Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

8430 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-X5RW-QVVP-5CGM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-02 22:50 – Updated: 2026-01-02 22:50
VLAI
Summary
Bagisto has IDOR in Customer Order Reorder Functionality
Details

Summary

An Insecure Direct Object Reference vulnerability in the customer order reorder function allows any authenticated customer to add items from another customer's order to their own shopping cart by manipulating the order ID parameter. This exposes sensitive purchase information and enables potential fraud.

Details

The vulnerability exists in the reorder method within OrderController.php. Unlike other order-related functions like view, cancel, printInvoice that properly validate customer ownership, the reorder function retrieves orders using only the order ID without verifying that the order belongs to the authenticated customer.

Code location: packages/Webkul/Shop/src/Http/Controllers/Customer/Account/OrderController.php

Exposed Route: packages/Webkul/Shop/src/Routes/customer-routes.php

Route::get('reorder/{id}', 'reorder')->name('shop.customers.account.orders.reorder');

PoC

I. Create victim account and place an order. II. Login as attacker. III. Exploit IDOR and navigate like: http://target.xxx/customer/account/orders/reorder/1 IV. Check http://target.xxx/checkout/cart and verify exploitation. V. Victim's order items are now in Attacker's cart.

PoC via curl:

curl -c cookies.txt -X POST "http://target.xxx/customer/login" -d "email=attacker@evil.com&password=123qwe"

curl -b cookies.txt "http://target.xxx/customer/account/orders/reorder/1"

curl -b cookies.txt "http://target/api/checkout/cart"

Impact

  • Information Disclosure: Attackers can discover what products other customers have purchased.
  • Potential Fraud: Attackers could potentially exploit this for social engineering or targeted attacks.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "bagisto/bagisto"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-21447"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-639"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-02T22:50:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-02T21:15:58Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nAn Insecure Direct Object Reference vulnerability in the customer order reorder function allows any authenticated customer to add items from another customer\u0027s order to their own shopping cart by manipulating the order ID parameter. This exposes sensitive purchase information and enables potential fraud.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerability exists in the reorder method within OrderController.php. Unlike other order-related functions like view, cancel, printInvoice that properly validate customer ownership, the reorder function retrieves orders using only the order ID without verifying that the order belongs to the authenticated customer.\n\nCode location: `packages/Webkul/Shop/src/Http/Controllers/Customer/Account/OrderController.php`\n\nExposed Route: `packages/Webkul/Shop/src/Routes/customer-routes.php`\n\n```php\nRoute::get(\u0027reorder/{id}\u0027, \u0027reorder\u0027)-\u003ename(\u0027shop.customers.account.orders.reorder\u0027);\n```\n\n### PoC\n\nI. Create victim account and place an order.\nII. Login as attacker.\nIII. Exploit IDOR and navigate like:  http://target.xxx/customer/account/orders/reorder/1\nIV. Check http://target.xxx/checkout/cart and verify exploitation.\nV. Victim\u0027s order items are now in Attacker\u0027s cart.\n\n###\u00a0PoC via curl:\n\n```\ncurl -c cookies.txt -X POST \"http://target.xxx/customer/login\" -d \"email=attacker@evil.com\u0026password=123qwe\"\n\ncurl -b cookies.txt \"http://target.xxx/customer/account/orders/reorder/1\"\n\ncurl -b cookies.txt \"http://target/api/checkout/cart\"\n```\n\n### Impact\n\n- **Information Disclosure:** Attackers can discover what products other customers have purchased.\n- **Potential Fraud:** Attackers could potentially exploit this for social engineering or targeted attacks.",
  "id": "GHSA-x5rw-qvvp-5cgm",
  "modified": "2026-01-02T22:50:47Z",
  "published": "2026-01-02T22:50:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bagisto/bagisto/security/advisories/GHSA-x5rw-qvvp-5cgm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21447"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bagisto/bagisto/commit/b2b1cf62577245d03a68532478cffbe321df74d3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/bagisto/bagisto"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Bagisto has IDOR in Customer Order Reorder Functionality"
}

GHSA-X5V6-PJ28-CWWM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-14 14:52 – Updated: 2026-06-09 13:09
VLAI
Summary
FlowiseAI has Mass Assignment in Tool Update Endpoint that Allows Cross-Workspace Resource Reassignment
Details

Summary

A Mass Assignment vulnerability exists in the tool update endpoint of FlowiseAI.

