Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-290

Allowed

Authentication Bypass by Spoofing

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.

925 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-23XJ-GFH3-WF2H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-18 18:35
VLAI
Details

The Webmin HTTP server (miniserv.pl) allows unauthenticated attackers to impersonate any user with a configured SSL client certificate by sending a forged HTTP header. A remote attacker can spoof certificate DNs and authenticate as any user. Fixed in 2.641.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-56020"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-18T17:16:35Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Webmin HTTP server (miniserv.pl) allows unauthenticated attackers to impersonate any user with a configured SSL client certificate by sending a forged HTTP header. A remote attacker can spoof certificate DNs and authenticate as any user. Fixed in 2.641.",
  "id": "GHSA-23xj-gfh3-wf2h",
  "modified": "2026-06-18T18:35:24Z",
  "published": "2026-06-18T18:35:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56020"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/webmin/webmin/releases/tag/2.641"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2026/va-26-169-02.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://webmin.com/security/#webmin-prior-to-2641"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-56020"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-25F3-5QR3-55JW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-22 21:30
VLAI
Details

Francois Jacquet RosarioSIS v12.0.0 was discovered to contain a content spoofing vulnerability in the Theme configuration under the My Preferences module. This vulnerability allows attackers to manipulate application settings.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-29621"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-22T19:15:52Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Francois Jacquet RosarioSIS v12.0.0 was discovered to contain a content spoofing vulnerability in the Theme configuration under the My Preferences module. This vulnerability allows attackers to manipulate application settings.",
  "id": "GHSA-25f3-5qr3-55jw",
  "modified": "2025-04-22T21:30:44Z",
  "published": "2025-04-22T21:30:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29621"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/@rudranshsinghrajpurohit/content-spoofing-vulnerability-in-rosariosis-student-information-system-f6101e1ff84d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.getastra.com/blog/vulnerability/content-spoofing-vulnerability-in-rosariosis-student-information-system"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-25V3-7R56-53XJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-15 12:30 – Updated: 2025-01-15 15:31
VLAI
Details

Inappropriate implementation in Fullscreen in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 132.0.6834.83 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0440"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-15T11:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Inappropriate implementation in Fullscreen in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 132.0.6834.83 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
  "id": "GHSA-25v3-7r56-53xj",
  "modified": "2025-01-15T15:31:24Z",
  "published": "2025-01-15T12:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0440"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_14.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/40067914"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-27V8-7QQQ-M35Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:31
VLAI
Details

Crabbox before 0.9.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the coordinator user-token verification path where the verifyUserToken() function fails to reject payloads containing an admin claim, allowing attackers to escalate privileges. An attacker with access to the shared non-admin token can craft a user-token payload with admin: true, sign it using HMAC-SHA256, and present it to admin-only coordinator routes to gain full coordinator admin access including lease visibility, pool state management, and forced release operations.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-45223"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T19:16:28Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Crabbox before 0.9.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the coordinator user-token verification path where the verifyUserToken() function fails to reject payloads containing an admin claim, allowing attackers to escalate privileges. An attacker with access to the shared non-admin token can craft a user-token payload with admin: true, sign it using HMAC-SHA256, and present it to admin-only coordinator routes to gain full coordinator admin access including lease visibility, pool state management, and forced release operations.",
  "id": "GHSA-27v8-7qqq-m35q",
  "modified": "2026-05-11T21:31:34Z",
  "published": "2026-05-11T21:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45223"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/pull/64"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/commit/46079f6de7f10cf61bc47efebd0c143a41664898"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/releases/tag/v0.9.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/crabbox-authentication-bypass-via-admin-claim-injection"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-27XX-C7H4-4VC8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:48 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:48
VLAI
Details

Inappropriate implementation in Autofill in Google Chrome prior to 90.0.4430.72 allowed a remote attacker to spoof security UI via a crafted HTML page.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-21215"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-26T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Inappropriate implementation in Autofill in Google Chrome prior to 90.0.4430.72 allowed a remote attacker to spoof security UI via a crafted HTML page.",
  "id": "GHSA-27xx-c7h4-4vc8",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:48:52Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:48:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21215"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_14.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://crbug.com/1172533"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EAJ42L4JFPBJATCZ7MOZQTUDGV4OEHHG"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3GZ42MYPGD35V652ZPVPYYS7A7LVXVY"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VUZBGKGVZADNA3I24NVG7HAYYUTOSN5A"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202104-08"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4906"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-2C3H-GR5X-3FH2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-21 09:31 – Updated: 2024-11-04 18:31
VLAI
Details

An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.7.2 and iPadOS 16.7.2, iOS 17.1 and iPadOS 17.1, Safari 17.1, macOS Sonoma 14.1. Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-42843"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-21T07:15:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.7.2 and iPadOS 16.7.2, iOS 17.1 and iPadOS 17.1, Safari 17.1, macOS Sonoma 14.1. Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing.",
  "id": "GHSA-2c3h-gr5x-3fh2",
  "modified": "2024-11-04T18:31:16Z",
  "published": "2024-02-21T09:31:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42843"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IXLXIOAH5S7J22LJTCIAVFVVJ4TESAX4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213981"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213982"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213984"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213986"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/26/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2C83-RHJJ-CJG4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-16 00:30 – Updated: 2024-11-06 21:30
VLAI
Details

