Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5970 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-3X39-62H4-F8J6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-27 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 00:41
VLAI
Summary
Mattermost fails to properly validate OAuth state tokens during OpenID Connect authentication
Details

Mattermost versions 10.12.x <= 10.12.1, 10.11.x <= 10.11.4, 10.5.x <= 10.5.12, 11.0.x <= 11.0.3 fail to properly validate OAuth state tokens during OpenID Connect authentication which allows an authenticated attacker with team creation privileges to take over a user account via manipulation of authentication data during the OAuth completion flow. This requires email verification to be disabled (default: disabled), OAuth/OpenID Connect to be enabled, and the attacker to control two users in the SSO system with one of them never having logged into Mattermost.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.0-20251028000919-d3ed703dc833"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.12.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.12.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.11.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.11.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.5.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "11.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.0.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12419"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-303"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-01T23:56:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-27T16:15:46Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Mattermost versions 10.12.x \u003c= 10.12.1, 10.11.x \u003c= 10.11.4, 10.5.x \u003c= 10.5.12, 11.0.x \u003c= 11.0.3 fail to properly validate OAuth state tokens during OpenID Connect authentication which allows an authenticated attacker with team creation privileges to take over a user account via manipulation of authentication data during the OAuth completion flow. This requires email verification to be disabled (default: disabled), OAuth/OpenID Connect to be enabled, and the attacker to control two users in the SSO system with one of them never having logged into Mattermost.",
  "id": "GHSA-3x39-62h4-f8j6",
  "modified": "2025-12-17T00:41:08Z",
  "published": "2025-11-27T18:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12419"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/pull/34296"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/15364790cc277cfaa372693d2d5442b87f70fd42"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/364c2203de00fe0d8424b6b46d6f0eeb02a2539a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/46b5c436bb3093cc1da3fa2455f93d4c52389eee"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/c3f4818afe46a7084740e809708ae22641c76d8d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/d3ed703dc8330684952eb8d49a375bac6ea7b0c6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3x39-62h4-f8j6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Mattermost fails to properly validate OAuth state tokens during OpenID Connect authentication"
}

GHSA-3X3M-P2WX-G7CW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:48 – Updated: 2023-07-07 17:22
VLAI
Summary
Unauthenticated File Read in PHP Proxy
Details

In PHP Proxy 3.0.3, any user can read files from the server without authentication due to an index.php?q=file:/// LFI URI, a different vulnerability than CVE-2018-19246.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "athlon1600/php-proxy-app"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-19458"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-07T17:22:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-11-22T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In PHP Proxy 3.0.3, any user can read files from the server without authentication due to an `index.php?q=file:///` LFI URI, a different vulnerability than CVE-2018-19246.",
  "id": "GHSA-3x3m-p2wx-g7cw",
  "modified": "2023-07-07T17:22:21Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:48:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19458"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pentest.com.tr/exploits/PHP-Proxy-3-0-3-Local-File-Inclusion.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45780"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Unauthenticated File Read in PHP Proxy"
}

GHSA-3X4P-QXQM-7X2M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-19 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:43
VLAI
Details

The vulnerability exists in Uniview IP Camera due to identification and authentication failure at its web-based management interface. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted HTTP requests to the vulnerable device.

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain complete control of the targeted device.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0773"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-19T10:15:07Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The vulnerability exists in Uniview IP Camera due to identification and authentication failure at its web-based management interface. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted HTTP requests to the vulnerable device.\n\nSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain complete control of the targeted device.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-3x4p-qxqm-7x2m",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:43:47Z",
  "published": "2023-09-19T12:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0773"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://global.uniview.com/About_Us/Security/Notice/202309/976482_140493_0.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01\u0026VLCODE=CIVN-2023-0270"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3X57-M5P4-RGH4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-07 22:28 – Updated: 2024-06-07 22:28
VLAI
Summary
ZendOpenID potential security issue in login mechanism
Details

Using the Consumer component of ZendOpenId (or Zend_OpenId in ZF1), it is possible to login using an arbitrary OpenID account (without knowing any secret information) by using a malicious OpenID Provider. That means OpenID it is possible to login using arbitrary OpenID Identity (MyOpenID, Google, etc), which are not under the control of our own OpenID Provider. Thus, we are able to impersonate any OpenID Identity against the framework.

Moreover, the Consumer accepts OpenID tokens with arbitrary signed elements. The framework does not check if, for example, both openid.claimed_id and openid.endpoint_url are signed. It is just sufficient to sign one parameter. According to https://openid.net/specs/openid-authentication-2_0.html#positive_assertions, at least op_endpoint, return_to, response_nonce, assoc_handle, and, if present in the response, claimed_id and identity, must be signed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "zendframework/zendopenid"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-07T22:28:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Using the Consumer component of ZendOpenId (or Zend_OpenId in ZF1), it is possible to login using an arbitrary OpenID account (without knowing any secret information) by using a malicious OpenID Provider. That means OpenID it is possible to login using arbitrary OpenID Identity (MyOpenID, Google, etc), which are not under the control of our own OpenID Provider. Thus, we are able to impersonate any OpenID Identity against the framework.\n\nMoreover, the Consumer accepts OpenID tokens with arbitrary signed elements. The framework does not check if, for example, both openid.claimed_id and openid.endpoint_url are signed. It is just sufficient to sign one parameter. According to https://openid.net/specs/openid-authentication-2_0.html#positive_assertions, at least op_endpoint, return_to, response_nonce, assoc_handle, and, if present in the response, claimed_id and identity, must be signed.",
  "id": "GHSA-3x57-m5p4-rgh4",
  "modified": "2024-06-07T22:28:46Z",
  "published": "2024-06-07T22:28:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zendframework/ZendOpenId/commit/16648e1b2acf760d0c67a8c1dd913fed0c0f61f7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zendframework/ZendOpenId/commit/709789c1ca290771730133db4d8b8de2972b36ce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://framework.zend.com/security/advisory/ZF2014-02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/zendframework/zendopenid/ZF2014-02.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/zendframework/ZendOpenId"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ZendOpenID potential security issue in login mechanism"
}

