CWE-295
AllowedImproper Certificate Validation
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
1913 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3G46-58RQ-XQF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:02 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:42The Audible application through 2.34.0 for Android has Missing SSL Certificate Validation, allowing MITM attackers to cause a denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11554"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-06T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Audible application through 2.34.0 for Android has Missing SSL Certificate Validation, allowing MITM attackers to cause a denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-3g46-58rq-xqf3",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:42:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:02:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pankajupadhyay.in/2019/12/06/audible-and-a-curious-case-of-insecure-by-default-in-adobe-sdks"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3G76-F9XQ-8VP6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-09 00:38 – Updated: 2026-06-02 22:07Potential unbounded server-side SNI SslContext cache growth in Vert.x TLS handling, with = resource-exhaustion / DoS impact. On affected versions, matching server-side SNI names are cached via computeIfAbsent(serverName, ...) in a serverName-keyed SslContext cache.
The implementation differs slightly by branch, but the same sink appears to be present in released versions 4.3.4 through 5.0.11:
- 4.3.x: SSLHelper
- 4.4.x / 4.5.x: SslChannelProvider
- 5.0.x and current master: SslContextProvider
When server-side SNI is enabled and wildcard or otherwise broad hostname mappings are used, an unauthenticated client can send many distinct matching SNI names and cause the server to retain increasing numbers of SslContext entries over time, leading to increasing memory consumption and possible DoS conditions.
Steps to reproduce
- Configure a Vert.x server with
setSsl(true)andsetSni(true). - Use a keystore or mapping where many distinct SNI names match a wildcard or similarly broad rule.
- Send repeated connections with distinct matching SNI values.
- Observe that the SNI cache size grows with the number of unique matching names.
What are the affected versions?
Affected released versions confirmed on origin:
- 4.3.4 through 4.3.8
- 4.4.0 through 4.4.9
- 4.5.0 through 4.5.26
- 5.0.0 through 5.0.11
Not affected by the same sink:
- 4.0.x through 4.2.x
- 4.3.0 through 4.3.3
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.3.4"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.3.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.4.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.4.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.5.26"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.5.27"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.0.11"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6860"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-09T00:38:30Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T10:16:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Potential unbounded server-side SNI `SslContext` cache growth in Vert.x TLS handling, with = resource-exhaustion / DoS impact. On affected versions, matching server-side SNI names are cached via `computeIfAbsent(serverName, ...)` in a serverName-keyed `SslContext` cache.\n\nThe implementation differs slightly by branch, but the same sink appears to be present in released versions `4.3.4` through `5.0.11`:\n- `4.3.x`: `SSLHelper`\n- `4.4.x` / `4.5.x`: `SslChannelProvider`\n- `5.0.x` and current `master`: `SslContextProvider`\n\nWhen server-side SNI is enabled and wildcard or otherwise broad hostname mappings are used, an unauthenticated client can send many distinct matching SNI names and cause the server to retain increasing numbers of `SslContext` entries over time, leading to increasing memory consumption and possible DoS conditions.\n\n## Steps to reproduce\n\n1. Configure a Vert.x server with `setSsl(true)` and `setSni(true)`.\n2. Use a keystore or mapping where many distinct SNI names match a wildcard or similarly broad rule.\n3. Send repeated connections with distinct matching SNI values.\n4. Observe that the SNI cache size grows with the number of unique matching names.\n\n## What are the affected versions?\n\nAffected released versions confirmed on `origin`:\n- `4.3.4` through `4.3.8`\n- `4.4.0` through `4.4.9`\n- `4.5.0` through `4.5.26`\n- `5.0.0` through `5.0.11`\n\nNot affected by the same sink:\n- `4.0.x` through `4.2.x`\n- `4.3.0` through `4.3.3`",
"id": "GHSA-3g76-f9xq-8vp6",
"modified": "2026-06-02T22:07:06Z",
"published": "2026-05-09T00:38:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/security/advisories/GHSA-3g76-f9xq-8vp6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6860"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/6102"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vert-x3/wiki/wiki/4.5.27-Release-Notes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/vulnerability-reports/-/issues/381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vertx.io/blog/eclipse-vert-x-4-5-27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vertx.io/blog/eclipse-vert-x-5-0-12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Vert.x has a DoS via unbounded server-side SNI SslContext cache growth"
}
GHSA-3GG8-MC87-CQ3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-21 18:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 20:40Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in Apache Airflow FTP Provider.
