Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-290

Allowed

Authentication Bypass by Spoofing

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.

925 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-2H9Q-C8X4-7278

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-19 21:35 – Updated: 2024-08-20 15:32
VLAI
Details

Typecho v1.3.0 was discovered to contain a Client IP Spoofing vulnerability, which allows attackers to falsify their IP addresses by specifying an arbitrary IP as value of X-Forwarded-For or Client-Ip headers while performing HTTP requests.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-35538"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-19T21:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Typecho v1.3.0 was discovered to contain a Client IP Spoofing vulnerability, which allows attackers to falsify their IP addresses by specifying an arbitrary IP as value of X-Forwarded-For or Client-Ip headers while performing HTTP requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-2h9q-c8x4-7278",
  "modified": "2024-08-20T15:32:12Z",
  "published": "2024-08-19T21:35:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35538"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cyberaz0r.info/2024/08/typecho-multiple-vulnerabilities"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://typecho.org"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2JG8-5XCC-QJCX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-19 18:31
VLAI
Details

Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in HYPR Server allows Identity Spoofing.This issue affects Server: before 10.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-8273"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-11T17:15:54Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in HYPR Server allows Identity Spoofing.This issue affects Server: before 10.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-2jg8-5xcc-qjcx",
  "modified": "2026-02-19T18:31:42Z",
  "published": "2025-12-11T18:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8273"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.hypr.com/trust-center/security-advisories"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:H/SC:H/SI:N/SA:H/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:I/V:D/RE:L/U:Amber",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2M52-FC9Q-48MJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-14 09:31 – Updated: 2025-02-18 15:31
VLAI
Details

Logic vulnerability in the mobile application (com.transsion.carlcare) may lead to the risk of account takeover.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-1298"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-14T08:15:30Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Logic vulnerability in the mobile application (com.transsion.carlcare) may lead to the risk of account takeover.",
  "id": "GHSA-2m52-fc9q-48mj",
  "modified": "2025-02-18T15:31:06Z",
  "published": "2025-02-14T09:31:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1298"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.tecno.com/SRC/blogdetail/383?lang=en_US"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.tecno.com/SRC/securityUpdates"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2MMJ-HGQM-X284

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:01 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:01
VLAI
Details

Pax Technology PAXSTORE v7.0.8_20200511171508 and lower is affected by a token spoofing vulnerability. Each payment terminal has a session token (called X-Terminal-Token) to access the marketplace. This allows the store to identify the terminal and make available the applications distributed by its reseller. By intercepting HTTPS traffic from the application store, it is possible to collect the request responsible for assigning the X-Terminal-Token to the terminal, which makes it possible to craft an X-Terminal-Token pretending to be another device. An attacker can use this behavior to authenticate its own payment terminal in the application store through token impersonation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-36128"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-07T11:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Pax Technology PAXSTORE v7.0.8_20200511171508 and lower is affected by a token spoofing vulnerability. Each payment terminal has a session token (called X-Terminal-Token) to access the marketplace. This allows the store to identify the terminal and make available the applications distributed by its reseller. By intercepting HTTPS traffic from the application store, it is possible to collect the request responsible for assigning the X-Terminal-Token to the terminal, which makes it possible to craft an X-Terminal-Token pretending to be another device. An attacker can use this behavior to authenticate its own payment terminal in the application store through token impersonation.",
  "id": "GHSA-2mmj-hgqm-x284",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:01:47Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:01:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36128"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.pridesec.com.br/p/4c972078-5f01-419e-8bea-cf31ff2e3670"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://marketing.paxtechnology.com/about-pax"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.whatspos.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-2PFP-4M5X-6QW6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-30 00:32 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34
VLAI
Details

A downgrade issue was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.6, macOS Sonoma 14.7.7, macOS Ventura 13.7.7. An app may be able to access protected user data.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-43245"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-30T00:15:36Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A downgrade issue was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.6, macOS Sonoma 14.7.7, macOS Ventura 13.7.7. An app may be able to access protected user data.",
  "id": "GHSA-2pfp-4m5x-6qw6",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:16Z",
  "published": "2025-07-30T00:32:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43245"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/124149"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/124150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/124151"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/32"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/33"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/34"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2R8X-G2V5-X892

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-06 18:31 – Updated: 2025-02-10 15:32
VLAI
Details