The endpoint allows authenticated users to modify server-controlled properties such as workspaceId, createdDate, and updatedDate when updating a tool resource.

Due to missing server-side validation and authorization checks, an attacker can manipulate the workspaceId field and reassign tools to arbitrary workspaces. This breaks tenant isolation in multi-workspace environments.

Details

The endpoint responsible for updating tools:

PUT /api/v1/tools/{toolId}

accepts a JSON request body containing tool metadata.

However, the server does not restrict which properties may be modified by the client. As a result, user-controlled request bodies can include additional fields that should normally be controlled only by the backend.

Server-controlled fields that can be manipulated include:

  1. workspaceId
  2. createdDate
  3. updatedDate

The request body is directly merged into the underlying database entity without proper DTO validation or authorization checks.

PoC

Authenticate to the Flowise interface.

Capture the request used to update a tool:

PUT /api/v1/tools/<TOOL_ID>
Content-Type: application/json

Modify the request body by injecting additional fields:

{
  "name": "aaa",
  "description": "bbb",
  "color": "linear-gradient(rgb(109,215,45), rgb(136,170,134))",
  "schema": "[]",
  "func": "",
  "iconSrc": "test",
  "workspaceId": "11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555",
  "createdDate": "1995-03-06T14:17:50.000Z",
  "updatedDate": "1995-03-06T14:17:50.000Z"
}

Send the request.

Observe that the response includes the manipulated fields:

{
  "workspaceId": "11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555",
  "createdDate": "1995-03-06T14:17:50.000Z"
}

This confirms that client-controlled values are accepted and persisted by the server.

Impact

This vulnerability allows authenticated users to manipulate internal attributes of tool resources.

Confirmed impacts include:

  • Cross-workspace reassignment of tools (workspaceId)
  • Unauthorized modification of metadata (createdDate, updatedDate)

In multi-tenant deployments, this may allow an attacker to move tools between workspaces without authorization, breaking tenant isolation boundaries.

Severity
7.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.1.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "flowise"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42862"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-639",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-14T14:52:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-08T16:16:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA Mass Assignment vulnerability exists in the tool update endpoint of FlowiseAI.\n\nThe endpoint allows authenticated users to modify server-controlled properties such as workspaceId, createdDate, and updatedDate when updating a tool resource.\n\nDue to missing server-side validation and authorization checks, an attacker can manipulate the workspaceId field and reassign tools to arbitrary workspaces. This breaks tenant isolation in multi-workspace environments.\n\n### Details\nThe endpoint responsible for updating tools:\n\n**PUT /api/v1/tools/{toolId}**\n\naccepts a JSON request body containing tool metadata.\n\nHowever, the server does not restrict which properties may be modified by the client. As a result, user-controlled request bodies can include additional fields that should normally be controlled only by the backend.\n\nServer-controlled fields that can be manipulated include:\n\n1. workspaceId\n2. createdDate\n3. updatedDate\n\nThe request body is directly merged into the underlying database entity without proper DTO validation or authorization checks.\n\n### PoC\nAuthenticate to the Flowise interface.\n\nCapture the request used to update a tool:\n\n```http\nPUT /api/v1/tools/\u003cTOOL_ID\u003e\nContent-Type: application/json\n\nModify the request body by injecting additional fields:\n\n{\n  \"name\": \"aaa\",\n  \"description\": \"bbb\",\n  \"color\": \"linear-gradient(rgb(109,215,45), rgb(136,170,134))\",\n  \"schema\": \"[]\",\n  \"func\": \"\",\n  \"iconSrc\": \"test\",\n  \"workspaceId\": \"11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555\",\n  \"createdDate\": \"1995-03-06T14:17:50.000Z\",\n  \"updatedDate\": \"1995-03-06T14:17:50.000Z\"\n}\n\n```\nSend the request.\n\nObserve that the response includes the manipulated fields:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"workspaceId\": \"11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555\",\n  \"createdDate\": \"1995-03-06T14:17:50.000Z\"\n}\n```\n\nThis confirms that client-controlled values are accepted and persisted by the server.\n\n### Impact\nThis vulnerability allows authenticated users to manipulate internal attributes of tool resources.\n\nConfirmed impacts include:\n\n- Cross-workspace reassignment of tools (workspaceId)\n- Unauthorized modification of metadata (createdDate, updatedDate)\n\nIn multi-tenant deployments, this may allow an attacker to move tools between workspaces without authorization, breaking tenant isolation boundaries.",
  "id": "GHSA-x5v6-pj28-cwwm",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T13:09:57Z",
  "published": "2026-05-14T14:52:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-x5v6-pj28-cwwm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42862"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/releases/tag/flowise%403.1.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "FlowiseAI has Mass Assignment in Tool Update Endpoint that Allows Cross-Workspace Resource Reassignment"
}

