CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5968 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7HJG-JW54-WCJ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:46 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:46Platform sample code firmware in 4th Generation Intel Core Processor, 5th Generation Intel Core Processor, 6th Generation Intel Core Processor, 7th Generation Intel Core Processor and 8th Generation Intel Core Processor contains a logic error which may allow physical attacker to potentially bypass firmware authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12169"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-21T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Platform sample code firmware in 4th Generation Intel Core Processor, 5th Generation Intel Core Processor, 6th Generation Intel Core Processor, 7th Generation Intel Core Processor and 8th Generation Intel Core Processor contains a logic error which may allow physical attacker to potentially bypass firmware authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-7hjg-jw54-wcj9",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:46:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:46:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://edk2-docs.gitbooks.io/security-advisory/content/unauthenticated-firmware-chain-of-trust-bypass.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/solutions/LEN-20527"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105387"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7HJQ-W7JV-VGV5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:03In Versa Director, the un-authentication request found.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16496"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-26T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Versa Director, the un-authentication request found.",
"id": "GHSA-7hjq-w7jv-vgv5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:03:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1168193"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7J5V-9V3J-PHG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2025-05-22 21:30Medtronic MyCareLink Smart 25000 all versions contain an authentication protocol vuln where the method used to auth between MCL Smart Patient Reader and MyCareLink Smart mobile app is vulnerable to bypass. This vuln allows attacker to use other mobile device or malicious app on smartphone to auth to the patient’s Smart Reader, fools the device into thinking its communicating with the actual smart phone application when executed in range of Bluetooth.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25183"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-14T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Medtronic MyCareLink Smart 25000 all versions contain an authentication protocol vuln where the method used to auth between MCL Smart Patient Reader and MyCareLink Smart mobile app is vulnerable to bypass. This vuln allows attacker to use other mobile device or malicious app on smartphone to auth to the patient\u2019s Smart Reader, fools the device into thinking its communicating with the actual smart phone application when executed in range of Bluetooth.",
"id": "GHSA-7j5v-9v3j-phg6",
"modified": "2025-05-22T21:30:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://global.medtronic.com/xg-en/product-security/security-bulletins/mycarelink-smart-security-vulnerability-patch.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsma-20-345-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-medical-advisories/icsma-20-345-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7J6W-P859-464F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 20:30 – Updated: 2025-03-13 21:40Summary
the vulnerability is that users (such as resellers or customers) are able to create accounts with the same email address as an existing account (e.g., if the admin has admin@froxlor.com, others can also create an account using the same email). This creates potential issues with account identification and security.
Impact
Local/Authenticated: This vulnerability can be exploited by authenticated users (e.g., reseller, customer) who can create accounts with the same email address that has already been used by another account, such as the admin. Email-based: The attack vector is email-based, as the system does not prevent multiple accounts from registering the same email address, leading to possible conflicts and security issues.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.2.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "froxlor/froxlor"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-29773"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-11T20:30:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-13T17:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nthe vulnerability is that users (such as resellers or customers) are able to create accounts with the same email address as an existing account (e.g., if the admin has [admin@froxlor.com](mailto:admin@froxlor.com), others can also create an account using the same email). This creates potential issues with account identification and security.\n\n### Impact\nLocal/Authenticated: This vulnerability can be exploited by authenticated users (e.g., reseller, customer) who can create accounts with the same email address that has already been used by another account, such as the admin.\nEmail-based: The attack vector is email-based, as the system does not prevent multiple accounts from registering the same email address, leading to possible conflicts and security issues.",
"id": "GHSA-7j6w-p859-464f",
"modified": "2025-03-13T21:40:43Z",
"published": "2025-03-11T20:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/froxlor/Froxlor/security/advisories/GHSA-7j6w-p859-464f"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29773"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/froxlor/Froxlor/commit/a43d53d54034805e3e404702a01312fa0c40b623"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/froxlor/Froxlor"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mega.nz/file/h8oFHQrL#I4V02_BWee4CCx7OoBl_2Ufkd5Wc7fvs5aCatGApkoQ"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Froxlor allows Multiple Accounts to Share the Same Email Address Leading to Potential Privilege Escalation or Account Takeover"
}
GHSA-7J7J-66CV-M239
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-25 18:31 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:26Impact
ZITADEL provides users the possibility to use Time-based One-Time-Password (TOTP) and One-Time-Password (OTP) through SMS and Email.
While ZITADEL already gives administrators the option to define a Lockout Policy with a maximum amount of failed password check attempts, there was no such mechanism for (T)OTP checks.
Patches
2.x versions are fixed on >= 2.50.0
Workarounds
There is no workaround since a patch is already available.
