CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5996 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9FWJ-9MJF-RHJ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-17 15:07 – Updated: 2025-05-17 15:07Overview Session cookies of applications using the laravel-auth0 SDK configured with CookieStore have authentication tags that can be brute forced, which may result in unauthorized access.
Am I Affected?
You are affected by this vulnerability if you meet the following pre-conditions:
1. Applications using laravel-auth0 SDK with version <=7.16.0
2. laravel-auth0 SDK uses the Auth0-PHP SDK with version 8.0.0-BETA1 or higher and below 8.14.0.
3. Session storage configured with CookieStore.
Fix Upgrade Auth0/laravel-auth0 to v7.17.0. As an additional precautionary measure, we recommend rotating your cookie encryption keys. Note that once updated, any previous session cookies will be rejected.
Acknowledgement Okta would like to thank Félix Charette for discovering this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "auth0/login"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.17.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-17T15:07:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "**Overview**\nSession cookies of applications using the laravel-auth0 SDK configured with CookieStore have authentication tags that can be brute forced, which may result in unauthorized access.\n\n**Am I Affected?**\nYou are affected by this vulnerability if you meet the following pre-conditions:\n1. Applications using laravel-auth0 SDK with version \u003c=7.16.0\n2. laravel-auth0 SDK uses the Auth0-PHP SDK with version 8.0.0-BETA1 or higher and below 8.14.0. \n3. Session storage configured with CookieStore.\n\n**Fix**\nUpgrade Auth0/laravel-auth0 to v7.17.0. As an additional precautionary measure, we recommend rotating your cookie encryption keys. Note that once updated, any previous session cookies will be rejected.\n\n**Acknowledgement**\nOkta would like to thank F\u00e9lix Charette for discovering this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-9fwj-9mjf-rhj3",
"modified": "2025-05-17T15:07:55Z",
"published": "2025-05-17T15:07:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/laravel-auth0/security/advisories/GHSA-9fwj-9mjf-rhj3"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47275"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/laravel-auth0/commit/be2c59adb476c49945dcc55741a54c7a68c1741d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/laravel-auth0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/auth0/laravel-auth0/releases/tag/7.17.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "laravel-auth0 SDK Vulnerable to Brute Force Authentication Tags of CookieStore Sessions"
}
GHSA-9FXX-GW59-Q7W5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-21 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-21 18:31An issue in Roadcute API v.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the application exposing a password reset API endpoint that fails to validate the identity of the requester properly
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-52395"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-21T16:15:33Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in Roadcute API v.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the application exposing a password reset API endpoint that fails to validate the identity of the requester properly",
"id": "GHSA-9fxx-gw59-q7w5",
"modified": "2025-08-21T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2025-08-21T18:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Arakiba/CVEs/tree/main/CVE-2025-52395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.roadcube.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9G3G-MQ9X-9VQQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:24 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:24The "iCloud Find My Mac" feature in Apple OS X before 10.10 does not properly enforce rate limiting of lost-mode PIN entry, which makes it easier for physically proximate attackers to obtain access via a brute-force attack involving a series of reboots.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-4435"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-18T01:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The \"iCloud Find My Mac\" feature in Apple OS X before 10.10 does not properly enforce rate limiting of lost-mode PIN entry, which makes it easier for physically proximate attackers to obtain access via a brute-force attack involving a series of reboots.",
"id": "GHSA-9g3g-mq9x-9vqq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:24:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:24:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-4435"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/97636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT6535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2014-10/0101.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/70638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1031063"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9G43-4P8P-G9G5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-14 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:28A vulnerability in the web conferencing component of Mitel MiCollab through 9.6.2.9 could allow an unauthenticated attacker to download a shared file via a crafted request - including the exact path and filename - due to improper authentication control. A successful exploit could allow access to sensitive information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25597"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-14T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web conferencing component of Mitel MiCollab through 9.6.2.9 could allow an unauthenticated attacker to download a shared file via a crafted request - including the exact path and filename - due to improper authentication control. A successful exploit could allow access to sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-9g43-4p8p-g9g5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:28:45Z",
"published": "2023-04-14T21:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25597"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-23-0002"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9G52-94MH-627C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:35 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:35In EMC Avamar Server Software 7.3.1-125, 7.3.0-233, 7.3.0-226, 7.2.1-32, 7.2.1-31, 7.2.0-401, an unauthenticated remote attacker may potentially bypass the authentication process to gain access to the system maintenance page. This may be exploited by an attacker to view sensitive information, perform software updates, or run maintenance workflows.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-4989"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-21T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In EMC Avamar Server Software 7.3.1-125, 7.3.0-233, 7.3.0-226, 7.2.1-32, 7.2.1-31, 7.2.0-401, an unauthenticated remote attacker may potentially bypass the authentication process to gain access to the system maintenance page. This may be exploited by an attacker to view sensitive information, perform software updates, or run maintenance workflows.",
