Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5968 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-4FWW-6347-XMWG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:46 – Updated: 2024-07-30 03:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered on Sannce Smart HD Wifi Security Camera EAN 2 950004 595317 devices. By default, a mobile application is used to stream over UDP. However, the device offers many more services that also enable streaming. Although the service used by the mobile application requires a password, the other streaming services do not. By initiating communication on the RTSP port, an attacker can obtain access to the video feed without authenticating.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-20464"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-02T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered on Sannce Smart HD Wifi Security Camera EAN 2 950004 595317 devices. By default, a mobile application is used to stream over UDP. However, the device offers many more services that also enable streaming. Although the service used by the mobile application requires a password, the other streaming services do not. By initiating communication on the RTSP port, an attacker can obtain access to the video feed without authenticating.",
  "id": "GHSA-4fww-6347-xmwg",
  "modified": "2024-07-30T03:30:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:46:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-20464"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.eurofins-cybersecurity.com/news/connected-devices-baby-monitors-part-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/14"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4FXR-CQPX-Q5M7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:56 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:56
VLAI
Details

admin.php in dB Masters Multimedia Links Directory 3.1.3 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access via a certain value of the admin_log cookie.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-4584"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-01-06T22:00:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "admin.php in dB Masters Multimedia Links Directory 3.1.3 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access via a certain value of the admin_log cookie.",
  "id": "GHSA-4fxr-cqpx-q5m7",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T03:56:07Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:56:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-4584"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.org/0912-exploits/dbmastersmm-insecure.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/37985"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/61393"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/37517"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-4G56-8MC7-HPJQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:08 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31
VLAI
Details

A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft Exchange software when the software fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka 'Microsoft Exchange Memory Corruption Vulnerability'.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-0688"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-502",
      "CWE-798"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-02-11T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft Exchange software when the software fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka \u0027Microsoft Exchange Memory Corruption Vulnerability\u0027.",
  "id": "GHSA-4g56-8mc7-hpjq",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:08:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0688"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-0688"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-0688"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-20-258"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/156592/Microsoft-Exchange-2019-15.2.221.12-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/156620/Exchange-Control-Panel-Viewstate-Deserialization.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4G63-GWP6-H4R5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:05
VLAI
Details

Improper authentication vulnerability in GROWI versions prior to v4.2.20 allows a remote attacker to view the unauthorized pages without access privileges via unspecified vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20737"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-22T02:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper authentication vulnerability in GROWI versions prior to v4.2.20 allows a remote attacker to view the unauthorized pages without access privileges via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-4g63-gwp6-h4r5",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:05:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:05:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20737"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN95457785/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://weseek.co.jp/security/2021/06/14/vulnerability/growi-nosql-ingection"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-4G69-39RH-X4Q7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00
VLAI
Details

IBM Sterling File Gateway 2.2.0.0 through 6.1.1.0 could allow an authenticated user to intercept and replace a message sent by another user due to improper access controls. IBM X-Force ID: 195567.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20375"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-07T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Sterling File Gateway 2.2.0.0 through 6.1.1.0 could allow an authenticated user to intercept and replace a message sent by another user due to improper access controls. IBM X-Force ID: 195567.",
  "id": "GHSA-4g69-39rh-x4q7",
  "modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:16:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20375"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/195567"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6496803"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4G75-R3GH-96XH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 03:31 – Updated: 2026-05-04 03:31
VLAI
Details

A flaw has been found in crocodilestick Calibre-Web-Automated up to 4.0.6. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file cps/cwa_functions.py of the component Admin Endpoint. This manipulation causes missing authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through a pull request but has not reacted yet.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-7714"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-04T01:16:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw has been found in crocodilestick Calibre-Web-Automated up to 4.0.6. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file cps/cwa_functions.py of the component Admin Endpoint. This manipulation causes missing authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through a pull request but has not reacted yet.",
  "id": "GHSA-4g75-r3gh-96xh",
  "modified": "2026-05-04T03:31:28Z",
  "published": "2026-05-04T03:31:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7714"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/crocodilestick/Calibre-Web-Automated/issues/1304"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/crocodilestick/Calibre-Web-Automated/pull/1308"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/menelausx/1b45c952d352a2ebdc01cd8d5aa88e87"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/crocodilestick/Calibre-Web-Automated"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/806468"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360890"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360890/cti"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4G76-W3XW-2X6W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-14 18:03 – Updated: 2023-03-14 18:03
VLAI
Summary
Full authentication bypass if SASL authorization username is specified
Details

Impact

maddy 0.2.0 - 0.6.2 allows a full authentication bypass if SASL authorization username is specified when using the PLAIN authentication mechanisms. Instead of validating the specified authorization username, it is accepted as is after checking the credentials for the authentication username.

