Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5966 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6R8M-7Q26-8WCC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-04 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:47
VLAI
Details

A weak authentication vulnerability [CWE-1390] in FortiNAC-F version 7.2.0, FortiNAC version 9.4.2 and below, 9.2 all versions, 9.1 all versions, 8.8 all versions, 8.7 all versions in device registration page may allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform password spraying attacks with an increased chance of success.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-45860"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1390",
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-03T22:15:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A weak authentication vulnerability [CWE-1390] in FortiNAC-F version 7.2.0, FortiNAC version 9.4.2 and below, 9.2 all versions, 9.1 all versions, 8.8 all versions, 8.7 all versions in device registration page may allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform password spraying attacks with an increased chance of success.",
  "id": "GHSA-6r8m-7q26-8wcc",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T03:47:36Z",
  "published": "2023-05-04T00:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45860"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-464"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6R8V-WW3C-GRVH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-23 00:03
VLAI
Details

Improper authentication vulnerability in the communication protocol provided by AD (Automation Design) server of CENTUM VP R6.01.10 to R6.09.00, CENTUM VP Small R6.01.10 to R6.09.00, CENTUM VP Basic R6.01.10 to R6.09.00, and B/M9000 VP R8.01.01 to R8.03.01 allows an attacker to use the functions provided by AD server. This may lead to leakage or tampering of data managed by AD server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-26034"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-15T02:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper authentication vulnerability in the communication protocol provided by AD (Automation Design) server of CENTUM VP R6.01.10 to R6.09.00, CENTUM VP Small R6.01.10 to R6.09.00, CENTUM VP Basic R6.01.10 to R6.09.00, and B/M9000 VP R8.01.01 to R8.03.01 allows an attacker to use the functions provided by AD server. This may lead to leakage or tampering of data managed by AD server.",
  "id": "GHSA-6r8v-ww3c-grvh",
  "modified": "2022-04-23T00:03:22Z",
  "published": "2022-04-16T00:00:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26034"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/vu/JVNVU99204686/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.yokogawa.com/library/resources/white-papers/yokogawa-security-advisory-report-list"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6R93-82VQ-9W4W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Veritas Backup Exec before 21.2. The communication between a client and an Agent requires successful authentication, which is typically completed over a secure TLS communication. However, due to a vulnerability in the SHA Authentication scheme, an attacker is able to gain unauthorized access and complete the authentication process. Subsequently, the client can execute data management protocol commands on the authenticated connection. The attacker could use one of these commands to execute an arbitrary command on the system using system privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-27878"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-01T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Veritas Backup Exec before 21.2. The communication between a client and an Agent requires successful authentication, which is typically completed over a secure TLS communication. However, due to a vulnerability in the SHA Authentication scheme, an attacker is able to gain unauthorized access and complete the authentication process. Subsequently, the client can execute data management protocol commands on the authenticated connection. The attacker could use one of these commands to execute an arbitrary command on the system using system privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-6r93-82vq-9w4w",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:03Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:43:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27878"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-27878"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.veritas.com/content/support/en_US/security/VTS21-001#issue3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/168506/Veritas-Backup-Exec-Agent-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6R95-2Q8Q-G3C2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:46 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:46
VLAI
Details

In Enterprise Networking Operating System (ENOS) in Lenovo and IBM RackSwitch and BladeCenter products, an authentication bypass known as "HP Backdoor" was discovered during a Lenovo security audit in the serial console, Telnet, SSH, and Web interfaces. This bypass mechanism can be accessed when performing local authentication under specific circumstances. If exploited, admin-level access to the switch is granted.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-3765"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-01-10T18:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Enterprise Networking Operating System (ENOS) in Lenovo and IBM RackSwitch and BladeCenter products, an authentication bypass known as \"HP Backdoor\" was discovered during a Lenovo security audit in the serial console, Telnet, SSH, and Web interfaces. This bypass mechanism can be accessed when performing local authentication under specific circumstances. If exploited, admin-level access to the switch is granted.",
  "id": "GHSA-6r95-2q8q-g3c2",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:46:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:46:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-3765"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-16095"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040296"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6RF4-W9FV-4378

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:06 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:06
VLAI
Details

IBM DB2 9.7, 10,1, 10.5, and 11.1 is vulnerable to an unauthorized command that allows the database to be activated when authentication type is CLIENT. IBM X-Force ID: 129830.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-1520"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-09-12T21:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM DB2 9.7, 10,1, 10.5, and 11.1 is vulnerable to an unauthorized command that allows the database to be activated when authentication type is CLIENT. IBM X-Force ID: 129830.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rf4-w9fv-4378",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T01:06:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:06:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1520"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/129830"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22007186"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100684"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039308"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6RFV-H5V8-CJ7G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-31 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-07 21:33
VLAI
Summary
jeecg-boot vulnerable to improper authentication
Details

