CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5969 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4CC6-4H77-4425
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-08 21:30 – Updated: 2026-01-08 21:30KAYSUS KS-WR3600 routers with firmware 1.0.5.9.1 allow authentication bypass during session validation. If any user is logged in, endpoints such as /cgi-bin/system-tool accept unauthenticated requests with empty or invalid session values. This design flaw lets attackers piggyback on another user's active session to retrieve sensitive configuration data or execute privileged actions without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68717"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-08T21:15:43Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "KAYSUS KS-WR3600 routers with firmware 1.0.5.9.1 allow authentication bypass during session validation. If any user is logged in, endpoints such as /cgi-bin/system-tool accept unauthenticated requests with empty or invalid session values. This design flaw lets attackers piggyback on another user\u0027s active session to retrieve sensitive configuration data or execute privileged actions without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-4cc6-4h77-4425",
"modified": "2026-01-08T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-01-08T21:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68717"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/actuator/cve/blob/main/KAYSUS/CVE-2025-68717.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/actuator/cve/tree/main/KAYSUS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kaysus.com/ks_wr3600__wifi_7_be3600_wireless_router.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4CFW-G6M2-82XJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:56 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:56** DISPUTED ** An issue was discovered in the org.telegram.messenger application 4.8.11 for Android. The FingerprintManager class for Biometric validation allows authentication bypass through the callback method from onAuthenticationFailed to onAuthenticationSucceeded with null, because the fingerprint API in conjunction with the Android keyGenerator class is not implemented. In other words, an attacker could authenticate with an arbitrary fingerprint. NOTE: the vendor indicates that this is not an attack of interest within the context of their threat model, which excludes Android devices on which rooting has occurred.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-15543"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-09T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** An issue was discovered in the org.telegram.messenger application 4.8.11 for Android. The FingerprintManager class for Biometric validation allows authentication bypass through the callback method from onAuthenticationFailed to onAuthenticationSucceeded with null, because the fingerprint API in conjunction with the Android keyGenerator class is not implemented. In other words, an attacker could authenticate with an arbitrary fingerprint. NOTE: the vendor indicates that this is not an attack of interest within the context of their threat model, which excludes Android devices on which rooting has occurred.",
"id": "GHSA-4cfw-g6m2-82xj",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:56:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:56:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15543"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/tanprathan/d286c0d5b02e344606287774304a1ccd"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4CJC-5MHC-FW55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-20 00:01An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the cgiserver.cgi Login functionality of reolink RLC-410W v3.0.0.136_20121102. A specially-crafted HTTP request can lead to authentication bypass. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40404"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-28T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the cgiserver.cgi Login functionality of reolink RLC-410W v3.0.0.136_20121102. A specially-crafted HTTP request can lead to authentication bypass. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-4cjc-5mhc-fw55",
"modified": "2022-04-20T00:01:46Z",
"published": "2022-01-29T00:00:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2021-1420"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4CQ8-34FV-5935
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:09 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:09Cisco NX-OS on the Nexus 1000V does not properly handle authentication for Virtual Ethernet Module (VEM) to Virtual Supervisor Module (VSM) communication, which allows remote attackers to obtain VEM access via (1) spoofed STUN packets or (2) a crafted VMware ESXi instance, aka Bug ID CSCud14832.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-1211"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-05-29T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cisco NX-OS on the Nexus 1000V does not properly handle authentication for Virtual Ethernet Module (VEM) to Virtual Supervisor Module (VSM) communication, which allows remote attackers to obtain VEM access via (1) spoofed STUN packets or (2) a crafted VMware ESXi instance, aka Bug ID CSCud14832.",
"id": "GHSA-4cq8-34fv-5935",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:09:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:09:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-1211"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityNotice/CVE-2013-1211"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4CQV-H74H-93J4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:49 – Updated: 2026-03-03 21:49OpenClaw supports Discord allowlists using either user IDs or names/tags. Name/tag matching depends on slug normalization, so different user tags can collide to the same slug and unintentionally satisfy a name-based allowlist entry.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw(npm) - Affected versions:
<= 2026.2.21-2 - Patched versions: >= 2026.2.22
What Changed
openclaw security auditnow warns on Discord name/tag allowlist entries (DM allowlists, guild/channelusers, and pairing-store entries).- Runtime authorization now prefers resolved user IDs when a configured name/tag can be resolved, without rewriting config files on disk.
- Name-based entries remain supported for compatibility.
Recommendations
- Prefer stable Discord user IDs for security-sensitive allowlists.
- Run
openclaw security auditand address warnings where practical.
