CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5970 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-V9XQ-2MVM-X8XC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-28 19:44 – Updated: 2024-10-28 21:49Impact
IdentityServer's local API authentication handler performs insufficient validation of the cnf claim in DPoP access tokens. This allows an attacker to use leaked DPoP access tokens at local api endpoints even without possessing the private key for signing proof tokens.
Note that this only impacts custom endpoints within an IdentityServer implementation that have explicitly used the LocalApiAuthenticationHandler for authentication. It does not impact:
- OAuth or OIDC protocol endpoints defined by IdentityServer, such as the authorize and token endpoints.
- Typical UI pages within an IdentityServer implementation, which are not normally authorized with the local API authentication handler.
- The use of DPoP to create sender-constrained tokens in IdentityServer that are consumed by external API resources.
- The use of DPoP to sender-constrain refresh tokens issued to public clients.
Are you affected?
This vulnerability only affects IdentityServer implementations that are using the local APIs feature of IdentityServer and have explicitly enabled DPoP for local APIs. The local api authentication handler is configured with a call to either AddLocalApi or AddLocalApiAuthentication, and the opt-in to DPoP for local APIs is enabled via the TokenMode option.
Vulnerable implementations of IdentityServer would have configuration code similar to the following:
services.AddAuthentication()
.AddLocalApi("local", options =>
{
options.TokenMode = LocalApiTokenMode.DPoPAndBearer; // or LocalApiTokenMode.DPoPOnly
});
Patches
This vulnerability is patched in IdentityServer 7.0.8. Version 6.3 and below are unaffected, as they do not support DPoP in Local APIs.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Duende.IdentityServer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49755"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-28T19:44:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-28T20:15:06Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nIdentityServer\u0027s local API authentication handler performs insufficient validation of the `cnf` claim in DPoP access tokens. This allows an attacker to use leaked DPoP access tokens at local api endpoints even without possessing the private key for signing proof tokens.\n\nNote that this only impacts custom endpoints within an IdentityServer implementation that have explicitly used the `LocalApiAuthenticationHandler` for authentication. It does not impact:\n- OAuth or OIDC protocol endpoints defined by IdentityServer, such as the authorize and token endpoints.\n- Typical UI pages within an IdentityServer implementation, which are not normally authorized with the local API authentication handler.\n- The use of DPoP to create sender-constrained tokens in IdentityServer that are consumed by external API resources.\n- The use of DPoP to sender-constrain refresh tokens issued to public clients.\n\n## Are you affected?\n\nThis vulnerability only affects IdentityServer implementations that are using the local APIs feature of IdentityServer and have explicitly enabled DPoP for local APIs. The local api authentication handler is configured with a call to either `AddLocalApi` or `AddLocalApiAuthentication`, and the opt-in to DPoP for local APIs is enabled via the `TokenMode` option. \n\nVulnerable implementations of IdentityServer would have configuration code similar to the following:\n\n```cs\nservices.AddAuthentication()\n .AddLocalApi(\"local\", options =\u003e \n {\n options.TokenMode = LocalApiTokenMode.DPoPAndBearer; // or LocalApiTokenMode.DPoPOnly\n });\n```\n\n### Patches\nThis vulnerability is patched in IdentityServer 7.0.8. Version 6.3 and below are unaffected, as they do not support DPoP in Local APIs.\n",
"id": "GHSA-v9xq-2mvm-x8xc",
"modified": "2024-10-28T21:49:51Z",
"published": "2024-10-28T19:44:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DuendeSoftware/IdentityServer/security/advisories/GHSA-v9xq-2mvm-x8xc"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DuendeSoftware/IdentityServer/commit/f28cac921c1f545afe65af71a9327224755b6dac"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/DuendeSoftware/IdentityServer"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duende IdentityServer has insufficient validation of DPoP cnf claim in Local APIs "
}
GHSA-VC4M-X7GG-XQPC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-12 15:31 – Updated: 2024-09-23 15:31Securepoint UTM before 12.6.5 mishandles OTP codes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39340"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-12T13:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Securepoint UTM before 12.6.5 mishandles OTP codes.",
"id": "GHSA-vc4m-x7gg-xqpc",
"modified": "2024-09-23T15:31:00Z",
"published": "2024-07-12T15:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.securepoint.de/Advisory/CVE-2024-39340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.securepoint.de/UTM/Changelog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.securepoint.de/en/for-companies/utm-firewall"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VC6M-JRWW-32FP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:37 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:37The System Configuration Protocol (SCP) core messaging interface in Cisco Prime Network Registrar 8.2 before 8.2.3.1 and 8.3 before 8.3.2 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via crafted SCP messages, aka Bug ID CSCuv35694.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1427"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-06-18T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The System Configuration Protocol (SCP) core messaging interface in Cisco Prime Network Registrar 8.2 before 8.2.3.1 and 8.3 before 8.3.2 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via crafted SCP messages, aka Bug ID CSCuv35694.",
"id": "GHSA-vc6m-jrww-32fp",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:37:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:37:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1427"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20160616-pnr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036128"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VC7J-H8XG-FV5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-04 17:26 – Updated: 2023-08-04 17:26Impact
A malicious Matrix server can use a foreign user's MXID in an OpenID exchange, allowing a bad actor to impersonate users when using the provisioning API.
Details
The library does not check that the servername part of the sub parameter (containing the user's claimed MXID) is the same as the servername we are talking to. A malicious actor could spin up a server on any given domain, respond with a sub parameter according to the user they want to act as and use the resulting token to perform provisioning requests.