The device ID is based on IMEI in Forever KidsWatch Call Me KW50 R36_YDR_A3PW_GM7S_V1.0_2019_07_15_16.19.24_cob_h and Forever KidsWatch Call Me 2 KW60 R36CW_YDE_S4_A29_2_V1.0_2023.05.24_22.49.44_cob_b. If a malicious user changes the IMEI to the IMEI of a unit they registered in the mobile app, it is possible to hijack the device and control it from the app.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-36557"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-06T18:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The device ID is based on IMEI in Forever KidsWatch Call Me KW50 R36_YDR_A3PW_GM7S_V1.0_2019_07_15_16.19.24_cob_h and Forever KidsWatch Call Me 2 KW60 R36CW_YDE_S4_A29_2_V1.0_2023.05.24_22.49.44_cob_b. If a malicious user changes the IMEI to the IMEI of a unit they registered in the mobile app, it is possible to hijack the device and control it from the app.",
  "id": "GHSA-2r8x-g2v5-x892",
  "modified": "2025-02-10T15:32:19Z",
  "published": "2025-02-06T18:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36557"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D\u0026c=1\u0026af=%5B%5D\u0026searchType=SIMPLE\u0026sortOrder2=title_sort_asc\u0026query=Exploiting+Vulnerabilities+to+Remotely+Hijack+Children%E2%80%99s+Smartwatches\u0026language=en\u0026pid=diva2%3A1933447\u0026aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D\u0026sf=undergraduate\u0026aqe=%5B%5D\u0026sortOrder=author_sort_asc\u0026onlyFullText=false\u0026noOfRows=50\u0026dswid=-8296"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2V4G-65GF-W58F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-26 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-11 00:30
VLAI
Details

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.3 before 18.4.5, 18.5 before 18.5.3, and 18.6 before 18.6.1 that under specific conditions could have allowed an unauthenticated user to join arbitrary organizations by changing headers on some requests.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12653"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-26T20:15:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.3 before 18.4.5, 18.5 before 18.5.3, and 18.6 before 18.6.1 that under specific conditions could have allowed an unauthenticated user to join arbitrary organizations by changing headers on some requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-2v4g-65gf-w58f",
  "modified": "2025-12-11T00:30:26Z",
  "published": "2025-11-26T21:31:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12653"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3370245"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/11/26/patch-release-gitlab-18-6-1-released"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/579372"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2V87-3M5P-Q6CW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-21 00:31 – Updated: 2026-03-21 00:31
VLAI
Details

WebCTRL systems that communicate over BACnet inherit the protocol's lack of network layer authentication. WebCTRL does not implement additional validation of BACnet traffic so an attacker with network access could spoof BACnet packets directed at either the WebCTRL server or associated AutomatedLogic controllers. Spoofed packets may be processed as legitimate.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32666"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-21T00:16:26Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "WebCTRL systems that communicate over BACnet inherit the protocol\u0027s lack\n of network layer authentication. WebCTRL does not implement additional \nvalidation of BACnet traffic so an attacker with network access could \nspoof BACnet packets directed at either the WebCTRL server or associated\n AutomatedLogic controllers. Spoofed packets may be processed as \nlegitimate.",
  "id": "GHSA-2v87-3m5p-q6cw",
  "modified": "2026-03-21T00:31:44Z",
  "published": "2026-03-21T00:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32666"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-078-08.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.automatedlogic.com/en/company/security-commitment"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-078-08"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2VC7-6W39-6RH2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-12 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32
VLAI
Details

An attacker can abuse the batch-requests plugin to send requests to bypass the IP restriction of Admin API. A default configuration of Apache APISIX (with default API key) is vulnerable to remote code execution. When the admin key was changed or the port of Admin API was changed to a port different from the data panel, the impact is lower. But there is still a risk to bypass the IP restriction of Apache APISIX's data panel. There is a check in the batch-requests plugin which overrides the client IP with its real remote IP. But due to a bug in the code, this check can be bypassed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-24112"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-11T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An attacker can abuse the batch-requests plugin to send requests to bypass the IP restriction of Admin API. A default configuration of Apache APISIX (with default API key) is vulnerable to remote code execution. When the admin key was changed or the port of Admin API was changed to a port different from the data panel, the impact is lower. But there is still a risk to bypass the IP restriction of Apache APISIX\u0027s data panel. There is a check in the batch-requests plugin which overrides the client IP with its real remote IP. But due to a bug in the code, this check can be bypassed.",
  "id": "GHSA-2vc7-6w39-6rh2",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:29Z",
  "published": "2022-02-12T00:00:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24112"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/lcdqywz8zy94mdysk7p3gfdgn51jmt94"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-24112"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/166228/Apache-APISIX-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/166328/Apache-APISIX-2.12.1-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/11/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2VJQ-HG5W-5GM7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 20:13 – Updated: 2025-03-05 19:27
VLAI
Summary
OctoPrint has an Authentication Bypass via X-Forwarded-For Header when autologinLocal is enabled
Details