"id": "GHSA-9g52-94mh-627c",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:35:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:35:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-4989"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/540754/30/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99243"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038718"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9G5R-3VRR-XFCM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-13 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) 8.8.15 and 9.0 has mboximport functionality that receives a ZIP archive and extracts files from it. By bypassing authentication (i.e., not having an authtoken), an attacker can upload arbitrary files to the system, leading to directory traversal and remote code execution. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-27925.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37042"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-12T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) 8.8.15 and 9.0 has mboximport functionality that receives a ZIP archive and extracts files from it. By bypassing authentication (i.e., not having an authtoken), an attacker can upload arbitrary files to the system, leading to directory traversal and remote code execution. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-27925.",
"id": "GHSA-9g5r-3vrr-xfcm",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:35Z",
"published": "2022-08-13T00:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37042"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Security_Center"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Security_Advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-37042"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/168146/Zimbra-Zip-Path-Traversal.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9G7F-GMJ5-MXVQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:42 – Updated: 2024-02-08 03:32V3 Chat - Profiles/Dating Script 3.0.2 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access by setting the admin cookie to 1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-5784"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-565"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-12-31T11:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "V3 Chat - Profiles/Dating Script 3.0.2 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access by setting the admin cookie to 1.",
"id": "GHSA-9g7f-gmj5-mxvq",
"modified": "2024-02-08T03:32:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:42:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5784"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/46479"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/7063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/32603"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/32216"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/3071"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9G98-5MJ6-F9MV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-02 23:25 – Updated: 2023-03-02 23:25Keycloak's OpenID Connect user authentication was found to incorrectly authenticate requests. An authenticated attacker who could also obtain a certain piece of info from a user request, from a victim within the same realm, could use that data to impersonate the victim and generate new session tokens.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-services"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "21.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0264"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-02T23:25:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-04T18:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Keycloak\u0027s OpenID Connect user authentication was found to incorrectly authenticate requests. An authenticated attacker who could also obtain a certain piece of info from a user request, from a victim within the same realm, could use that data to impersonate the victim and generate new session tokens.",
"id": "GHSA-9g98-5mj6-f9mv",
"modified": "2023-03-02T23:25:43Z",
"published": "2023-03-02T23:25:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-9g98-5mj6-f9mv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/commit/ec8109112e67208c13e13f6d1f8706a5a3ba8d4c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-0264"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Keycloak vulnerable to user impersonation via stolen UUID code"
}
GHSA-9G9G-C4V9-F632
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-13 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-14 03:31In TOTOLINK EX1200T firmware 4.1.2cu.5215, an attacker can bypass login by sending a specific request through formLoginAuth.htm.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-51451"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-13T17:15:27Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In TOTOLINK EX1200T firmware 4.1.2cu.5215, an attacker can bypass login by sending a specific request through formLoginAuth.htm.",
"id": "GHSA-9g9g-c4v9-f632",
"modified": "2025-08-14T03:31:16Z",
"published": "2025-08-13T18:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-51451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/lin-3-start/e42344d5caea881e5429fdd40fad1fd8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu_listtpl/download/id/204/ids/36.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://n200re.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9GCV-6RM7-VW3W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-26 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32An authentication bypass vulnerability in the User Portal and Webadmin allows a remote attacker to execute code in Sophos Firewall version v18.5 MR3 and older.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1040"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-25T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An authentication bypass vulnerability in the User Portal and Webadmin allows a remote attacker to execute code in Sophos Firewall version v18.5 MR3 and older.",
"id": "GHSA-9gcv-6rm7-vw3w",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:30Z",
"published": "2022-03-26T00:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1040"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-1040"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sophos.com/en-us/security-advisories/sophos-sa-20220325-sfos-rce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/168046/Sophos-XG115w-Firewall-17.0.10-MR-10-Authentication-Bypass.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.