Workarounds
Disable the provisioning API. If the bridge does not use the provisioning API, you are not vulnerable.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "matrix-appservice-bridge"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "matrix-appservice-bridge"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"9.0.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38691"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-04T17:26:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-04T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nA malicious Matrix server can use a foreign user\u0027s MXID in an OpenID exchange, allowing a bad actor to impersonate users when using the provisioning API.\n\n### Details\n\nThe library does not check that the servername part of the `sub` parameter (containing the user\u0027s *claimed* MXID) is the same as the servername we are talking to. A malicious actor could spin up a server on any given domain, respond with a `sub` parameter according to the user they want to act as and use the resulting token to perform provisioning requests.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nDisable the provisioning API. If the bridge does not use the provisioning API, you are not vulnerable.\n",
"id": "GHSA-vc7j-h8xg-fv5x",
"modified": "2023-08-04T17:26:32Z",
"published": "2023-08-04T17:26:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-bridge/security/advisories/GHSA-vc7j-h8xg-fv5x"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-bridge/commit/4c6723a5e7beda65cdf1ae5dbb882e8beaac8552"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-bridge"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "matrix-appservice-bridge doesn\u0027t verify the sub parameter of an openId token exhange, allowing unauthorized access to provisioning APIs"
}
GHSA-VC85-2PC3-GRVJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:37The Stripe API v1 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by replaying api.stripe.com /v1/tokens XMLHttpRequest data, parsing the response under the object card{}, and reading the cvc_check information if the creation is successful without charging the actual card used in the transaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-19249"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-03T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Stripe API v1 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by replaying api.stripe.com /v1/tokens XMLHttpRequest data, parsing the response under the object card{}, and reading the cvc_check information if the creation is successful without charging the actual card used in the transaction.",
"id": "GHSA-vc85-2pc3-grvj",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:37:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:37:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fredmooredamian.blogspot.com/2019/01/improper-authentication-on-stripe-api-v1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VCF3-26XF-FW4M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-30 21:30 – Updated: 2026-02-01 18:09Salt contains an authentication protocol version downgrade weakness that can allow a malicious minion to bypass newer authentication/security features by using an older request payload format, enabling minion impersonation and circumventing protections introduced in response to prior issues.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3006.12"
},
{
"fixed": "3006.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3007.4"
},
{
"fixed": "3007.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62349"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-01T18:09:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-30T19:16:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Salt contains an authentication protocol version downgrade weakness that can allow a malicious minion to bypass newer authentication/security features by using an older request payload format, enabling minion impersonation and circumventing protections introduced in response to prior issues.",
"id": "GHSA-vcf3-26xf-fw4m",
"modified": "2026-02-01T18:09:41Z",
"published": "2026-01-30T21:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62349"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/68467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/commit/3d5708acae16d039a1e2b5529c8e14a0d3255611"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/topics/releases/3006.17.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/topics/releases/3007.9.html"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Salt Authentication Protocol Version Downgrade Allows Minion Impersonation"
}
GHSA-VCFF-M44G-82C2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:06 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:06An issue was discovered in Western Bridge Cobub Razor 0.7.2. Authentication is not required for /index.php?/install/installation/createuserinfo requests, resulting in account creation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-7745"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-07T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Western Bridge Cobub Razor 0.7.2. Authentication is not required for /index.php?/install/installation/createuserinfo requests, resulting in account creation.",
"id": "GHSA-vcff-m44g-82c2",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:06:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:06:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7745"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cobub/razor/issues/161"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44419"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VCG2-PQ78-9MHR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:47 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:44In Mosquitto before 1.4.12, pattern based ACLs can be bypassed by clients that set their username/client id to '#' or '+'. This allows locally or remotely connected clients to access MQTT topics that they do have the rights to. The same issue may be present in third party authentication/access control plugins for Mosquitto.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-7650"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-11T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Mosquitto before 1.4.12, pattern based ACLs can be bypassed by clients that set their username/client id to \u0027#\u0027 or \u0027+\u0027. This allows locally or remotely connected clients to access MQTT topics that they do have the rights to. The same issue may be present in third party authentication/access control plugins for Mosquitto.",
"id": "GHSA-vcg2-pq78-9mhr",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:44:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:47:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=516765"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mosquitto.org/2017/05/security-advisory-cve-2017-7650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3865"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98741"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VCMX-3577-7JH3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-30 00:34 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:31This issue was addressed through improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.6, iOS 17.6 and iPadOS 17.6, Safari 17.6. Private Browsing tabs may be accessed without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-40794"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-29T23:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This issue was addressed through improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.6, iOS 17.6 and iPadOS 17.6, Safari 17.6. Private Browsing tabs may be accessed without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-vcmx-3577-7jh3",
"modified": "2026-04-02T21:31:49Z",
"published": "2024-07-30T00:34:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/09/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120911"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214117"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214117"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/18"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VCX9-38WQ-HX3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-14 15:31An authentication bypass vulnerability in GoAnywhere MFT prior to 7.6.0 allows Admin Users with access to the Agent Console to circumvent some permission checks when attempting to visit other pages. This could lead to unauthorized information disclosure or modification.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25157"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-303"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-14T15:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An authentication bypass vulnerability in GoAnywhere MFT prior to 7.6.0 allows Admin Users with access to the Agent Console to circumvent some permission checks when attempting to visit other pages. This could lead to unauthorized information disclosure or modification.",
"id": "GHSA-vcx9-38wq-hx3h",
"modified": "2024-08-14T15:31:17Z",
"published": "2024-08-14T15:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.fortra.com/security/advisories/product-security/fi-2024-009"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.