GHSA-3X5Q-GXP5-WV27

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-11 15:30 – Updated: 2026-02-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

METIS DFS devices (versions <= oscore 2.1.234-r18) expose a web-based shell at the /console endpoint that does not require authentication. Accessing this endpoint allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands with 'daemon' privileges. This results in the compromise of the software, granting unauthorized access to modify configuration, read and alter sensitive data, or disrupt services.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-2249"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-11T15:16:17Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "METIS DFS devices (versions \u003c= oscore 2.1.234-r18) expose a web-based shell at the /console endpoint that does not require authentication. Accessing this endpoint allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands with \u0027daemon\u0027 privileges. This results in the compromise of the software, granting unauthorized access to modify configuration, read and alter sensitive data, or disrupt services.",
  "id": "GHSA-3x5q-gxp5-wv27",
  "modified": "2026-02-12T18:30:21Z",
  "published": "2026-02-11T15:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2249"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cydome.io/vulnerability-advisory-cve-2026-2249-unauthenticated-rce-in-metis-data-fusion-server-dfs"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.metis.tech"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3X6J-H8CP-MC44

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-21 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-27 00:01
VLAI
Details

Online Sports Complex Booking System v1.0 was discovered to allow attackers to take over user accounts via a crafted POST request.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-28106"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-20T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Online Sports Complex Booking System v1.0 was discovered to allow attackers to take over user accounts via a crafted POST request.",
  "id": "GHSA-3x6j-h8cp-mc44",
  "modified": "2022-05-27T00:01:08Z",
  "published": "2022-05-21T00:01:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28106"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2022030104"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3XCF-9P2F-MWQH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:59 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:59
VLAI
Details

phpLinkat 0.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and access unspecified pages under admin/ by sending a login=right cookie.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-3407"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-07-31T16:41:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "phpLinkat 0.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and access unspecified pages under admin/ by sending a login=right cookie.",
  "id": "GHSA-3xcf-9p2f-mwqh",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T23:59:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:59:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-3407"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/44062"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6140"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4087"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/30386"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-3XF5-6J2F-H2HR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:54 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:54
VLAI
Details

Sophos Disk Encryption (SDE) 5.x in Sophos Enterprise Console (SEC) 5.x before 5.2.2 does not enforce intended authentication requirements for a resume action from sleep mode, which allows physically proximate attackers to obtain desktop access by leveraging the absence of a login screen.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-2005"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-06-25T11:19:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Sophos Disk Encryption (SDE) 5.x in Sophos Enterprise Console (SEC) 5.x before 5.2.2 does not enforce intended authentication requirements for a resume action from sleep mode, which allows physically proximate attackers to obtain desktop access by leveraging the absence of a login screen.",
  "id": "GHSA-3xf5-6j2f-h2hr",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:54:04Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:54:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-2005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN63940326/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2014-000061"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/68169"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.sophos.com/en-us/support/knowledgebase/121066.aspx"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-423W-PCWR-HW6Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:26 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:26
VLAI
Details

EMC Network Configuration Manager (NCM) 9.3.x, EMC Network Configuration Manager (NCM) 9.4.0.x, EMC Network Configuration Manager (NCM) 9.4.1.x, EMC Network Configuration Manager (NCM) 9.4.2.x contains an Improper Authentication vulnerability that could potentially be exploited by malicious users to compromise the affected system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-2768"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-02-03T07:59:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "EMC Network Configuration Manager (NCM) 9.3.x, EMC Network Configuration Manager (NCM) 9.4.0.x, EMC Network Configuration Manager (NCM) 9.4.1.x, EMC Network Configuration Manager (NCM) 9.4.2.x contains an Improper Authentication vulnerability that could potentially be exploited by malicious users to compromise the affected system.",
  "id": "GHSA-423w-pcwr-hw6q",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:26:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:26:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2768"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/540085/30/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95936"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037761"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-423X-7GWR-Q727

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:47 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:47
VLAI
Details

Advanced Authentication versions prior to 6.3 SP4 have a potential broken authentication due to improper session management issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-22497"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-12T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Advanced Authentication versions prior to 6.3 SP4 have a potential broken authentication due to improper session management issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-423x-7gwr-q727",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:47:07Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:47:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22497"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.netiq.com/documentation/advanced-authentication-63/advanced-authentication-releasenotes-634/data/advanced-authentication-releasenotes-634.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.