GHSA-X5X7-PVPW-W5HV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: JSSE). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 11.0.31, 17.0.19, 21.0.11, 25.0.3, 26.0.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.19 and 21.0.11; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.18. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TLS to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Note: This vulnerability can only be exploited by supplying data to APIs in the specified Component without using Untrusted Java Web Start applications or Untrusted Java applets, such as through a web service. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.3 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L).

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-46917"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:01Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: JSSE).  Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 11.0.31, 17.0.19, 21.0.11, 25.0.3, 26.0.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.19 and  21.0.11; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.18. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TLS to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Note: This vulnerability can only be exploited by supplying data to APIs in the specified Component without using Untrusted Java Web Start applications or Untrusted Java applets, such as through a web service. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.3 (Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L).",
  "id": "GHSA-x5x7-pvpw-w5hv",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:11Z",
  "published": "2026-07-22T00:31:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46917"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X62F-85RP-96QF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-24 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-24 21:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in Tmall Demo up to 20250505. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function uploadProductImage of the file tmall/admin/uploadProductImage. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-5130"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-24T20:15:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Tmall Demo up to 20250505. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function uploadProductImage of the file tmall/admin/uploadProductImage. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-x62f-85rp-96qf",
  "modified": "2025-05-24T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-05-24T21:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5130"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bdkuzma/vuln/issues/9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310209"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.310209"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.571893"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X63F-7PQQ-C59R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-26 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-02 15:30
VLAI
Details

The vRealize Log Insight contains a broken access control vulnerability. An unauthenticated malicious actor can remotely inject code into sensitive files of an impacted appliance which can result in remote code execution.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-31704"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-26T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The vRealize Log Insight contains a broken access control vulnerability. An unauthenticated malicious actor can remotely inject code into sensitive files of an impacted appliance which can result in remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-x63f-7pqq-c59r",
  "modified": "2025-04-02T15:30:30Z",
  "published": "2023-01-26T21:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31704"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://packetstorm.news/files/id/174606"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2023-0001.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/174606/VMware-vRealize-Log-Insight-Unauthenticated-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X645-2MXV-M94W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:25
VLAI
Details

cPanel before 11.52.0.13 does not prevent arbitrary file-read operations via get_information_for_applications (CPANEL-1221).