Fix Commit(s)
- f97c45c5b5e0698b6667bb5f6badc0cac7dabd12
- 747bb581b3f2264495e1fec5a0727d9f2ca1b6f1
OpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.2.21-2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.22"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T21:49:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenClaw supports Discord allowlists using either user IDs or names/tags. Name/tag matching depends on slug normalization, so different user tags can collide to the same slug and unintentionally satisfy a name-based allowlist entry.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected versions: `\u003c= 2026.2.21-2`\n- Patched versions: \u003e= 2026.2.22\n\n## What Changed\n- `openclaw security audit` now warns on Discord name/tag allowlist entries (DM allowlists, guild/channel `users`, and pairing-store entries).\n- Runtime authorization now prefers resolved user IDs when a configured name/tag can be resolved, without rewriting config files on disk.\n- Name-based entries remain supported for compatibility.\n\n## Recommendations\n- Prefer stable Discord user IDs for security-sensitive allowlists.\n- Run `openclaw security audit` and address warnings where practical.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- f97c45c5b5e0698b6667bb5f6badc0cac7dabd12\n- 747bb581b3f2264495e1fec5a0727d9f2ca1b6f1\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-4cqv-h74h-93j4",
"modified": "2026-03-03T21:49:41Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T21:49:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-4cqv-h74h-93j4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/747bb581b3f2264495e1fec5a0727d9f2ca1b6f1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/f97c45c5b5e0698b6667bb5f6badc0cac7dabd12"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw has a Discord `allowFrom` slug-collision authorization bypass"
}
GHSA-4CVM-FC9F-M7W8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:46 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:46The GMP Plugin in strongSwan 4.2.0 through 4.6.3 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via a (1) empty or (2) zeroed RSA signature, aka "RSA signature verification vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-2388"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-06-27T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The GMP Plugin in strongSwan 4.2.0 through 4.6.3 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via a (1) empty or (2) zeroed RSA signature, aka \"RSA signature verification vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-4cvm-fc9f-m7w8",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:46:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:46:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/76013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2012-06/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/82587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/49315"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/49336"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/49370"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/55051"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/53752"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1027110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.strongswan.org/blog/2012/05/31/strongswan-4.6.4-released-%28cve-2012-2388%29.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4CXV-RQ6W-3PPQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-11 00:02 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:01YzmCMS v6.3 is affected by broken access control. Without login, unauthorized access to the user's personal home page can be realized. It is necessary to judge the user's login status before accessing the personal home page, but the vulnerability can access other users' home pages through the non login status because real authentication is not carried out.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23383"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-10T17:45:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "YzmCMS v6.3 is affected by broken access control. Without login, unauthorized access to the user\u0027s personal home page can be realized. It is necessary to judge the user\u0027s login status before accessing the personal home page, but the vulnerability can access other users\u0027 home pages through the non login status because real authentication is not carried out.",
"id": "GHSA-4cxv-rq6w-3ppq",
"modified": "2022-03-17T00:01:27Z",
"published": "2022-03-11T00:02:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23383"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://down.chinaz.com/soft/37810.htm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cnvd.org.cn/user/myreport/6499961"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://yzmcms.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4F22-7H3G-C989
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-09 12:30 – Updated: 2025-10-08 12:30An Improper Authentication vulnerability in Korenix JetNet TFTP allows abuse of this service. This issue affects JetNet devices older than firmware version 2024/01.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-09T10:15:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Improper Authentication vulnerability in Korenix JetNet TFTP allows abuse of this service.\u00a0This issue affects JetNet devices older than firmware version 2024/01.",
"id": "GHSA-4f22-7h3g-c989",
"modified": "2025-10-08T12:30:26Z",
"published": "2024-01-09T12:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cyberdanube.com/en/en-multiple-vulnerabilities-in-korenix-jetnet-series"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.beijerelectronics.com/en/support/Help___online?docId=69947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176550/Korenix-JetNet-Series-Unauthenticated-Access.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jan/11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4F53-XH3V-G8X4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-17 17:31 – Updated: 2024-08-07 12:31Keycloak does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication. A password-authed attacker could use this flaw to register a false second auth factor, alongside the existing one, to a targeted account. The second factor then permits step-up authentication.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-services"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "22.0.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-services"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "23.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "24.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3597"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-288"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-17T17:31:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-25T13:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Keycloak does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication. A password-authed attacker could use this flaw to register a false second auth factor, alongside the existing one, to a targeted account. The second factor then permits step-up authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4",
"modified": "2024-08-07T12:31:28Z",
"published": "2024-04-17T17:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3597"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/commit/aa634aee882892960a526e49982806e103c8a432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Keycloak secondary factor bypass in step-up authentication"
}
GHSA-4F5X-FXPP-VM4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:51 – Updated: 2025-04-09 04:16myPhile 1.2.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via an empty password. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-4095"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-11-29T13:07:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "myPhile 1.2.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via an empty password. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-4f5x-fxpp-vm4x",
"modified": "2025-04-09T04:16:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:51:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-4095"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/54350"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://companionway.net/files/myphile"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/37322"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/3289"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.