of-Service (DoS) condition. This issue affects: Lanner Inc IAC-AST2500A standard firmware version 1.10.0.",
"id": "GHSA-wwhw-grq6-66rj",
"modified": "2024-09-30T15:30:43Z",
"published": "2022-10-24T19:00:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelist/blob/master/2021/44xxx/CVE-2021-44467.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nozominetworks.com/blog/vulnerabilities-in-bmc-firmware-affect-ot-iot-device-security-part-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories/CVE-2021-44467"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WWJG-R4FM-26QR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:12 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:12LoginWindow in Apple OS X before 10.10.2 does not transition to the lock-screen state immediately upon being woken from sleep, which allows physically proximate attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading the screen.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-8827"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-01-30T11:59:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "LoginWindow in Apple OS X before 10.10.2 does not transition to the lock-screen state immediately upon being woken from sleep, which allows physically proximate attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading the screen.",
"id": "GHSA-wwjg-r4fm-26qr",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:12:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:12:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-8827"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/100521"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2015/Jan/msg00003.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/HT204244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1031650"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.