The FTP hook lacks complete certificate validation in FTP_TLS connections, which can potentially be leveraged. Implementing proper certificate validation by passing context=ssl.create_default_context() during FTP_TLS instantiation is used as mitigation to validate the certificates properly.
This issue affects Apache Airflow FTP Provider: before 3.7.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.7.0, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "apache-airflow-providers-ftp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-29733"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-24T19:52:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-21T18:15:45Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in Apache Airflow FTP Provider.\n\nThe FTP hook lacks complete certificate validation in FTP_TLS connections, which can potentially be leveraged. Implementing proper certificate validation by passing context=ssl.create_default_context() during FTP_TLS instantiation is used as mitigation to validate the certificates properly.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Airflow FTP Provider: before 3.7.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 3.7.0, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-3gg8-mc87-cq3h",
"modified": "2024-07-03T20:40:29Z",
"published": "2024-04-21T18:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/38266"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/ssl.html#best-defaults"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/95e26118b828c364755f3a8c96870f3591b01c31/airflow/providers/ftp/hooks/ftp.py#L280"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/265t5zbmtjs6h9fkw52wtp03nsbplky2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/19/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in Apache Airflow FTP Provider"
}
GHSA-3GG9-F3VH-866F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 22:39 – Updated: 2021-05-10 21:16Graylog before 3.3.3 lacks SSL Certificate Validation for LDAP servers. It allows use of an external user/group database stored in LDAP. The connection configuration allows the usage of unencrypted, SSL- or TLS-secured connections. Unfortunately, the Graylog client code (in all versions that support LDAP) does not implement proper certificate validation (regardless of whether the "Allow self-signed certificates" option is used). Therefore, any attacker with the ability to intercept network traffic between a Graylog server and an LDAP server is able to redirect traffic to a different LDAP server (unnoticed by the Graylog server due to the lack of certificate validation), effectively bypassing Graylog's authentication mechanism.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.graylog:graylog-parent"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15813"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-10T21:16:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-17T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Graylog before 3.3.3 lacks SSL Certificate Validation for LDAP servers. It allows use of an external user/group database stored in LDAP. The connection configuration allows the usage of unencrypted, SSL- or TLS-secured connections. Unfortunately, the Graylog client code (in all versions that support LDAP) does not implement proper certificate validation (regardless of whether the \"Allow self-signed certificates\" option is used). Therefore, any attacker with the ability to intercept network traffic between a Graylog server and an LDAP server is able to redirect traffic to a different LDAP server (unnoticed by the Graylog server due to the lack of certificate validation), effectively bypassing Graylog\u0027s authentication mechanism.",
"id": "GHSA-3gg9-f3vh-866f",
"modified": "2021-05-10T21:16:56Z",
"published": "2022-02-10T22:39:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15813"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/issues/5906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/pull/8569"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Certificate Validation in Graylog"
}
GHSA-3GMV-R52P-22C8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:32 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:32TitanHQ WebTitan Gateway has incorrect certificate validation for the TLS interception feature.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-18227"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-12T04:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TitanHQ WebTitan Gateway has incorrect certificate validation for the TLS interception feature.",
"id": "GHSA-3gmv-r52p-22c8",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:32:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:32:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-18227"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jhalderm.com/pub/papers/interception-ndss17.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ndss-symposium.org/ndss2017/ndss-2017-programme/security-impact-https-interception"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2017.23456"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3H27-2WG2-W59M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:31 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:31An issue has been found in PowerDNS Recursor versions 4.1.x before 4.1.9 where records in the answer section of responses received from authoritative servers with the AA flag not set were not properly validated, allowing an attacker to bypass DNSSEC validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-3807"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-29T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue has been found in PowerDNS Recursor versions 4.1.x before 4.1.9 where records in the answer section of responses received from authoritative servers with the AA flag not set were not properly validated, allowing an attacker to bypass DNSSEC validation.",