A vulnerability was found in jeecg-boot 3.5.0 that affects some unknown processing of the component API Documentation. The manipulation leads to improper authentication because the software does not prove or insufficiently proves that an identity claim is correct when an actor claims to have a given identity. The attack may be initiated remotely and the exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jeecgframework.boot:jeecg-boot-parent"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "3.5.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1784"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-07T21:33:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-31T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in jeecg-boot 3.5.0 that affects some unknown processing of the component API Documentation. The manipulation leads to improper authentication because the software does not prove or insufficiently proves that an identity claim is correct when an actor claims to have a given identity. The attack may be initiated remotely and the exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rfv-h5v8-cj7g",
  "modified": "2023-04-07T21:33:30Z",
  "published": "2023-03-31T21:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1784"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jeecgboot/jeecg-boot"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://note.youdao.com/ynoteshare/index.html?id=7eb8fc804ea3544d8add43749a09173e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.224699"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.224699"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "jeecg-boot vulnerable to improper authentication "
}

GHSA-6RHM-CMWF-2594

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-08 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-12 21:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Royale Event Management System 1.0. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /royal_event/userregister.php. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. The attack may be initiated remotely. The identifier VDB-195785 was assigned to this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-1101"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-07T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Royale Event Management System 1.0. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /royal_event/userregister.php. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. The attack may be initiated remotely. The identifier VDB-195785 was assigned to this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rhm-cmwf-2594",
  "modified": "2023-01-12T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2023-01-08T00:30:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1101"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.195785"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.195785"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6RHQ-RX45-FHHP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-10 21:32
VLAI
Details

The miniOrange Social Login and Register (Discord, Google, Twitter, LinkedIn) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass leading to account takeover in versions up to and including 7.7.0. This is due to the Profile Completion flow accepting an arbitrary email address via the 'email_field' POST parameter without verifying that the email belongs to the identity returned by the OAuth provider, combined with send_otp_token() returning the SHA-512(customer_key || otp) transaction hash to the client where the OTP space is only 99,000 values (wp_rand(1000, 99999)) and the customer_key is a static option (empty on unregistered installs). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to trigger an OTP email to an arbitrary admin's address, crack the OTP offline from the leaked hash in under a second, and submit the cracked OTP to mo_openid_social_login_validate_otp(), which logs the attacker in as the user whose email was supplied — granting full administrator access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-12761"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T21:16:53Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The miniOrange Social Login and Register (Discord, Google, Twitter, LinkedIn) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass leading to account takeover in versions up to and including 7.7.0. This is due to the Profile Completion flow accepting an arbitrary email address via the \u0027email_field\u0027 POST parameter without verifying that the email belongs to the identity returned by the OAuth provider, combined with send_otp_token() returning the SHA-512(customer_key || otp) transaction hash to the client where the OTP space is only 99,000 values (wp_rand(1000, 99999)) and the customer_key is a static option (empty on unregistered installs). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to trigger an OTP email to an arbitrary admin\u0027s address, crack the OTP offline from the leaked hash in under a second, and submit the cracked OTP to mo_openid_social_login_validate_otp(), which logs the attacker in as the user whose email was supplied \u2014 granting full administrator access.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rhq-rx45-fhhp",
  "modified": "2026-07-10T21:32:34Z",
  "published": "2026-07-10T21:32:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12761"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/miniorange-login-openid/tags/7.7.0/class-mo-openid-login-widget.php#L1502"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/miniorange-login-openid/tags/7.7.0/mo-openid-social-login-functions.php#L34"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/miniorange-login-openid/tags/7.7.0/view/profile_completion/mo_openid_prof_comp_funct.php#L191"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/miniorange-login-openid/tags/7.7.0/view/profile_completion/mo_openid_prof_comp_funct.php#L41"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3592642"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a56b59ce-29c2-4172-b703-a06d7bb28da0?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6RJW-8MV2-7M5V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:36
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the Ultra Automation Service (UAS) of the Cisco Ultra Services Framework could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to gain unauthorized access to a targeted device. The vulnerability is due to an insecure default configuration of the Apache ZooKeeper service used by the affected software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by accessing the affected device through the orchestrator network. An exploit could allow the attacker to gain access to ZooKeeper data nodes (znodes) and influence the behavior of the system's high-availability feature. This vulnerability affects all releases of Cisco Ultra Services Framework UAS prior to Releases 5.0.3 and 5.1. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvd29395.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-6711"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-07-06T00:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the Ultra Automation Service (UAS) of the Cisco Ultra Services Framework could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to gain unauthorized access to a targeted device. The vulnerability is due to an insecure default configuration of the Apache ZooKeeper service used by the affected software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by accessing the affected device through the orchestrator network. An exploit could allow the attacker to gain access to ZooKeeper data nodes (znodes) and influence the behavior of the system\u0027s high-availability feature. This vulnerability affects all releases of Cisco Ultra Services Framework UAS prior to Releases 5.0.3 and 5.1. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvd29395.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rjw-8mv2-7m5v",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:31Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:36:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6711"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170705-uas"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99440"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6RMR-87CV-5H7F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-06 09:30 – Updated: 2023-12-12 21:31
VLAI
Details

The Bluetooth module of some Huawei Smart Screen products has an identity authentication bypass vulnerability. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may allow attackers to access restricted functions. 

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may allow attackers to access restricted functions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-6514"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-06T09:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "\nThe Bluetooth module of some Huawei Smart Screen products has an identity authentication bypass vulnerability. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may allow attackers to access restricted functions.\u00a0\n\nSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability may allow attackers to access restricted functions.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-6rmr-87cv-5h7f",
  "modified": "2023-12-12T21:31:07Z",
  "published": "2023-12-06T09:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6514"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/2023/huawei-sa-ibvishssp-4bf951d4-en"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.