Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-295
AllowedImproper Certificate Validation
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
2154 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-22696 (GCVE-0-2026-22696)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-26 21:28 – Updated: 2026-01-27 21:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
dcap-qvl has Missing Verification for QE Identity
Summary
dcap-qvl implements the quote verification logic for DCAP (Data Center Attestation Primitives). A vulnerability present in versions prior to 0.3.9 involves a critical gap in the cryptographic verification process within the dcap-qvl. The library fetches QE Identity collateral (including qe_identity, qe_identity_signature, and qe_identity_issuer_chain) from the PCCS. However, it skips to verify the QE Identity signature against its certificate chain and does not enforce policy constraints on the QE Report. An attacker can forge the QE Identity data to whitelist a malicious or non-Intel Quoting Enclave. This allows the attacker to forge the QE and sign untrusted quotes that the verifier will accept as valid. Effectively, this bypasses the entire remote attestation security model, as the verifier can no longer trust the entity responsible for signing the quotes. All deployments utilizing the dcap-qvl library for SGX or TDX quote verification are affected. The vulnerability has been patched in dcap-qvl version 0.3.9. The fix implements the missing cryptographic verification for the QE Identity signature and enforces the required checks for MRSIGNER, ISVPRODID, and ISVSVN against the QE Report. Users of the `@phala/dcap-qvl-node` and `@phala/dcap-qvl-web` packages should switch to the pure JavaScript implementation, `@phala/dcap-qvl`. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability. Users must upgrade to the patched version to ensure that QE Identity collateral is properly verified.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-27 21:42 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Phala-Network/dcap-qvl/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phala-Network | dcap-qvl |
Affected:
< 0.3.9
|
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CVE-2026-22613 (GCVE-0-2026-22613)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-09 05:39 – Updated: 2026-02-09 16:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The server identity check mechanism for firmware upgrade performed via command shell is insecurely implemented potentially allowing an attacker to perform a Man-in-the-middle attack. This security issue has been fixed in the latest firmware version of Eaton
Network M3
which is available on the Eaton download center.
Severity
5.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-09 16:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eaton | Network M3 |
Affected:
0 , < 2.3.3
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-02-09 05:37
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CVE-2026-22250 (GCVE-0-2026-22250)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-12 17:52 – Updated: 2026-01-12 18:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
wlc can skip SSL verification
Summary
wlc is a Weblate command-line client using Weblate's REST API. Prior to 1.17.0, the SSL verification would be skipped for some crafted URLs. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.17.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-12 18:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/WeblateOrg/wlc/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/WeblateOrg/wlc/pull/1097 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/WeblateOrg/wlc/commit/a513864e… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WeblateOrg | wlc |
Affected:
< 1.17.0
|
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CVE-2026-22093 (GCVE-0-2026-22093)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-13 09:10 – Updated: 2026-07-16 15:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) attack vulnerability in EVbee Service app
Summary
The EVbee Service Android app uses TLS encrypted communication (HTTPS), but does not validate the certificate provided by the server. This allows an attacker on the network path between the app and EVbee server to intercept and manipulate the communication between the app and server. The traffic is weakly encrypted using RC4 with a hardcoded key, which allows an attacker to gain access to the communication. Part of this communication involves access codes to charging stations.