References
None
Questions
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at security@zitadel.com
Credits
Thanks to Jack Moran from Layer 9 Information Security, Ethan from zxsecurity and Amit Laish from GE Vernova for finding and reporting the vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/zitadel/zitadel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.50.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32868"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-297",
"CWE-307"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-25T18:31:31Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-26T00:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nZITADEL provides users the possibility to use Time-based One-Time-Password (TOTP) and One-Time-Password (OTP) through SMS and Email.\n\nWhile ZITADEL already gives administrators the option to define a `Lockout Policy` with a maximum amount of failed password check attempts, there was no such mechanism for (T)OTP checks.\n\n### Patches\n2.x versions are fixed on \u003e= [2.50.0](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.50.0)\n\n### Workarounds\nThere is no workaround since a patch is already available.\n\n### References\nNone\n\n### Questions\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [security@zitadel.com](mailto:security@zitadel.com)\n\n### Credits\n\nThanks to Jack Moran from Layer 9 Information Security, Ethan from zxsecurity and Amit Laish from GE Vernova for finding and reporting the vulnerability. \n",
"id": "GHSA-7j7j-66cv-m239",
"modified": "2024-11-18T16:26:40Z",
"published": "2024-04-25T18:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-7j7j-66cv-m239"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32868"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.50.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "ZITADEL\u0027s Improper Lockout Mechanism Leads to MFA Bypass"
}
GHSA-7J8R-P4GV-87R9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:48Rockwell Automation's FactoryTalk System Services does not verify that a backup configuration archive is password protected.
Improper authorization in FTSSBackupRestore.exe may lead to the loading of malicious configuration archives. This vulnerability may allow a local, authenticated non-admin user to craft a malicious backup archive, without password protection, that will be loaded by FactoryTalk System Services as a valid backup when a restore procedure takes places. User interaction is required for this vulnerability to be successfully exploited.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2638"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-13T21:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\nRockwell Automation\u0027s FactoryTalk System Services does not verify that a backup configuration archive is password protected.\n\n\u00a0\n\nImproper authorization in FTSSBackupRestore.exe may lead to the loading of malicious configuration archives.\u00a0 This vulnerability may allow a local, authenticated non-admin user to craft a malicious backup archive, without password protection, that will be loaded by FactoryTalk System Services as a valid backup when a restore procedure takes places. User interaction is required for this vulnerability to be successfully exploited.\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-7j8r-p4gv-87r9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:48:03Z",
"published": "2023-06-13T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rockwellautomation.custhelp.com/app/answers/answer_view/a_id/1139683"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7J96-R4RJ-9XQH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:32 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:32The authentication functionality in EMC RSA Authentication Agent 7.1 and RSA Authentication Client 3.5 on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, when an unspecified configuration exists, allows remote authenticated users to bypass an intended token-authentication step, and establish a login session to a remote host, by leveraging Windows credentials for that host.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-2287"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-09-25T11:07:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The authentication functionality in EMC RSA Authentication Agent 7.1 and RSA Authentication Client 3.5 on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, when an unspecified configuration exists, allows remote authenticated users to bypass an intended token-authentication step, and establish a login session to a remote host, by leveraging Windows credentials for that host.",
"id": "GHSA-7j96-r4rj-9xqh",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:32:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:32:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/78802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-09/0102.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/55662"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7JC6-P5M2-4PFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-05 12:31 – Updated: 2024-09-05 12:31This vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain APIs access of the Manager.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5957"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-305"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-05T11:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain APIs access of the Manager.",
"id": "GHSA-7jc6-p5m2-4pfv",
"modified": "2024-09-05T12:31:16Z",
"published": "2024-09-05T12:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://thrive.trellix.com/s/article/000013870"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7JVQ-85F2-47XG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-16 18:30 – Updated: 2025-03-16 18:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in IROAD Dash Cam X5 and Dash Cam X6 up to 20250308. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component API Endpoint. The manipulation leads to missing authentication. The attack may be launched remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2344"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-16T18:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in IROAD Dash Cam X5 and Dash Cam X6 up to 20250308. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component API Endpoint. The manipulation leads to missing authentication. The attack may be launched remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-7jvq-85f2-47xg",
"modified": "2025-03-16T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2025-03-16T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/geo-chen/IROAD#finding-4-remotely-dump-video-footage-and-live-video-stream"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.299810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.299810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.516882"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7JXW-RMVP-2543
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:18 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:18An issue was discovered on NETGEAR Orbi Tri-Band Business WiFi Add-on Satellite (SRS60) AC3000 V2.5.1.106, Outdoor Satellite (RBS50Y) V2.5.1.106, and Pro Tri-Band Business WiFi Router (SRR60) AC3000 V2.5.1.106. The administrative SOAP interface allows an unauthenticated remote write of arbitrary Wi-Fi configuration data such as authentication details (e.g., the Web-admin password), network settings, DNS settings, system administration interface configuration, etc.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-11551"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-05-18T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on NETGEAR Orbi Tri-Band Business WiFi Add-on Satellite (SRS60) AC3000 V2.5.1.106, Outdoor Satellite (RBS50Y) V2.5.1.106, and Pro Tri-Band Business WiFi Router (SRR60) AC3000 V2.5.1.106. The administrative SOAP interface allows an unauthenticated remote write of arbitrary Wi-Fi configuration data such as authentication details (e.g., the Web-admin password), network settings, DNS settings, system administration interface configuration, etc.",
"id": "GHSA-7jxw-rmvp-2543",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:18:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:18:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11551"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/modzero/MZ-20-02-NETGEAR-Orbi-Security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.modzero.com/advisories/MZ-20-02-Netgear-Orbi-Pro-Security.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.modzero.com/modlog/archives/2020/05/18/how_netgear_meshed_up_wifi_for_business/index.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.