CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
3482 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-J9H8-PHRW-H4FH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 14:48 – Updated: 2025-10-22 19:07Impact
The vulnerability may allow a remote attacker has sufficient rights to execute commands of the host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types.
Patches
XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.
Workarounds
See workarounds for the different versions covering all CVEs.
References
See full information about the nature of the vulnerability and the steps to reproduce it in XStream's documentation for CVE-2021-39144.
Credits
Ceclin and YXXX from the Tencent Security Response Center found and reported the issue to XStream and provided the required information to reproduce it.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in XStream * Email us at XStream Google Group
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.4.18"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39144"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-502",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-23T18:22:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-23T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe vulnerability may allow a remote attacker has sufficient rights to execute commands of the host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream\u0027s security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types.\n\n### Patches\nXStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.\n\n### Workarounds\nSee [workarounds](https://x-stream.github.io/security.html#workaround) for the different versions covering all CVEs.\n\n### References\nSee full information about the nature of the vulnerability and the steps to reproduce it in XStream\u0027s documentation for [CVE-2021-39144](https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-39144.html).\n\n### Credits\n\nCeclin and YXXX from the Tencent Security Response Center found and reported the issue to XStream and provided the required information to reproduce it.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [XStream](https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/issues)\n* Email us at [XStream Google Group](https://groups.google.com/group/xstream-user)",
"id": "GHSA-j9h8-phrw-h4fh",
"modified": "2025-10-22T19:07:26Z",
"published": "2021-08-25T14:48:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-j9h8-phrw-h4fh"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39144"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-39144.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-5004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-39144"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210923-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QGXIU3YDPG6OGTDHMBLAFN7BPBERXREB"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PVPHZA7VW2RRSDCOIPP2W6O5ND254TU7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/22KVR6B5IZP3BGQ3HPWIO2FWWCKT3DHP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QGXIU3YDPG6OGTDHMBLAFN7BPBERXREB"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PVPHZA7VW2RRSDCOIPP2W6O5ND254TU7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/22KVR6B5IZP3BGQ3HPWIO2FWWCKT3DHP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/09/msg00017.html"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/169859/VMware-NSX-Manager-XStream-Unauthenticated-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XStream is vulnerable to a Remote Command Execution attack"
}
GHSA-J9J7-VRC8-64WQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-11-20 21:30A vulnerability was discovered in the firmware builds after 8.0.2.3267 and prior to 8.1.3.1301 in CCX devices. A flaw in the firmware build process did not properly restrict access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3281"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T16:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was discovered in the firmware builds after 8.0.2.3267 and prior to 8.1.3.1301 in CCX devices. A flaw in the firmware build process did not properly restrict access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.",
"id": "GHSA-j9j7-vrc8-64wq",
"modified": "2024-11-20T21:30:42Z",
"published": "2024-04-09T18:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/ish_10388650-10388701-16/hpsbpy03929"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Publikationen/Advisories/SYSS-2024-003.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J9RP-P6M7-9PPX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PT PeopleTools product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: Performance Monitor). Supported versions that are affected are 8.61 and 8.62. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise PeopleSoft Enterprise PT PeopleTools. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of PeopleSoft Enterprise PT PeopleTools. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35279"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:40:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PT PeopleTools product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: Performance Monitor). Supported versions that are affected are 8.61 and 8.62. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise PeopleSoft Enterprise PT PeopleTools. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of PeopleSoft Enterprise PT PeopleTools. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-j9rp-p6m7-9ppx",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:22Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35279"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J9RW-93PG-VF76
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:21 – Updated: 2022-07-18 00:00Zyxel CloudCNM SecuManager 3.1.0 and 3.1.1 has no authentication for /registerCpe requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15335"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-26T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Zyxel CloudCNM SecuManager 3.1.0 and 3.1.1 has no authentication for /registerCpe requests.",
"id": "GHSA-j9rw-93pg-vf76",
"modified": "2022-07-18T00:00:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:21:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15335"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2020-03-09-zyxel-secumanager-0day-vulnerabilities.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2020-03-09-zyxel-secumanager-0day-vulnerabilities.html#xmpp-no-auth-cleartext"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zyxel.com/support/vulnerabilities-of-CloudCNM-SecuManager.shtml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JCRW-M2M5-7CWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-05 00:30 – Updated: 2025-03-05 00:30Certain functionality within GMOD Apollo does not require authentication when passed with an administrative username
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-05T00:15:38Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Certain functionality within GMOD Apollo does not require authentication when passed with an administrative username",
"id": "GHSA-jcrw-m2m5-7cwf",