"id": "GHSA-3h27-2wg2-w59m",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:31:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-3807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.powerdns.com/recursor/security-advisories/powerdns-advisory-2019-02.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3HJW-X946-3RHG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-12 18:30Errands before 46.2.10 does not verify TLS certificates for CalDAV servers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-71063"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-12T16:16:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Errands before 46.2.10 does not verify TLS certificates for CalDAV servers.",
"id": "GHSA-3hjw-x946-3rhg",
"modified": "2026-01-12T18:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-01-12T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-71063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mrvladus/Errands/issues/401"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mrvladus/Errands/commit/04e567b432083fc798ea2249363ea6c83ff01099"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1123738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mrvladus/Errands/compare/46.2.9...46.2.10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mrvladus/Errands/releases/tag/46.2.10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3J6H-FFR2-HW5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:50Pandora iOS app prior to version 8.3.2 fails to properly validate SSL certificates provided by HTTPS connections, which may enable an attacker to conduct man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-3194"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-12-16T02:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Pandora iOS app prior to version 8.3.2 fails to properly validate SSL certificates provided by HTTPS connections, which may enable an attacker to conduct man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-3j6h-ffr2-hw5m",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:50:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-3194"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/collection/XFTAS-Daily-Threat-Assessment-for-March-29-2017-0d704f6eb8163d995bbaf57bbf35a018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/342303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.scmagazine.com/pandora-apple-app-vulnerable-to-mitm-attacks/article/647106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97158"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3J9H-5R8R-RRXC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11In GNOME libzapojit through 0.0.3, zpj-skydrive.c does not enable TLS certificate verification on the SoupSessionSync objects it creates, leaving users vulnerable to network MITM attacks. NOTE: this is similar to CVE-2016-20011.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39360"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-22T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In GNOME libzapojit through 0.0.3, zpj-skydrive.c does not enable TLS certificate verification on the SoupSessionSync objects it creates, leaving users vulnerable to network MITM attacks. NOTE: this is similar to CVE-2016-20011.",
"id": "GHSA-3j9h-5r8r-rrxc",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2021/05/25/reminder-soupsessionsync-and-soupsessionasync-default-to-no-tls-certificate-verification"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libzapojit/-/issues/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IDXCHOCVP3VSAKDBQSLER2DQHFIOUHAT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/TNSIMQXP6VQWJXI7VW7ZCLCS4NWW465T"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UG7TUICJM4QJHI4QJ2RHOSQE2QWD3KO3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3JGM-QFWG-P235
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-22 21:30Idira Endpoint Privilege Manager Agent versions prior to 26.5 exhibit improper access control within internal agent validation processes. A local attacker could potentially bypass built-in security controls or cryptographic validations. Under specific circumstances, this could allow the attacker to circumvent agent self-defense mechanisms and execute unauthorized operations. CyberArk Security Bulletin: CA26-19
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45175"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-11T20:16:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Idira Endpoint Privilege Manager Agent versions prior to 26.5 exhibit improper access control within internal agent validation processes. A local attacker could potentially bypass built-in security controls or cryptographic validations. Under specific circumstances, this could allow the attacker to circumvent agent self-defense mechanisms and execute unauthorized operations. CyberArk Security Bulletin: CA26-19",
"id": "GHSA-3jgm-qfwg-p235",
"modified": "2026-06-22T21:30:46Z",
"published": "2026-06-11T21:31:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45175"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.cyberark.com/epm/latest/en/content/release%20notes/rn-os-linux.htm#Version2650control"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.cyberark.com/epm/latest/en/content/release%20notes/rn-os-macos.htm#Version2650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.cyberark.com/epm/latest/en/content/release%20notes/rn-os-windows.htm#Version2650"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Amber",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.
Mitigation
If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.
CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.
CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation
An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.