This issue affects EVbee Service: v1.4.101.00.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 13:12 UTC
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://csirt.divd.nl/DIVD-2026-00001/ | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| EVbee | EVbee Service |
Affected:
0 , < 1.4.7.10
(semver)
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CVE-2026-21228 (GCVE-0-2026-21228)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 17:51 – Updated: 2026-08-19 16:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Azure Local Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper certificate validation in Azure Local allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-11 04:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Azure Local |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 2510.0.3002
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:azure_local:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-02-10 16:00
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CVE-2026-20500 (GCVE-0-2026-20500)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-07 01:57 – Updated: 2026-09-07 10:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Modem, there is a possible system crash due to improper input validation. This could lead to local denial of service with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY01810811; Issue ID: MSV-9232.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-07 10:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MediaTek, Inc. | MediaTek chipset |
Affected:
MT2716
Affected: MT6835 Affected: MT6858 Affected: MT6878 Affected: MT6881 Affected: MT6897 Affected: MT6899 Affected: MT6982VB Affected: MT6986 Affected: MT6988 Affected: MT6991 Affected: MT6993 Affected: MT8668 Affected: MT8676 Affected: MT8678 Affected: MT8755 Affected: MT8775 Affected: MT8792 Affected: MT8793 Affected: MT8863 Affected: MT8873 Affected: MT8883 |
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CVE-2026-20323 (GCVE-0-2026-20323)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 20:15 – Updated: 2026-09-17 11:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center and Secure Firewall Threat Defense Software sftunnel Unauthorized Authentication Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the sftunnel inter-device communication protocol of Cisco Secure FMC Software and Cisco Secure FTD Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to impersonate the peer device and obtain access at the level of the manager role, which is equivalent to root.
This vulnerability is due to improper management of the TLS certificate for the sftunnel management connection. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by connecting to the sftunnel port using a crafted TLS certificate. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to become a registered sftunnel peer with root access.
Note: The attack is successful only if the sftunnel connection is down or the attack can disrupt the sftunnel connection long enough to execute the attack.
Severity
8.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 03:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) |
Affected:
7.0.0
Affected: 7.0.0.1 Affected: 7.0.1 Affected: 7.0.1.1 Affected: 7.0.2 Affected: 7.2.0 Affected: 7.0.2.1 Affected: 7.0.3 Affected: 7.2.0.1 Affected: 7.0.4 Affected: 7.2.1 Affected: 7.0.5 Affected: 7.3.0 Affected: 7.2.2 Affected: 7.3.1 Affected: 7.2.3 Affected: 7.2.3.1 Affected: 7.2.4 Affected: 7.0.6 Affected: 7.2.4.1 Affected: 7.2.5 Affected: 7.3.1.1 Affected: 7.4.0 Affected: 7.0.6.1 Affected: 7.2.5.1 Affected: 7.4.1 Affected: 7.2.6 Affected: 7.4.1.1 Affected: 7.0.6.2 Affected: 7.2.7 Affected: 7.2.5.2 Affected: 7.3.1.2 Affected: 7.2.8 Affected: 7.6.0 Affected: 7.4.2 Affected: 7.2.8.1 Affected: 7.0.6.3 Affected: 7.4.2.1 Affected: 7.2.9 Affected: 7.0.7 Affected: 7.7.0 Affected: 7.4.2.2 Affected: 7.2.10 Affected: 7.6.1 Affected: 7.4.2.3 Affected: 7.0.8 Affected: 7.6.2 Affected: 7.7.10 Affected: 7.2.10.1 Affected: 7.0.8.1 Affected: 7.6.2.1 Affected: 7.2.10.2 Affected: 7.7.10.1 Affected: 7.4.2.4 Affected: 7.4.3 Affected: 7.6.3 Affected: 7.7.11 Affected: 7.6.4 Affected: 10.0.0 Affected: 7.4.4 Affected: 7.4.5 Affected: 7.0.9 Affected: 7.2.11 Affected: 7.7.12 Affected: 7.6.5 Affected: 7.4.6 Affected: 10.0.1 Affected: 7.4.7 Affected: 7.0.10 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software |