"modified": "2025-03-05T00:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-03-05T00:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-063-07"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JCV7-6V4Q-4M7X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-06 21:30 – Updated: 2024-07-01 15:31By design, the DHCP protocol does not authenticate messages, including for example the classless static route option (121). An attacker with the ability to send DHCP messages can manipulate routes to redirect VPN traffic, allowing the attacker to read, disrupt, or possibly modify network traffic that was expected to be protected by the VPN. Many, if not most VPN systems based on IP routing are susceptible to such attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3661"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-06T19:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "By design, the DHCP protocol does not authenticate messages, including for example the classless static route option (121). An attacker with the ability to send DHCP messages can manipulate routes to redirect VPN traffic, allowing the attacker to read, disrupt, or possibly modify network traffic that was expected to be protected by the VPN. Many, if not most VPN systems based on IP routing are susceptible to such attacks.\n",
"id": "GHSA-jcv7-6v4q-4m7x",
"modified": "2024-07-01T15:31:59Z",
"published": "2024-05-06T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/cve-2024-3661-k-tunnelvision-exposes-vpn-bypass-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2024-00009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/07/vpn_tunnelvision_dhcp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.leviathansecurity.com/research/tunnelvision"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.leviathansecurity.com/blog/tunnelvision"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.agwa.name/blog/post/hardening_openvpn_for_def_con"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tunnelvisionbug.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX677069/cloud-software-group-security-advisory-for-cve20243661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2024-3661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40284111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40279632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000139553"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mullvad.net/en/blog/evaluating-the-impact-of-tunnelvision"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lowendtalk.com/discussion/188857/a-rogue-dhcp-server-within-your-network-can-and-will-hijack-your-vpn-traffic"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2024/05/why-your-vpn-may-not-be-as-secure-as-it-claims"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/263721377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-170"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3442#section-7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2131#section-7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bst.cisco.com/quickview/bug/CSCwk05814"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/05/novel-attack-against-virtually-all-vpn-apps-neuters-their-entire-purpose"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JCVQ-626F-F479
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 00:30 – Updated: 2026-03-19 15:31IBM Sterling B2B Integrator and IBM Sterling File Gateway 6.1.0.0 through 6.1.2.7_2, 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.5_1, 6.2.1.0 through 6.2.1.1_1, and 6.2.2.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to view and delete the partners of a community and to delete the communities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1264"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-17T23:16:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Sterling B2B Integrator\u00a0and IBM Sterling File Gateway\u00a06.1.0.0 through 6.1.2.7_2, 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.5_1, 6.2.1.0 through 6.2.1.1_1, and 6.2.2.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to view and delete the partners of a community and to delete the communities.",
"id": "GHSA-jcvq-626f-f479",
"modified": "2026-03-19T15:31:14Z",
"published": "2026-03-18T00:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7266518"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JCWF-WQ8P-VRQF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 18:31 – Updated: 2025-07-08 18:31Missing authentication for critical function in Windows Remote Desktop Licensing Service allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48814"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T17:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing authentication for critical function in Windows Remote Desktop Licensing Service allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-jcwf-wq8p-vrqf",
"modified": "2025-07-08T18:31:45Z",
"published": "2025-07-08T18:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48814"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48814"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JF63-8279-V8VQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-05-24 22:28The affected product’s configuration is vulnerable due to missing authentication, which may allow an attacker to change configurations and execute arbitrary code on the iView (versions prior to v5.7.03.6182).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32930"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-11T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The affected product\u2019s configuration is vulnerable due to missing authentication, which may allow an attacker to change configurations and execute arbitrary code on the iView (versions prior to v5.7.03.6182).",
"id": "GHSA-jf63-8279-v8vq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T22:28:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-154-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JFV9-68M5-GJJR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-28 19:13The mem0 1.0.0 server lacks authentication and authorization controls for its memory management API endpoints. Critical functions such as updating memory records (PUT /memories/{memory_id}) are exposed without any verification of the requester's identity or permissions. A remote attacker can exploit this by sending unauthenticated requests to modify, overwrite, or delete arbitrary memory records, leading to unauthorized data manipulation and potential data loss.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "mem0ai"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-28T19:13:30Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:16:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The mem0 1.0.0 server lacks authentication and authorization controls for its memory management API endpoints. Critical functions such as updating memory records (PUT /memories/{memory_id}) are exposed without any verification of the requester\u0027s identity or permissions. A remote attacker can exploit this by sending unauthenticated requests to modify, overwrite, or delete arbitrary memory records, leading to unauthorized data manipulation and potential data loss.",
"id": "GHSA-jfv9-68m5-gjjr",
"modified": "2026-05-28T19:13:30Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T18:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31240"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mem0ai/mem0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.notion.so/CVE-2026-31240-35d1e13931888170964ae035c04a8f18"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "mem0 server lacks authentication and authorization controls for its memory management API endpoints"
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.