Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5966 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-4HQ8-GMXX-H6W9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-06-23 17:29 – Updated: 2025-09-19 17:41
VLAI
Summary
XML Processing error in github.com/crewjam/saml
Details

Impact

There are three vulnerabilities in the go encoding/xml package that can allow an attacker to forge part of a signed XML document. For details on this vulnerability see xml-roundtrip-validator

Patches

In version 0.4.3, all XML input is validated prior to being parsed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/crewjam/saml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-27846"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-115",
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-21T20:54:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nThere are three vulnerabilities in the go `encoding/xml` package that can allow an attacker to forge part of a signed XML document. For details on this vulnerability see [xml-roundtrip-validator](https://github.com/mattermost/xml-roundtrip-validator)\n\n### Patches\n\nIn version 0.4.3, all XML input is validated prior to being parsed.",
  "id": "GHSA-4hq8-gmxx-h6w9",
  "modified": "2025-09-19T17:41:50Z",
  "published": "2021-06-23T17:29:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/crewjam/saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4hq8-gmxx-h6w9"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27846"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/crewjam/saml/commit/da4f1a0612c0a8dd0452cf8b3c7a6518f6b4d053"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1907670"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/crewjam/saml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://grafana.com/blog/2020/12/17/grafana-6.7.5-7.2.3-and-7.3.6-released-with-important-security-fix-for-grafana-enterprise"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3YUTKIRWT6TWU7DS6GF3EOANVQBFQZYI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ICP3YRY2VUCNCF2VFUSK77ZMRIC77FEM"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mattermost.com/blog/coordinated-disclosure-go-xml-vulnerabilities"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2021-0058"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210205-0002"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "XML Processing error in github.com/crewjam/saml"
}

GHSA-4HQQ-HHRV-3JRQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00
VLAI
Details

IBM Sterling File Gateway 2.2.0.0 through 6.1.1.0 could allow a remote authenticated user to cause a denial of another user's service due to insufficient permission checking. IBM X-Force ID: 195518.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20372"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-07T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Sterling File Gateway 2.2.0.0 through 6.1.1.0 could allow a remote authenticated user to cause a denial of another user\u0027s service due to insufficient permission checking. IBM X-Force ID: 195518.",
  "id": "GHSA-4hqq-hhrv-3jrq",
  "modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:16:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20372"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/195518"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6496805"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J2R-57HH-R7Q9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-11 19:00 – Updated: 2022-11-16 19:00
VLAI
Details

Improper authentication in BIOS firmware[A1] for some Intel(R) NUC Kits before version RY0386 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-37345"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-11T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper authentication in BIOS firmware[A1] for some Intel(R) NUC Kits before version RY0386 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j2r-57hh-r7q9",
  "modified": "2022-11-16T19:00:28Z",
  "published": "2022-11-11T19:00:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37345"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00752.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J38-964F-658R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01
VLAI
Details

Zoho ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus through 6101 is vulnerable to unauthenticated Remote Code Execution while changing the password.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-28958"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-25T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Zoho ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus through 6101 is vulnerable to unauthenticated Remote Code Execution while changing the password.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j38-964f-658r",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:15Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:06:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28958"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.stmcyber.com/vulns/cve-2021-28958"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pitstop.manageengine.com/portal/en/community/topic/adselfservice-plus-6102-released-with-an-important-security-fix-21-3-2021"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.manageengine.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.manageengine.com/products/self-service-password/release-notes.html#6102"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J39-XF83-XP5Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:04
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability exists in Schneider Electric's Pelco Sarix Professional in all firmware versions prior to 3.29.67 which could allow retrieving of specially crafted URLs without authentication that can reveal sensitive information to an attacker.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-7227"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-03-09T23:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability exists in Schneider Electric\u0027s Pelco Sarix Professional in all firmware versions prior to 3.29.67 which could allow retrieving of specially crafted URLs without authentication that can reveal sensitive information to an attacker.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j39-xf83-xp5q",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:04:05Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:04:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7227"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.schneider-electric.com/en/download/document/SEVD-2018-058-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J3V-43XC-7CJR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-04 09:30 – Updated: 2024-10-07 12:30
VLAI
Details