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-9291"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-01T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "cPanel before 11.52.0.13 does not prevent arbitrary file-read operations via get_information_for_applications (CPANEL-1221).",
  "id": "GHSA-x645-2mxv-m94w",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:25:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:51:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-9291"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/CL/11.52+Change+Log"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X65V-G96X-C6GW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-24 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-26 19:48
VLAI
Summary
OpenDaylight SFC Allows Unauthorized Privileged Execution via Crafted Request
Details

An issue in the Shiro-based RBAC (Role-based Access Control) mechanism of OpenDaylight Service Function Chaining (SFC) Subproject SFC Sodium-SR4 and below allows attackers to execute privileged operations via a crafted request.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.opendaylight.sfc:sfc-parent"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.10.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-29315"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-26T19:48:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-24T21:15:18Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue in the Shiro-based RBAC (Role-based Access Control) mechanism of OpenDaylight Service Function Chaining (SFC) Subproject SFC Sodium-SR4 and below allows attackers to execute privileged operations via a crafted request.",
  "id": "GHSA-x65v-g96x-c6gw",
  "modified": "2025-03-26T19:48:26Z",
  "published": "2025-03-24T21:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29315"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43959580/article/details/144794289"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/opendaylight/sfc"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenDaylight SFC Allows Unauthorized Privileged Execution via Crafted Request"
}

GHSA-X67X-54J5-HMQX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:05 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:05
VLAI
Details

Active Directory in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Server 2012 Gold and R2 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (service hang) by creating many machine accounts, aka "Active Directory Denial of Service Vulnerability."

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-3226"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-06-16T01:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Active Directory in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Server 2012 Gold and R2 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (service hang) by creating many machine accounts, aka \"Active Directory Denial of Service Vulnerability.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-x67x-54j5-hmqx",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:05:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:05:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3226"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2016/ms16-081"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036108"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X698-5HJM-W2M5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 21:36 – Updated: 2025-07-08 23:38
VLAI
Summary
pyLoad is vulnerable to attacks that bypass localhost restrictions, enabling the creation of arbitrary packages
Details

Summary

Any unauthenticated attacker can bypass the localhost restrictions posed by the application and utilize this to create arbitrary packages.

Details

Any unauthenticated attacker can bypass the localhost restrictions posed by the application and utilize this to create arbitrary packages. This is done by changing the Host header to the value of 127.0.0.1:9666.

PoC

The application has middleware that prevents access to several routes by checking whether the Host header has a specific value. We bypassed this restriction.

https://github.com/pyload/pyload/blob/4159a1191ec4fe6d927e57a9c4bb8f54e16c381d/src/pyload/webui/app/blueprints/cnl_blueprint.py#L21-L36

#: decorator
def local_check(func):
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        remote_addr = flask.request.environ.get("REMOTE_ADDR", "0")
        http_host = flask.request.environ.get("HTTP_HOST", "0")

        if remote_addr in ("127.0.0.1", "::ffff:127.0.0.1", "::1", "localhost") or http_host in (
            "127.0.0.1:9666",
            "[::1]:9666",
        ):
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            return "Forbidden", 403

    return wrapper

Below we see that the '/flash/add' endpoint uses the middleware above.

https://github.com/pyload/pyload/blob/4159a1191ec4fe6d927e57a9c4bb8f54e16c381d/src/pyload/webui/app/blueprints/cnl_blueprint.py#L56-L58C11

@bp.route("/flash/add", methods=["POST"], endpoint="add")
@local_check
def add():

Notice how we are not authorized to access this endpoint when sending a request. image

However, if we set the Host header to be 127.0.0.1:9666, we notice the request returns success. image

Checking the front end as an admin, we now see that this did indeed succeed. image