Patches

maddy 0.6.3 includes the fix for the bug.

Workarounds

There is no way to fix the issue without upgrading.

References

  • Commit that introduced the vulnerable code: https://github.com/foxcpp/maddy/commit/55a91a37b71210f34f98f4d327c30308fe24399a
  • Fix: https://github.com/foxcpp/maddy/commit/9f58cb64b39cdc01928ec463bdb198c4c2313a9c
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/foxcpp/maddy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.6.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-27582"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-14T18:03:22Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-13T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nmaddy 0.2.0 - 0.6.2 allows a full authentication bypass if SASL authorization username is specified when using the PLAIN authentication mechanisms. Instead of validating the specified authorization username, it is accepted as is after checking the credentials for the authentication username.\n\n### Patches\n\nmaddy 0.6.3 includes the fix for the bug. \n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no way to fix the issue without upgrading.\n\n### References\n\n* Commit that introduced the vulnerable code: https://github.com/foxcpp/maddy/commit/55a91a37b71210f34f98f4d327c30308fe24399a\n* Fix: https://github.com/foxcpp/maddy/commit/9f58cb64b39cdc01928ec463bdb198c4c2313a9c\n",
  "id": "GHSA-4g76-w3xw-2x6w",
  "modified": "2023-03-14T18:03:22Z",
  "published": "2023-03-14T18:03:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/foxcpp/maddy/security/advisories/GHSA-4g76-w3xw-2x6w"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27582"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/foxcpp/maddy/commit/55a91a37b71210f34f98f4d327c30308fe24399a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/foxcpp/maddy/commit/9f58cb64b39cdc01928ec463bdb198c4c2313a9c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/foxcpp/maddy"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/foxcpp/maddy/releases/tag/v0.6.3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Full authentication bypass if SASL authorization username is specified"
}

GHSA-4G7J-QX49-CXCP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-18 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:02
VLAI
Details

Improper authentication vulnerability in Proself Enterprise/Standard Edition Ver5.61 and earlier, Proself Gateway Edition Ver1.62 and earlier, and Proself Mail Sanitize Edition Ver1.07 and earlier allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to log in to the product's Control Panel and perform an unintended operation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-39415"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-18T10:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper authentication vulnerability in Proself Enterprise/Standard Edition Ver5.61 and earlier, Proself Gateway Edition Ver1.62 and earlier, and Proself Mail Sanitize Edition Ver1.07 and earlier allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to log in to the product\u0027s Control Panel and perform an unintended operation.",
  "id": "GHSA-4g7j-qx49-cxcp",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:02:50Z",
  "published": "2023-08-18T12:30:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39415"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN19661362"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.proself.jp/information/149"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.proself.jp/information/150"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4G9M-RFFV-H6WQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-14 21:30 – Updated: 2026-05-21 19:29
VLAI
Summary
Crabbox: authentication bypass vulnerability that allows impersonation of others by spoofing identity headers
Details

Crabbox prior to v0.12.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows non-admin shared-token callers to impersonate other owners or organizations by spoofing identity headers. Attackers can inject malicious X-Crabbox-Owner and X-Crabbox-Org headers in requests authenticated with a shared token to bypass authorization checks and access owner/org-scoped lease operations belonging to victim accounts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/openclaw/crabbox"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.12.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-8621"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-21T19:29:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-14T19:16:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Crabbox prior to v0.12.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows non-admin shared-token callers to impersonate other owners or organizations by spoofing identity headers. Attackers can inject malicious X-Crabbox-Owner and X-Crabbox-Org headers in requests authenticated with a shared token to bypass authorization checks and access owner/org-scoped lease operations belonging to victim accounts.",
  "id": "GHSA-4g9m-rffv-h6wq",
  "modified": "2026-05-21T19:29:07Z",
  "published": "2026-05-14T21:30:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8621"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/pull/70"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/commit/b657323f1d1c954cefc8444571fa6c45a8896e7f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/releases/tag/v0.12.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/crabbox-authentication-bypass-via-header-spoofing"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Crabbox: authentication bypass vulnerability that allows impersonation of others by spoofing identity headers"
}

GHSA-4GCC-5WR8-PXRJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:28 – Updated: 2022-07-01 00:01
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Hyland OnBase through 18.0.0.32 and 19.x through 19.8.9.1000. Client-side authentication is used for critical functions such as adding users or retrieving sensitive information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-25251"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-09-11T03:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Hyland OnBase through 18.0.0.32 and 19.x through 19.8.9.1000. Client-side authentication is used for critical functions such as adding users or retrieving sensitive information.",
  "id": "GHSA-4gcc-5wr8-pxrj",
  "modified": "2022-07-01T00:01:13Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:28:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25251"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Sep/16"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.