The PixelYourSite – Your smart PIXEL (TAG) & API Manager and the PixelYourSite PRO plugins for WordPress are vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 9.7.1 and 10.4.2, respectively, through publicly exposed log files. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view potentially sensitive information contained in the exposed log files, and to delete log files.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-7870"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-04T09:15:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The PixelYourSite \u2013 Your smart PIXEL (TAG) \u0026 API Manager and the PixelYourSite PRO plugins for WordPress are vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 9.7.1 and 10.4.2, respectively, through publicly exposed log files. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view potentially sensitive information contained in the exposed log files, and to delete log files.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j3v-43xc-7cjr",
  "modified": "2024-10-07T12:30:43Z",
  "published": "2024-09-04T09:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7870"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/WordpressPluginDirectory/pixelyoursite/blob/main/pixelyoursite/includes/logger/class-pys-logger.php#L126"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/pixelyoursite/trunk/includes/class-pys.php#L114"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3143047"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7fd7a515-6389-4152-8dac-d5497dd94f6d?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J59-VV55-Q6H3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-13 09:30 – Updated: 2025-06-13 21:15
VLAI
Summary
Salt's salt.auth.pki module does not properly authenticate callers
Details

The salt.auth.pki module does not properly authenticate callers. The "password" field contains a public certificate which is validated against a CA certificate by the module. This is not pki authentication, as the caller does not need access to the corresponding private key for the authentication attempt to be accepted.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3006.0rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3006.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3007.0rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3007.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-38825"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-13T21:15:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-13T07:15:20Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The salt.auth.pki module does not properly authenticate callers. The \"password\" field contains a public certificate which is validated against a CA certificate by the module. This is not pki authentication, as the caller does not need access to the corresponding private key for the authentication attempt to be accepted.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j59-vv55-q6h3",
  "modified": "2025-06-13T21:15:54Z",
  "published": "2025-06-13T09:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38825"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/commit/5ff18fd0ececdfd083ddce693c3ccef30e44f155"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/commit/d7cb64e44db5f82fd615373f5dca2eb1fb29bbab"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.saltproject.io/en/3006/topics/releases/3006.12.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.saltproject.io/en/3007/topics/releases/3007.4.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Salt\u0027s salt.auth.pki module does not properly authenticate callers"
}

GHSA-4J8V-2QMR-6M8P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-24 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-30 00:00
VLAI
Details

There is no account authentication and permission check logic in the firmware and existing apps of SiHAS's SGW-300, ACM-300, GCM-300, so unauthorized users can remotely control the device.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-26637"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-23T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "There is no account authentication and permission check logic in the firmware and existing apps of SiHAS\u0027s SGW-300, ACM-300, GCM-300, so unauthorized users can remotely control the device.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j8v-2qmr-6m8p",
  "modified": "2022-06-30T00:00:35Z",
  "published": "2022-06-24T00:00:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26637"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.krcert.or.kr/krcert/secNoticeView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=66782"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4J9X-M99X-9XM4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:33
VLAI
Details

The UI Lock feature in qBittorrent version 3.3.15 is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass, which allows Attack to gain unauthorized access to qBittorrent functions by tampering the affected flag value of the config file at the C:\Users\\Roaming\qBittorrent pathname. The attacker must change the value of the "locked" attribute to "false" within the "Locking" stanza.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-12778"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-05-09T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The UI Lock feature in qBittorrent version 3.3.15 is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass, which allows Attack to gain unauthorized access to qBittorrent functions by tampering the affected flag value of the config file at the C:\\Users\\\u003cusername\u003e\\Roaming\\qBittorrent pathname. The attacker must change the value of the \"locked\" attribute to \"false\" within the \"Locking\" stanza.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j9x-m99x-9xm4",
  "modified": "2024-03-21T03:33:36Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:45:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12778"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/qbittorrent/qBittorrent/wiki/I-forgot-my-UI-lock-password"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/%40BaYinMin/cve-2017-12778-qbittorrent-ui-lock-authentication-bypass-30959ff55ada"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/@BaYinMin/cve-2017-12778-qbittorrent-ui-lock-authentication-bypass-30959ff55ada"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://archive.is/eF2GR"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://qbittorrent.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4JCJ-7X88-M979

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-21 06:32 – Updated: 2026-06-30 03:37
VLAI
Details

A weakness has been identified in BerriAI litellm up to 1.59.8. Affected is the function UserAPIKeyAuth of the file litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/auth/user_api_key_auth_mcp.py of the component MCP Proxy. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper authentication. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-12773"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-303"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-21T04:16:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A weakness has been identified in BerriAI litellm up to 1.59.8. Affected is the function UserAPIKeyAuth of the file litellm/proxy/_experimental/mcp_server/auth/user_api_key_auth_mcp.py of the component MCP Proxy. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper authentication. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-4jcj-7x88-m979",
  "modified": "2026-06-30T03:37:07Z",
  "published": "2026-06-21T06:32:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12773"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-12773"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2491112"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/YLChen-007/3cfaad10a69d7a15e4d4d458cb53309e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-12773.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-12773"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/811282"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/372515"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/372515/cti"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.