Affected:
7.0.0
Affected: 7.0.0.1 Affected: 7.0.1 Affected: 7.0.1.1 Affected: 7.0.2 Affected: 7.2.0 Affected: 7.0.2.1 Affected: 7.0.3 Affected: 7.2.0.1 Affected: 7.0.4 Affected: 7.2.1 Affected: 7.0.5 Affected: 7.3.0 Affected: 7.2.2 Affected: 7.2.3 Affected: 7.3.1 Affected: 7.2.4 Affected: 7.0.6 Affected: 7.2.5 Affected: 7.2.4.1 Affected: 7.3.1.1 Affected: 7.4.0 Affected: 7.0.6.1 Affected: 7.2.5.1 Affected: 7.4.1 Affected: 7.2.6 Affected: 7.0.6.2 Affected: 7.4.1.1 Affected: 7.2.7 Affected: 7.2.5.2 Affected: 7.3.1.2 Affected: 7.2.8 Affected: 7.6.0 Affected: 7.4.2 Affected: 7.2.8.1 Affected: 7.0.6.3 Affected: 7.4.2.1 Affected: 7.2.9 Affected: 7.0.7 Affected: 7.7.0 Affected: 7.4.2.2 Affected: 7.2.10 Affected: 7.6.1 Affected: 7.4.2.3 Affected: 7.0.8 Affected: 7.6.2 Affected: 7.7.10 Affected: 7.7.11 Affected: 7.0.8.1 Affected: 7.6.2.1 Affected: 7.7.10.1 Affected: 7.4.2.4 Affected: 7.2.10.2 Affected: 7.4.3 Affected: 7.6.4 Affected: 10.0.0 Affected: 7.4.4 Affected: 7.0.9 Affected: 7.2.11 Affected: 7.4.7 Affected: 7.0.10 |
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CVE-2026-20184 (GCVE-0-2026-20184)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-15 16:03 – Updated: 2026-04-16 19:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Webex Meetings Certificate Validation Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the integration of single sign-on (SSO) with Control Hub in Cisco Webex Services could have allowed an unauthenticated, remote attacker to impersonate any user within the service.
This vulnerability existed because of improper certificate validation. Prior to this vulnerability being addressed, an attacker could have exploited this vulnerability by connecting to a service endpoint and supplying a crafted token. A successful exploit could have allowed the attacker to gain unauthorized access to legitimate Cisco Webex services.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-15 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Webex Meetings |
Affected:
39.7.7
Affected: 39.9 Affected: 40.4.10 Affected: 39.6 Affected: 40.6.2 Affected: 39.8.2 Affected: 39.8.4 Affected: 40.1 Affected: 39.11 Affected: 39.7.4 Affected: 39.9.1 Affected: 40.4 Affected: 40.6 Affected: 39.7 Affected: 39.8 Affected: 39.8.3 Affected: 40.2 Affected: 39.10 Affected: 42.6 Affected: 42.7 Affected: 42.8 Affected: 42.9 Affected: 42.10 Affected: 42.11 Affected: 42.12 Affected: 43.1 Affected: 43.2 Affected: 43.3 Affected: 43.4 Affected: 43.4.1 Affected: 43.4.2 Affected: 43.5.0 Affected: 43.6.0 Affected: 43.6.1 Affected: 43.7 Affected: 43.8 Affected: 43.9 Affected: 43.10 Affected: 43.11 Affected: 43.12 Affected: 44.1 Affected: 44.2 Affected: 44.3 Affected: 44.4 Affected: 44.5 Affected: 44.6 Affected: 44.7 Affected: 44.8 Affected: 44.9 Affected: 44.10 Affected: 44.11 Affected: 44.12 Affected: 45.1 Affected: 45.2 Affected: 45.3 Affected: 45.4 |
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GCVE-1-2026-20085 (CVE-2026-85221)
Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-09-03 14:16 – Updated: 2026-09-03 14:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MISP CurlClient TLS Peer Verification Disabled by Default Enables Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
Summary
MISP contains an improper TLS certificate validation vulnerability in CurlClient. The CurlClient::$verifyPeer property was not explicitly initialized and therefore defaulted to null. When passed to cURL, this value effectively disabled TLS peer verification unless the calling code explicitly enabled it.
As a result, HTTPS connections made through affected CurlClient instances could accept certificates that were not issued by a trusted certificate authority. An attacker capable of intercepting or manipulating network traffic between a MISP instance and a remote HTTPS service could impersonate the remote endpoint and perform a man-in-the-middle attack.
Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to observe sensitive information transmitted by MISP, including authentication material or exchanged threat intelligence, and to modify responses returned to the MISP instance. The impact depends on the functionality using CurlClient and the data exchanged with the remote service.
The patch enables TLS peer verification by default while preserving explicit support for configured self-signed certificates. It also corrects the self-signed certificate handling in SyncTool so that peer verification is disabled only when no pinned CA certificate is configured.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
GNA-1
This instance
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/e06f69858 | patch |
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CVE-2026-20042 (GCVE-0-2026-20042)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-01 16:27 – Updated: 2026-04-02 03:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Nexus Dashboard Configuration REST API Unauthorized Access Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the configuration backup feature of Cisco Nexus Dashboard could allow an attacker who has the encryption password and access to Full or Config-only backup files to access sensitive information.
This vulnerability exists because authentication details are included in the encrypted backup files. An attacker with a valid backup file and encryption password from an affected device could decrypt the backup file. The attacker could then use the authentication details in the backup file to access internal-only APIs on the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as the root user.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-01 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Nexus Dashboard |
Affected:
1.1(3e)
Affected: 1.1(3c) Affected: 1.1(3d) Affected: 1.1(0d) Affected: 1.1(2i) Affected: 2.0(1b) Affected: 1.1(2h) Affected: 1.1(0c) Affected: 1.1(3f) Affected: 2.1(1d) Affected: 2.1(1e) Affected: 2.0(2g) Affected: 2.0(2h) Affected: 2.1(2d) Affected: 2.0(1d) Affected: 2.2(1h) Affected: 2.2(1e) Affected: 2.2(2d) Affected: 2.1(2f) Affected: 2.3(1c) Affected: 2.3(2b) Affected: 2.3(2c) Affected: 2.3(2d) Affected: 2.3(2e) Affected: 3.0(1f) Affected: 3.0(1i) Affected: 3.1(1k) Affected: 3.1(1l) Affected: 3.2(1e) Affected: 3.2(1i) Affected: 3.3(1a) Affected: 3.3(1b) Affected: 3.3(2b) Affected: 4.0(1i) Affected: 3.3(2g) Affected: 3.2(2f) Affected: 3.2(2g) Affected: 3.2(2m) Affected: 3.1(1n) Affected: 4.1(1g) |
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"status": "affected",
"version": "1.1(3c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.1(3d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.1(0d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.1(2i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(1b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.1(2h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.1(0c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.1(3f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.1(1d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.1(1e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(2g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(2h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.1(2d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(1d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2(1h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2(1e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2(2d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.1(2f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3(1c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3(2b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3(2c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3(2d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3(2e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(1f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(1i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1(1k)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1(1l)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(1e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(1i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3(1a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3(1b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3(2b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(1i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3(2g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(2f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(2g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(2m)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1(1n)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(1g)"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability in the configuration backup feature of Cisco Nexus Dashboard could allow an attacker who has the encryption password and access to Full or Config-only backup files to access sensitive information.\r\n\r\nThis vulnerability exists because authentication details are included in the encrypted backup files. An attacker with a valid backup file and encryption password from an affected device could decrypt the backup file. The attacker could then use the authentication details in the backup file to access internal-only APIs on the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as the root user."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "cvssV3_1"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-295",
"description": "Improper Certificate Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-01T16:27:49.948Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-nd-cbid-5YqkOSHu",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-nd-cbid-5YqkOSHu"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "cisco-sa-nd-cbid-5YqkOSHu",
"defects": [
"CSCwq66302"
],
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"title": "Cisco Nexus Dashboard Configuration REST API Unauthorized Access Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-20042",
"datePublished": "2026-04-01T16:27:49.948Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-10-08T11:59:15.354Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-02T03:56:08.575Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.
Mitigation
Implementation
If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.
CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.
CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation
An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.