The Online-Ausweis-Funktion eID scheme in the German National Identity card through 2024-02-15 allows authentication bypass by spoofing. A man-in-the-middle attacker can assume a victim's identify for access to government, medical, and financial resources, and can also extract personal data from the card, aka the "sPACE (Spoofing Password Authenticated Connection Establishment)" issue. This occurs because of a combination of factors, such as insecure PIN entry (for basic readers) and eid:// deeplinking. The victim must be using a modified eID kernel, which may occur if the victim is tricked into installing a fake version of an official app. NOTE: the BSI position is "ensuring a secure operational environment at the client side is an obligation of the ID card owner."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-23674"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-15T23:15:08Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Online-Ausweis-Funktion eID scheme in the German National Identity card through 2024-02-15 allows authentication bypass by spoofing. A man-in-the-middle attacker can assume a victim\u0027s identify for access to government, medical, and financial resources, and can also extract personal data from the card, aka the \"sPACE (Spoofing Password Authenticated Connection Establishment)\" issue. This occurs because of a combination of factors, such as insecure PIN entry (for basic readers) and eid:// deeplinking. The victim must be using a modified eID kernel, which may occur if the victim is tricked into installing a fake version of an official app. NOTE: the BSI position is \"ensuring a secure operational environment at the client side is an obligation of the ID card owner.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-2c83-rhjj-cjg4",
  "modified": "2024-11-06T21:30:53Z",
  "published": "2024-02-16T00:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23674"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ctrlalt.medium.com/space-attack-spoofing-eids-password-authenticated-connection-establishment-11561e5657b1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ausweisapp.bund.de"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/2powlii0dnmr7p7v5ijhc/2024_German_eID_02_Spoofing_PACE_final.pdf?rlkey=nx0ffmmbq3hffgxsuqwf0f45z\u0026dl=0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.personalausweisportal.de"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2G4Q-9VM9-9FW4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-02 15:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 20:10
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Script Security Plugin sandbox bypass vulnerability
Details

Jenkins Script Security Plugin provides a sandbox feature that allows low privileged users to define scripts, including Pipelines, that are generally safe to execute. Calls to code defined inside a sandboxed script are intercepted, and various allowlists are checked to determine whether the call is to be allowed.

Multiple sandbox bypass vulnerabilities exist in Script Security Plugin 1335.vf07d9ce377a_e and earlier:

  • Crafted constructor bodies that invoke other constructors can be used to construct any subclassable type via implicit casts.

  • Sandbox-defined Groovy classes that shadow specific non-sandbox-defined classes can be used to construct any subclassable type.

These vulnerabilities allow attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:script-security"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1336.vf33a"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-34145"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-03T20:17:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-02T14:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins Script Security Plugin provides a sandbox feature that allows low privileged users to define scripts, including Pipelines, that are generally safe to execute. Calls to code defined inside a sandboxed script are intercepted, and various allowlists are checked to determine whether the call is to be allowed.\n\nMultiple sandbox bypass vulnerabilities exist in Script Security Plugin 1335.vf07d9ce377a_e and earlier:\n\n- Crafted constructor bodies that invoke other constructors can be used to construct any subclassable type via implicit casts.\n\n- Sandbox-defined Groovy classes that shadow specific non-sandbox-defined classes can be used to construct any subclassable type.\n\nThese vulnerabilities allow attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.",
  "id": "GHSA-2g4q-9vm9-9fw4",
  "modified": "2024-07-03T20:10:05Z",
  "published": "2024-05-02T15:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34145"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2024-05-02/#SECURITY-3341"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/05/02/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Script Security Plugin sandbox bypass vulnerability"
}

GHSA-2G5M-5CHX-P2WW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:20 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:20
VLAI
Details

A spoofing vulnerability exists when Microsoft Edge improperly handles specific HTML content, aka "Microsoft Edge Spoofing Vulnerability." This affects Microsoft Edge. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8383.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-8388"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-08-15T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A spoofing vulnerability exists when Microsoft Edge improperly handles specific HTML content, aka \"Microsoft Edge Spoofing Vulnerability.\" This affects Microsoft Edge. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8383.",
  "id": "GHSA-2g5m-5chx-p2ww",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:20:51Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:20:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8388"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-8388"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105025"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041457"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2H66-XFR5-9C8F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-28 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-25 15:30
VLAI
Details

** UNSUPPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** ** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** [An attacker can capture an authenticating hash and utilize it to create new sessions. The hash is also a poorly salted MD5 hash, which could result in a successful brute force password attack. Recommended fix: Upgrade to a supported product such as Alerton ACM.] Out of an abundance of caution, this CVE ID is being assigned to better serve our customers and ensure all who are still running this product understand that the product is end of life and should be removed or upgraded. 

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-3243"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-28T21:15:10Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "** UNSUPPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** \n** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** [An attacker can capture an authenticating hash\nand utilize it to create new sessions. The hash is also a poorly salted MD5\nhash, which could result in a successful brute force password attack.\u00a0Recommended fix:  Upgrade to a supported product such\nas Alerton\nACM.] Out of an abundance of caution, this CVE ID is being assigned to \nbetter serve our customers and ensure all who are still running this product understand \nthat the product is end of life and should be removed or upgraded.\u00a0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-2h66-xfr5-9c8f",
  "modified": "2024-04-25T15:30:35Z",
  "published": "2023-06-28T21:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3243"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.honeywell.com/us/en/product-security"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers

An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-461: Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness

An adversary utilizes a hash function extension/padding weakness, to modify the parameters passed to the web service requesting authentication by generating their own call in order to generate a legitimate signature hash (as described in the notes), without knowledge of the secret token sometimes provided by the web service.

CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof

An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.

CAPEC-476: Signature Spoofing by Misrepresentation

An attacker exploits a weakness in the parsing or display code of the recipient software to generate a data blob containing a supposedly valid signature, but the signer's identity is falsely represented, which can lead to the attacker manipulating the recipient software or its victim user to perform compromising actions.

CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction

This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-667: Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS (BIAS)

An adversary disguises the MAC address of their Bluetooth enabled device to one for which there exists an active and trusted connection and authenticates successfully. The adversary can then perform malicious actions on the target Bluetooth device depending on the target’s capabilities.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.