Impact

An unauthenticated user can perform actions that should only be available to authenticated users.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "pyload-ng"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.5.0b3.dev88"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-7346"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-08T21:36:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nAny unauthenticated attacker can bypass the localhost restrictions posed by the application and utilize this to create arbitrary packages.\n\n### Details\nAny unauthenticated attacker can bypass the localhost restrictions posed by the application and utilize this to create arbitrary packages. This is done by changing the `Host` header to the value of `127.0.0.1:9666`.\n\n### PoC\nThe application has middleware that prevents access to several routes by checking whether the `Host` header has a specific value. We bypassed this restriction.\n\nhttps://github.com/pyload/pyload/blob/4159a1191ec4fe6d927e57a9c4bb8f54e16c381d/src/pyload/webui/app/blueprints/cnl_blueprint.py#L21-L36\n```python\n#: decorator\ndef local_check(func):\n    @wraps(func)\n    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):\n        remote_addr = flask.request.environ.get(\"REMOTE_ADDR\", \"0\")\n        http_host = flask.request.environ.get(\"HTTP_HOST\", \"0\")\n\n        if remote_addr in (\"127.0.0.1\", \"::ffff:127.0.0.1\", \"::1\", \"localhost\") or http_host in (\n            \"127.0.0.1:9666\",\n            \"[::1]:9666\",\n        ):\n            return func(*args, **kwargs)\n        else:\n            return \"Forbidden\", 403\n\n    return wrapper\n```\n\nBelow we see that the \u0027/flash/add\u0027 endpoint uses the middleware above.\n\nhttps://github.com/pyload/pyload/blob/4159a1191ec4fe6d927e57a9c4bb8f54e16c381d/src/pyload/webui/app/blueprints/cnl_blueprint.py#L56-L58C11\n```python\n@bp.route(\"/flash/add\", methods=[\"POST\"], endpoint=\"add\")\n@local_check\ndef add():\n```\n\nNotice how we are not authorized to access this endpoint when sending a request.\n![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/44903767/294935526-64217d91-c0d1-4d8f-963f-cedfa8dc9034.png)\n\nHowever, if we set the `Host` header to be `127.0.0.1:9666`, we notice the request returns `success`.\n![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/44903767/294933755-43ad3826-0e94-4ba5-acf0-48f11670cbc6.png)\n\nChecking the front end as an admin, we now see that this did indeed succeed.\n![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/44903767/294934431-5d024c75-59dc-47b6-8887-b14ae91e320f.png)\n\n### Impact\nAn unauthenticated user can perform actions that should only be available to authenticated users.",
  "id": "GHSA-x698-5hjm-w2m5",
  "modified": "2025-07-08T23:38:45Z",
  "published": "2025-07-08T21:36:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyload/pyload/security/advisories/GHSA-x698-5hjm-w2m5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyload/pyload/commit/f4e2d12416ba2dfac7b036d5c8d6dab5461b9840"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyload/pyload"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyload/pyload/blob/4159a1191ec4fe6d927e57a9c4bb8f54e16c381d/src/pyload/webui/app/blueprints/cnl_blueprint.py#L21-L36"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pyload/pyload/blob/4159a1191ec4fe6d927e57a9c4bb8f54e16c381d/src/pyload/webui/app/blueprints/cnl_blueprint.py#L56-L58C11"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "pyLoad is vulnerable to attacks that bypass localhost restrictions, enabling the creation of arbitrary packages"
}

GHSA-X6F9-HV9R-FGQ4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 12:35 – Updated: 2025-10-23 22:22
VLAI
Summary
Magento Improper Access Control Leads to Privilege escalation
Details

Magento versions 2.4.7-p1, 2.4.6-p6, 2.4.5-p8, 2.4.4-p9 and earlier are affected by an Improper Authorization vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. A low-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and disclose minor information. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/project-community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.7-beta1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.7-p2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.6-p1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.6-p7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.5-p1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.5-p9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.4-p10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "versions": [
        "2.4.4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "versions": [
        "2.4.5"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "versions": [
        "2.4.6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "versions": [
        "2.4.7"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-39414"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-23T22:22:53Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-14T12:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Magento versions 2.4.7-p1, 2.4.6-p6, 2.4.5-p8, 2.4.4-p9 and earlier are affected by an Improper Authorization vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. A low-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and disclose minor information. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.",
  "id": "GHSA-x6f9-hv9r-fgq4",
  "modified": "2025-10-23T22:22:53Z",
  "published": "2024-08-14T12:35:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39414"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/magento/magento2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb24-61.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Magento Improper Access Control Leads to Privilege escalation"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.

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