Impact

OctoPrint versions up until and including 1.10.0 contain a vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker to completely bypass the authentication if the autologinLocal option is enabled within config.yaml, even if they come from networks that are not configured as localNetworks, by spoofing their IP via the X-Forwarded-For header.

If autologin is not enabled, this vulnerability does not have any impact.

Patches

The vulnerability has been patched in version 1.10.1.

Workaround

Until the patch has been applied, OctoPrint administrators who have autologin enabled on their instances should disable it and/or to make the instance inaccessible from potentially hostile networks like the internet.

PoC

  1. Enable the autologinAs configuration within the accessControl section in the OctoPrint yaml configuration file
  2. Set your browser to add the X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1 header to HTTP requests. For example, this can be done using proxy software like Burp Suite. Alternatively, there are browser extensions such as https://github.com/MisterPhilip/x-forwarded-for, but I haven't tried them.
  3. Navigate to OctoPrint and note that it logs you in automatically.

Credits

This vulnerability was discovered and responsibly disclosed to OctoPrint by Jacopo Tediosi.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.10.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "OctoPrint"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.10.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-32977"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-14T20:13:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T16:17:12Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nOctoPrint versions up until and including 1.10.0 contain a vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker to completely bypass the authentication **if the `autologinLocal` option is enabled** within `config.yaml`, even if they come from networks that are not configured as `localNetworks`, by spoofing their IP via the `X-Forwarded-For` header.\n\nIf autologin is not enabled, this vulnerability does not have any impact.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been patched in version 1.10.1.\n\n### Workaround\n\nUntil the patch has been applied, OctoPrint administrators who have autologin enabled on their instances should disable it and/or to make the instance inaccessible from potentially hostile networks like the internet.\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Enable the `autologinAs` configuration within the `accessControl` section in the [OctoPrint yaml configuration file](https://docs.octoprint.org/en/master/configuration/config_yaml.html#access-control)\n2. Set your browser to add the `X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1` header to HTTP requests. For example, this can be done using proxy software like Burp Suite. Alternatively, there are browser extensions such as https://github.com/MisterPhilip/x-forwarded-for, but I haven\u0027t tried them.\n3. Navigate to OctoPrint and note that it logs you in automatically.\n\n### Credits\n\nThis vulnerability was discovered and responsibly disclosed to OctoPrint by Jacopo Tediosi.",
  "id": "GHSA-2vjq-hg5w-5gm7",
  "modified": "2025-03-05T19:27:36Z",
  "published": "2024-05-14T20:13:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint/security/advisories/GHSA-2vjq-hg5w-5gm7"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32977"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint/commit/5afbec8d23508edc25b0f1bdef1620580136add4"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/octoprint/PYSEC-2024-237.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OctoPrint has an Authentication Bypass via X-Forwarded-For Header when autologinLocal is enabled"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers

An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-461: Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness

An adversary utilizes a hash function extension/padding weakness, to modify the parameters passed to the web service requesting authentication by generating their own call in order to generate a legitimate signature hash (as described in the notes), without knowledge of the secret token sometimes provided by the web service.

CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof

An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.

CAPEC-476: Signature Spoofing by Misrepresentation

An attacker exploits a weakness in the parsing or display code of the recipient software to generate a data blob containing a supposedly valid signature, but the signer's identity is falsely represented, which can lead to the attacker manipulating the recipient software or its victim user to perform compromising actions.

CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction

This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-667: Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS (BIAS)

An adversary disguises the MAC address of their Bluetooth enabled device to one for which there exists an active and trusted connection and authenticates successfully. The adversary can then perform malicious actions on the target Bluetooth device depending on the target’s capabilities.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.